What Future for LEADER as a Catalyst of Social Innovation?

The LEADER Approach was initially designed to promote innovation in European rural areas by sustaining a bottom-up approach to local development. Nowadays the LEADER Approach includes elements that are generally considered to support social innovation. Classical features of the LEADER Approach \u2013 for example, area-based development strategies and cooperation and networking \u2013 are considered catalysts of social innovation as well. By drawing on key elements which support social innovation, the chapter discusses the future role of the LEADER Approach and Local Action Groups, and debates the challenges and potentials of the new rural development policy within emerging social, environmental and economic needs

Social Capital, Network Governance and Social Innovation: Towards a New Paradigm?

Limited knowledge and empirical evidence exist so far on how governance is related to social capital, and to comprehensively evaluate the effects of collaborative public-private partnerships in rural development actions, and whether these elements foster socially innovative actions. The book chapter begins to address these knowledge gaps. It highlights the conceptual framework linking social capital and network governance and identifies specific approaches to analysing governance. Moreover, it conceptually identifies the key elements for assessing governance mechanisms in the LEADER approach and explains its adoption in the evaluation method proposed in the book. The chapter concludes by outlining how social capital and governance may support social innovation, a topic which is developed more comprehensively in relation to LEADER's specific contribution in the final chapter of the same book

Are social innovation paradigms incommensurable?

This paper calls attention to the problematic use of the concept of social innovation which remains undefined despite its proliferation throughout academic and policy discourses. Extant research has thus far failed to capture the socio-political contentions which surround social innovation. This paper therefore draws upon the work of Thomas Kuhn and conducts a paradigmatic analysis of the field of social innovation which identifies two emerging schools: one technocratic, the other democratic. The paper identifies some of the key thinkers in each paradigm and explains how the struggle between these two paradigms reveals itself to be part of a broader conflict between neoliberalism and it opponents and concludes by arguing that future research focused upon local contextualised struggles will reveal which paradigm is in the ascendancy

Current evidence in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) kronična je upalna bolest pilosebacealne jedinice koja svojim recidivirajućim tijekom, bolnošću, pojavom sekreta neugodnog mirisa i estetskim nedostatcima uvelike smanjuje kvalitetu života oboljelih osoba. Vrhunac svoje pojavnosti najčešće doseže u ranim dvadesetim i/ili tridesetim godinama života. Etiopatogeneza bolesti još uvijek nije do kraja razjašnjena, no zna se da je riječ o multifaktorijalnoj bolesti u čijem nastanku ključnu ulogu ima neadekvatan imunološki odgovor tkiva u kombinaciji s rizičnim čimbenicima, poput prekomjerne tjelesne težine, pušenja, mehaničke iritacije te genetskih čimbenika. Okluzija folikula rezultira njegovom dilatacijom, rupturom i izlaskom folikularnog sadržaja u dermis. Stanični debris, bakterije i sebum potiču upalne stanice, mahom makrofage i neutrofile, na pojačanu sintezu i lučenje matriks metaloproteinaza, antimikrobnih peptida i brojnih citokina među kojima se, svojom ulogom, najviše ističu TNF-α i IL-17. Kliničkom slikom HS dominiraju subkutani bolni čvorovi koji progrediraju do dubokih apscesa, drenažnih sinusa te hipertrofičnih ožiljaka i kontraktura u intertriginoznim predjelima. Dijagnoza se postavlja klinički, na temelju anamneze, karakterističnih kožnih lezija te njihove topografije. Sukladno europskim smjernicama, liječenje HS može biti medikamentozno, kirurško, lasersko te kombinacija navedenih modaliteta. Oblik primijenjene terapije ovisi o težini kliničke slike odnosno stupnju zahvaćenosti kože te bolesnikovim komorbiditetitma. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je prikazati najnovije spoznaje o etiopatogenezi HS kroz prikaz kaskade autoinflamatornih reakcija, aktiviranih različitim signalnim putevima, koje se manifestiraju u obliku kronične upalne kožne bolesti.Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit which, by its recurrent course, pain, unpleasant odour and aesthetic deficiencies, dramatically reduces patient's quality of life. It most often reaches its peak incidence in the early twenties or thirties. The etiopathogenesis of disease has not yet been fully elucidated. Still, it is known that it is multifactorial disease in which inadequate tissue immune response, in combination with risk factors including overweight, smoking, mechanical irritation and genetic factors, plays a key role. Follicle occlusion results in dilatation, rupture and release of follicular content into the dermis. Cellular debris, bacteria and sebum stimulate inflammatory cells, mostly macrophages and neutrophils, to enhanced synthesis and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases, antimicrobial peptides and numerous cytokines, among which, by their role, TNF-α and IL-17 stand out the most. Clinical picture of HS is characterized by painful subcutaneous nodules that progress to deep abscesses, drainage sinuses, and hypertrophic scars and contractures in the intertriginous areas. Diagnosis is made clinically, based on the case history, characteristic skin lesions and their topography. According to European guidelines, the treatment of HS can be medicamentous, surgical, laser and a combination of these treatment modalities. The form of used therapy depends on the severity of the clinical picture, the degree of skin involvement and the patient's comorbidities. Aim of this thesis is to present current evidence in the pathogenesis of HS through the cascade of autoinflammatory reactions, activated by signaling pathways, which manifests in the form of chronic inflammatory skin disease

