0000-0002-7993-1523© 2015 Riesgo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License [4.0], which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.  The attached file is the published version of the article

A Clarke

A Nørrevang

A Riesgo

AC Giese

AE Smith

AG Marsh

Ana Riesgo

Andrea Bertran

AR Pérez-Porro

AV Ereskovsky

B Waddell

C Cerrano

C Lévi

Conxita Avila

DA Pace

E Anderson

E Gaino

E Lepore

E Meroz

G Corriero

G Feller

G Kattner

GB Picken

H Boulekbache

H Heras

HV Wilson

J Kowalke

James Bell

JB McClintock

JE Thompson

Joan Solà

JP Diaz

JR Pawlik

JS Pearse

KH Sharp

KJ Eckelbarger

Laura Sánchez-Vila

LS Peck

M Maldonado

M Sciscioli

M Wapstra

MF Gallissian

MJ Uriz

MS Hill

NL Bienati

NM Whiteley

O Kinne

O Maas

P Brien

PE Fell

PR Bergquist

R Borojevic

R Day

S Schmitt

S Taboada

Sergio Taboada

TF Goreau

TL Loh

TL Simpson

W Hagen

Y Delage

Y Watanabe

PLoS ONE

English

Crossref

Some Like It Fat: Comparative Ultrastructure of the Embryo in Two Demosponges of the Genus Mycale (Order Poecilosclerida) from Antarctica and the Caribbean

0000-0002-7993-1523© 2015 Riesgo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License [4.0], which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.  The attached file is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor

Riesgo, A

Taboada, S

Sánchez-Vila, L

Solà, J

Bertran, A

Avila, C

Natural History Museum Repository

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During embryogenesis, organisms with lecithotrophic indirect development usually accu- mulate large quantities of energetic reserves in the form of yolk that are necessary for larval survival. Since all sponges have lecithotrophic development, yolk formation is an ineludible step of their embryogenesis. Sponge yolk platelets have a wide range of morphological forms, from entirely lipid or protein platelets to a combined platelet showing both lipids and proteins and even glycogen. So far, there are no comparative studies on the nature and content of yolk in congeneric species of sponges inhabiting contrasting environments, which could have putative effects on the larval adaptation to environmental conditions. Here, we have taken advantage of the worldwide distribution of the sponge genus Mycale, in order to compare the embryogenesis and yolk formation in two species inhabiting con- trasting latitudinal areas: M. acerata from Antarctic waters and M. laevis from the Caribbean. We have compared their brooded embryos and larvae using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and calculated their energetic signatures based on the nature of their yolk. While the general morphological feature of embryos and larvae of both species were very similar, the main difference resided in the yolk nature. The Antarctic species, M. acer- ata, showed exclusively lipid yolk, whereas the Caribbean species, M. laevis, showed com- bined platelets of lipids and proteins and less frequently protein yolk platelets. The larvae of M. acerata were estimated to possess a two-fold energetic signature compared to that of M. laevis, which may have important ecological implications for their survival and for maintain- ing large population densities in the cold waters of the Southern Ocean

Riesgo Gil, Ana

Taboada Moreno, Sergi

Sánchez Vila, Laura

Solà Peracaula, Joan

Bertrán, Andrea.

Ávila Escartín, Conxita

Diposit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona

Some like it fat: Comparative ultraestructure of the embryo in two demo sponges of the genus Mycale (Order Poecilosclerida): Mycale acerata from Antarctica and Mycale laevis from the Caribbean

Riesgo Ana

Taboada Sergio

Sánchez-Vila Laura

Solà Joan

Bertran Andrea

Avila Conxita

Public Library of Science (PLOS)

 (Order Poecilosclerida) from Antarctica and the Caribbean

During embryogenesis, organisms with lecithotrophic indirect development usually accumulate large quantities of energetic reserves in the form of yolk that are necessary for larval survival. Since all sponges have lecithotrophic development, yolk formation is an ineludible step of their embryogenesis. Sponge yolk platelets have a wide range of morphological forms, from entirely lipid or protein platelets to a combined platelet showing both lipids and proteins and even glycogen. So far, there are no comparative studies on the nature and content of yolk in congeneric species of sponges inhabiting contrasting environments, which could have putative effects on the larval adaptation to environmental conditions. Here, we have taken advantage of the worldwide distribution of the sponge genus Mycale, in order to compare the embryogenesis and yolk formation in two species inhabiting contrasting latitudinal areas: M. acerata from Antarctic waters and M. laevis from the Caribbean. We have compared their brooded embryos and larvae using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and calculated their energetic signatures based on the nature of their yolk. While the general morphological feature of embryos and larvae of both species were very similar, the main difference resided in the yolk nature. The Antarctic species, M. acerata, showed exclusively lipid yolk, whereas the Caribbean species, M. laevis, showed combined platelets of lipids and proteins and less frequently protein yolk platelets. The larvae of M. acerata were estimated to possess a two-fold energetic signature compared to that of M. laevis, which may have important ecological implications for their survival and for maintaining large population densities in the cold waters of the Southern Ocean

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Some like it fat: comparative ultrastructure of the embryo in two demosponges of the genus Mycale (order Poecilosclerida) from Antarctica and the Caribbean.

Some Like It Fat: Comparative Ultrastructure of the Embryo in Two Demosponges of the Genus Mycale (Order Poecilosclerida) from Antarctica and the Caribbean

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