Some Like It Fat: Comparative Ultrastructure of the Embryo in Two Demosponges of the Genus Mycale (Order Poecilosclerida) from Antarctica and the Caribbean

0000-0002-7993-1523© 2015 Riesgo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License [4.0], which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article

Giustizia e letteratura II

The book explores and links different cultures, disciplines and perspectives, with a far more original and broad approach to the relations between “Justice” and “Literature” than more traditional works focused on “Law” and “Literature”. The many contributions from writers, literature and movie critics, psychologists, and criminal law practitioners and scholars, draw a complex and interdisciplinary path through primary texts of Italian and international literature, with the aim of prompting readers’ reflections about core issues related to law, crime, and responsibility. Through the analysis of masterpieces of literature, theatre and cinema, this book aims at stimulating dialogue and debate, as well as critical abilities and a deep-rooted sense of justice, amongst both law professionals and citizens at large. Literature and other forms of narration are presented here as a privileged key to approach long-standing questions about (amongst other) causes and consequences of crime; victimization and coping mechanisms; the role of criminal law and criminal proceedings; legalism and equity; law and ethics; the ‘time’ of justice; freedom, responsibility, culpability and forgiveness; rules, legality, socialization and culture; language and images as mediums for justice issues; the impact of prejudice and of existing balances of power on the application of the law; social and legal mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion; gender issues and legal systems; and so on. A whole section (Part V) is devoted to crimes against humanity and how the literary testimony may be understood both as a strategy to resist injustice and to seek justice, and as a way to prevent further horrors. Through this quest for justice in literature and arts, the volume proposes a wider cultural and research project which defies traditional formalistic and retributive approaches to criminal law, in order to open new perspectives for restorative and reintegrative strategies

Two-grid genetic algorithm full-waveform inversion

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) tries to estimate velocity models of the subsurface with improved accuracy and resolution compared to conventional methods. To be successful, it needs input data that is rich in low frequencies and possibly characterized by long source-to-receiver offsets. The correct solution of the inverse problem by means of local methods is facilitated if the starting model lies in the “valley” of the cost-function global minimum. We explore the possibility of relaxing this requirement by using genetic algorithms, a stochastic optimization method, as the driver of the FWI (GA FWI). However, stochastic methods are affected by the “curse of dimensionality,” meaning that they require huge and sometimes even unaffordable computer resources for inverse problems with many unknowns and costly forward modeling. Therefore, we need to adopt proper stratagems in the inversion and limit our goal to the estimation of a velocity macromodel that is of a model with only the long-wavelength velocity structures, which could eventually act as the starting model for a local, higher-resolution gradient-based inversion. To this end, in the GA FWI we parametrize the subsurface with two grids: (1) a coarse grid with widely spaced nodes, that is unknowns, for the inversion, and (2) a fine grid with shorter spacing for the modeling. As a side result, we can also have an estimate of the uncertainty at the solution nodes of the grid. The approach we discuss is 2D acoustic in the time domain, with finite difference forward modeling. The examples we show refer to the Marmousi model and to a marine field data set