Current evidence in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) kronična je upalna bolest pilosebacealne jedinice koja svojim recidivirajućim tijekom, bolnošću, pojavom sekreta neugodnog mirisa i estetskim nedostatcima uvelike smanjuje kvalitetu života oboljelih osoba. Vrhunac svoje pojavnosti najčešće doseže u ranim dvadesetim i/ili tridesetim godinama života. Etiopatogeneza bolesti još uvijek nije do kraja razjašnjena, no zna se da je riječ o multifaktorijalnoj bolesti u čijem nastanku ključnu ulogu ima neadekvatan imunološki odgovor tkiva u kombinaciji s rizičnim čimbenicima, poput prekomjerne tjelesne težine, pušenja, mehaničke iritacije te genetskih čimbenika. Okluzija folikula rezultira njegovom dilatacijom, rupturom i izlaskom folikularnog sadržaja u dermis. Stanični debris, bakterije i sebum potiču upalne stanice, mahom makrofage i neutrofile, na pojačanu sintezu i lučenje matriks metaloproteinaza, antimikrobnih peptida i brojnih citokina među kojima se, svojom ulogom, najviše ističu TNF-α i IL-17. Kliničkom slikom HS dominiraju subkutani bolni čvorovi koji progrediraju do dubokih apscesa, drenažnih sinusa te hipertrofičnih ožiljaka i kontraktura u intertriginoznim predjelima. Dijagnoza se postavlja klinički, na temelju anamneze, karakterističnih kožnih lezija te njihove topografije. Sukladno europskim smjernicama, liječenje HS može biti medikamentozno, kirurško, lasersko te kombinacija navedenih modaliteta. Oblik primijenjene terapije ovisi o težini kliničke slike odnosno stupnju zahvaćenosti kože te bolesnikovim komorbiditetitma. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je prikazati najnovije spoznaje o etiopatogenezi HS kroz prikaz kaskade autoinflamatornih reakcija, aktiviranih različitim signalnim putevima, koje se manifestiraju u obliku kronične upalne kožne bolesti.Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit which, by its recurrent course, pain, unpleasant odour and aesthetic deficiencies, dramatically reduces patient's quality of life. It most often reaches its peak incidence in the early twenties or thirties. The etiopathogenesis of disease has not yet been fully elucidated. Still, it is known that it is multifactorial disease in which inadequate tissue immune response, in combination with risk factors including overweight, smoking, mechanical irritation and genetic factors, plays a key role. Follicle occlusion results in dilatation, rupture and release of follicular content into the dermis. Cellular debris, bacteria and sebum stimulate inflammatory cells, mostly macrophages and neutrophils, to enhanced synthesis and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases, antimicrobial peptides and numerous cytokines, among which, by their role, TNF-α and IL-17 stand out the most. Clinical picture of HS is characterized by painful subcutaneous nodules that progress to deep abscesses, drainage sinuses, and hypertrophic scars and contractures in the intertriginous areas. Diagnosis is made clinically, based on the case history, characteristic skin lesions and their topography. According to European guidelines, the treatment of HS can be medicamentous, surgical, laser and a combination of these treatment modalities. The form of used therapy depends on the severity of the clinical picture, the degree of skin involvement and the patient's comorbidities. Aim of this thesis is to present current evidence in the pathogenesis of HS through the cascade of autoinflammatory reactions, activated by signaling pathways, which manifests in the form of chronic inflammatory skin disease

