Natural history of G ynaikothrips uzeli (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) in galls of Ficus benjamina (Rosales, Moraceae)

ABSTRACT Galls induced by thrips are simple structures when compared to those of other groups of arthropods, and little is known regarding many of their aspects. This study aimed to investigate aspects of the natural history of Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmermann, 1900 in galls of Ficus benjamina L., 1753 using seasonal sampling (summer and winter). Twenty trees were sampled and divided into quadrants. From each of them, five galls were collected, forming a total of 400 galls per collection. Thrips showed greater abundance at higher temperatures (25.7°C) and no precipitation. Sex ratio was biased towards females (0.022 males per female), pointing to an inbred mating structure. Arthropod fauna associated with galls was more abundant (N=798) in winter, and it included representatives of the orders Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Araneae, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Diptera and Blattodea

Genomic Ancestry, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 Among Latin Americans

We present the distribution of CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 variants and predicted phenotypes in 33 native and admixed populations from Ibero-America (n > 6,000) in the context of genetic ancestry (n = 3,387). Continental ancestries are the major determinants of frequencies of the increased-activity allele CYP2C19*17 and CYP2C19 gUMs (negatively associated with Native American ancestry), decreased-activity alleles CYP2D6*41 and CYP2C9*2 (positively associated with European ancestry), and decreased-activity alleles CYP2D6*17 and CYP2D6*29 (positively associated with African ancestry). For the rare alleles, CYP2C9*2 and CYPC19*17, European admixture accounts for their presence in Native American populations, but rare alleles CYP2D6*5 (null-activity), CYP2D6-multiplication alleles (increased activity), and CYP2C9*3 (decreased-activity) were present in the pre-Columbian Americas. The study of a broad spectrum of Native American populations from different ethno-linguistic groups show how autochthonous diversity shaped the distribution of pharmaco-alleles and give insights on the prevalence of clinically relevant phenotypes associated with drugs, such as paroxetine, tamoxifen, warfarin, and clopidogrel

Daños en brotes de duraznero asociado a trips y su relación con las malezas

In the last seasons, thrips were detected on leaves sprout of peaches in Mendoza, Argentina. Also damages were observed and they could be attributed to this pest. The finality of this work was to give evidences in order to relate thrips and damages on sprout of peach and to estimate the weed roll to infest the crop. The work was done in Agrelo, Mendoza. Thrips population dynamic by thrips species was recorded on one weed species inside and other outside of the crop. Also thrips presence onflowers and sprout of peach were monitored. The percentage of damage was evaluated and correlated with thrips abundance by sectors in two plots (D4 and G1). The roll of the weeds outside the crop was very important in order to infest it. A positive correlation between thrips population on sprout and damage was observed (y = -5,8501 + 13,2739 x, r2 = 0,85). F. occidenatalis (75% plot D4, 78% plotG1) was the most frequent species on leaves of peach, follow by T. tabaci (24% plot D4, 18% plot G1). Some larvae on sprout of peach were identified. All of them were F. occidentalis. The relative position of the parcels with the infestation source and predominant wind direction were decisive in the plot infestationEn las últimas temporadas en Mendoza, República Argentina, se ha detectado trips en brotes de duraznero. También se ha observado la presencia de daños que podrían ser atribuidos a esta plaga. La finalidad de este trabajo fue aportar evidencias que permitieran relacionar el daño con la presencia de trips y, además, establecer el rol que cumplen las malezas en la infestación del cultivo. El trabajo se realizó en una finca situada en Agrelo, Mendoza. Se realizó el seguimiento de las poblaciones de trips por especie en una maleza dentro y otra fuera del cultivo, y en flores y brotes de duraznero. Se evaluó el porcentaje de daños y se correlacionó con la abundancia de trips en diferentes sectores de dos cuarteles (D4 y G1). Las malezas fuera del cultivo cumplieron un rol muy importante en la infestación de éste. Se correlacionó positivamente la cantidad de trips con el porcentaje de brotes con daños severos observados (y = -5,8501 + 13,2739 x, r2 = 0,85). F. occidenatalis (75% cuartel D4, 78% cuartel G1) fue la especie más frecuente en brotes de duraznero, seguida de T. tabaci (24% cuartel D4, 18% cuartel G1). Algunas larvas colectadas de brotes de duraznero fueron identificadas. Todas correspondieron a F. occidentalis. La posición relativa de los cuarteles en relación con las fuentes de infestación y dirección de los vientos predominantes tuvieron un rol decisivo en la infestación de los cuartele

Daños en brotes de duraznero asociado a trips y su relación con las malezas

En las últimas temporadas en Mendoza, República Argentina, se ha detectado trips en brotes de duraznero. También se ha observado la presencia de daños que podrían ser atribuidos a esta plaga. La finalidad de este trabajo fue aportar evidencias que permitieran relacionar el daño con la presencia de trips y, además, establecer el rol que cumplen las malezas en la infestación del cultivo. El trabajo se realizó en una finca situada en Agrelo, Mendoza. Se realizó el seguimiento de las poblaciones de trips por especie en una maleza dentro y otra fuera del cultivo, y en flores y brotes de duraznero. Se evaluó el porcentaje de daños y se correlacionó con la abundancia de trips en diferentes sectores de dos cuarteles (D4 y G1). Las malezas fuera del cultivo cumplieron un rol muy importante en la infestación de éste. Se correlacionó positivamente la cantidad de trips con el porcentaje de brotes con daños severos observados (y = -5,8501 + 13,2739 x, r2 = 0,85). F. occidenatalis (75% cuartel D4, 78% cuartel G1) fue la especie más frecuente en brotes de duraznero, seguida de T. tabaci (24% cuartel D4, 18% cuartel G1). Algunas larvas colectadas de brotes de duraznero fueron identificadas. Todas correspondieron a F. occidentalis. La posición relativa de los cuarteles en relación con las fuentes de infestación y dirección de los vientos predominantes tuvieron un rol decisivo en la infestación de los cuarteles

Vibration behavior of thin-walled steel members subjected to uniform bending

This article reports the results of an investigation on the effects of internal moments on the vibration behavior of thin-walled steel members. The analyses are based on the Generalized Beam Theory (GBT), a thin-walled bar theory accounting for crosssection in-plane deformations ? its main distinctive feature is the representation of the member deformed configuration by means of a linear combination of cross-section deformation modes, multiplied by their longitudinal amplitude functions. The study concerns a simply supported T-section (with unequal flanges) members exhibiting a wide range of lengths and subjected to uniform internal moment diagrams ? their magnitudes are specified as percentages of the corresponding critical buckling values. After providing a brief overview of the main concepts and procedures involved in performing a GBT-based structural analysis, the vibration behavior of load-free and loaded T-section members is addressed ? the influence of the applied loadings is assessed in terms of (i) the fundamental frequency difference and (ii) the change in the corresponding vibration mode shape. For validation purposes, some GBT results are compared with values yielded by shell finite element analysis performed in the code ABAQUS (Simulia, 2008)

Uso do teste Lercafé para a caracterização de danos em sementes de cafeeiro Characterization of injuries in coffee seeds through Lercafé test

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização do teste Lercafé, para estimar a germinação e caracterizar diferentes tipos de danos em sementes de cafeeiro. Utilizaram-se sementes de cafeeiro arábica cultivar Catuaí IAC 44, submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: sementes sem dano, sementes com dano por secagem a 40 e 60ºC, e sementes brocadas. As sementes foram avaliadas pelos testes de germinação e Lercafé. Em relação aos dois tipos de danos, os resultados de germinação, estimada pelo Lercafé, apresentaram alta correlação com os obtidos pelo teste de germinação. O dano por secagem à alta temperatura caracterizou-se pelo aparecimento de manchas esverdeadas espalhadas, que atingiram parcial ou totalmente o endosperma da semente. O dano por broca caracterizou-se por uma depressão circundada por um anel de coloração verde. O teste Lercafé é eficiente para estimar a germinação e caracterizar os danos por secagem à alta temperatura e os causados por broca, em sementes de cafeeiro.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of the Lercafé test for estimating the germination and characterizing different types of injuries in coffee seeds. Seeds of arabica coffee cultivar Catuaí IAC 44 were submitted to the following treatments: nondamaged seeds, heat damage (at 40 and 60ºC), and bug damage. Seeds were assessed by the tests of germination and Lercafé. The germination results estimated by Lercafé test had high correlation with the results from the germination test for the two types of injuries. The heat damage, by drying seeds at high temperatures, was characterized by scattered green stains, partially or totally covering the seed endosperm. A sunken lesion surrounded by a green ring characterized the damage by coffee berry borer. Lercafé test is efficient to estimate the germination and to characterize the injuries by heat and coffee berry borer, in coffee seeds

Relevance of the ancestry for the variability of the Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms in a multiethnic Costa Rican population

CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 metabolize around 40 % of drugs and their genes vary across populations. The Costa Rican population has a trihybrid ancestry and its key geographic location turns it into a suitable scenario to evaluate interethnic differences across populations. This study aims to describe the diversity of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms in Costa Rican populations in the context of their ancestry. A total of 448 healthy individuals were included in the study: Bribri (n= 47), Cabécar (n= 27), Maleku (n= 16), Guaymí (n= 30), Huetar (n= 48), Chorotega (n= 41), Admixed/Mestizos from the Central Valley/Guanacaste (n= 189), and Afro-Caribbeans (n= 50) from Limón. CYP2C9 (alleles *2, *3, *6) and CYP2C19 (*2, *3, *4, *5, *17) genotypes were determined by Real-Time PCR. African, European and Native American ancestry were inferred using 87 ancestry informative markers. The frequency of the decreased activity allele CYP2C9*2 is lower in the self-reported Amerindian groups compared to the admixed population, and the highest frequencies of CYP2C19*2 (null activity) and the CYP2C19*17 (increased activity) were found in the self-reported Afro- Caribbean population. Moreover, a frequency of 0.7 % CYP2C9 gPMs in the Admixed population and a variable frequency of CYP2C19 gUMs (0.0-32.6 %, more prevalent in Afro-Caribbeans) in Costa Rican populations, was found. Finally, the following alleles were positively correlated with genomic African ancestry and negatively correlated with genomic Native American ancestry: CYP2D6*5 (null activity), CYP2D6*17 (decreased activity), CYP2D6*29 (decreased activity) and CYP2C19*17 (increased activity). No correlation for CYP2C9 polymorphisms and genomic ancestry was found. Further studies assessing the CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 sequence in these populations, preferentially by sequencing these genes, are warranted