ISOLASI PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA PADA KASUS EAR MITES KUCING DOMESTIK DAN SENSITIVITAS TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK

ABSTRAKPseudomonas aeruginosa merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab infeksi sekunder pada kasus ear mites. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi P. aeruginosa pada kasus ear mites kucing domestik dan mengetahui tingkat sensitivitasnya terhadap antibiotik. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 20 ekor kucing domestik yang terinfeksi oleh ear mites. Untuk isolasi P. aeruginosa dilakukan dengan metode Carter. Swab dimasukkan ke dalam media Nutrient Broth (NB) lalu diinkubasikan selama 24 jam pada suhu 37oC, selanjutnya diinokulasikan pada media Pseudomonas Cetrimide Agar (PCA) dengan teknik goresan-T diinkubasi selama 48 jam pada suhu 37oC. Pigmentasi dan morfologi koloni bakteri yang tumbuh diamati warna, bentuk, ukuran, pinggiran dan elevasi. Koloni bakteri yang mencirikan P. aeruginosa dilanjutkan pewarnaan Gram. Uji sensitivitas pada media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) dilakukan sesuai metode difusi Kirby Bauer. Hasil isolasi bakteri didapat 9 dari 20 sampel (45%) positif mengalami infeksi sekunder oleh P. aeruginosa. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa P. aeruginosa menunjukkan sensitivitas tertinggi terhadap siproflosaksin (100%), terhadap kloramfenikol (44,44%) dan terhadap amoxicillin (22,22%), sedangkan resistensi tertinggi terhadap streptomisin (100%), terhadap amoxicillin (77,78%), terhadap tetrasiklin (55,56%) dan terhadap kloramfenikol (33,34%). Oleh sebab itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa P. aeruginosa pada kasus ear mites dapat diisolasi serta masih sensitif terhadap siproflosaksin dan resisten terhadap streptomisin, amoxicillin, tetrasiklin dan kloramfenikol.Kata Kunci: infeksi sekunder, kucing domestik, resistensi antibiotik, uji sensitivitasABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the bacteria that causes secondary infections in the case of ear mites. This study aims to isolate P. aeruginosa from the domestic cat ear mites case and determine its sensitivity level to antibiotic. The sample used were 20 domestic cats infected by ear mites. The isolation of P. aeruginosa was carried out using the Carter method. The swab was put into the Nutrient Broth (NB) medium then incubated for 24 hours at 37oC, then inoculated in Pseudomonas Citrimide Agar (PCA) medium with T-striking technique incubated for 48 hours at 37oC. Pigmentation and morphology of bacteria colony were observed by its color, shape, size, edges and elevation. The bacterial colony that charaterizes P. aeruginosa was continued by Gram stain. The sensitivity test on the Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media was carried out according to the Kirby Bauer diffusion method. The result of bacterial isolation obtained 9 of 20 samples (45%) positive had secondary infections by P. aeruginosa. In this study it was found that P. aeruginosa showed the higest sensitivity to ciproflosaksin (100%), to chloramphenicol (44,44%) and to amoxicillin (22,22%), while the highest resistance to streptomicin (100%), to amoxicillin (77,78%), to tetracycline (55,56%) and to chloramphenicol (33,34%). Therefore it can be concluded that P. aeruginosa on the case of ear mites can be isolated and is still sensitive to ciproflosaksin and resistant to streptomycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol.Keywords: secondary infections, domestic cat, antibiotic resistance, sensitivity testBanda Ace