Direct cavity detection of Majorana pairs

No experiment could directly test the particle/antiparticle duality of Majorana fermions, so far. However, this property represents a necessary ingredient towards the realization of topological quantum computing schemes. Here, we show how to complete this task by using microwave techniques. The direct coupling between a pair of overlapping Majorana bound states and the electric field from a microwave cavity is extremely difficult to detect due to the self-adjoint character of Majorana fermions which forbids direct energy exchanges with the cavity. We show theoretically how this problem can be circumvented by using photo-assisted tunneling to fermionic reservoirs. The absence of direct microwave transition inside the Majorana pair in spite of the light-Majorana coupling would represent a smoking gun for the Majorana self-adjoint character.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Numerical simulations of time resolved quantum electronics

This paper discusses the technical aspects - mathematical and numerical - associated with the numerical simulations of a mesoscopic system in the time domain (i.e. beyond the single frequency AC limit). After a short review of the state of the art, we develop a theoretical framework for the calculation of time resolved observables in a general multiterminal system subject to an arbitrary time dependent perturbation (oscillating electrostatic gates, voltage pulses, time-vaying magnetic fields) The approach is mathematically equivalent to (i) the time dependent scattering formalism, (ii) the time resolved Non Equilibrium Green Function (NEGF) formalism and (iii) the partition-free approach. The central object of our theory is a wave function that obeys a simple Schrodinger equation with an additional source term that accounts for the electrons injected from the electrodes. The time resolved observables (current, density. . .) and the (inelastic) scattering matrix are simply expressed in term of this wave function. We use our approach to develop a numerical technique for simulating time resolved quantum transport. We find that the use of this wave function is advantageous for numerical simulations resulting in a speed up of many orders of magnitude with respect to the direct integration of NEGF equations. Our technique allows one to simulate realistic situations beyond simple models, a subject that was until now beyond the simulation capabilities of available approaches.Comment: Typographic mistakes in appendix C were correcte

Vibrational and dielectric properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides

First-principles studies of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have contributed considerably to the understanding of their dielectric, optical, elastic, and vibrational properties. The majority of works to date focus on a single material or physical property. Here we use a single first-principles methodology on the whole family of systems, to investigate in depth the relationships between different physical properties, the underlying symmetry and the composition of these materials, and observe trends. We compare to bulk counterparts to show strong interlayer effects in triclinic compounds. Previously unobserved relationships between these monolayer compounds become apparent. These trends can then be exploited by the materials science, nanoscience, and chemistry communities to better design devices and heterostructures for specific functionalities.Comment: 4 figures, 11 page

Vibrational and dielectric properties of the bulk transition metal dichalcogenides

Interest in the bulk transition metal dichalcogenides for their electronic, photovoltaic, and optical properties has grown and led to their use in many technological applications. We present a systematic investigation of their interlinked vibrational and dielectric properties, using density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory, studying the effects of the spin-orbit interaction and of the long-range e$^-$- e$^-$ correlation as part of our investigation. This study confirms that the spin-orbit interaction plays a small role in these physical properties, while the direct contribution of dispersion corrections is of crucial importance in the description of the interatomic force constants. Here, our analysis of the structural and vibrational properties, including the Raman spectra, compare well to experimental measurement. Three materials with different point groups are showcased and data trends on the full set of fifteen existing hexagonal, trigonal, and triclinic materials are demonstrated. This overall picture will enable the modeling of devices composed of these materials for novel applications.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Assessing Physical Internet potential for Humanitarian Supply Chains

Nowadays, Humanitarian Supply Chain stakes are changing drastically, implying a need for new methods and tools. One of the most promising evolution is definitively Physical Internet . The current research work investigates how to assess the potential benefits and limits of using the Physical Internet paradigm within Humanitarian Supply Chains. Practically, the proposal provides (i) a systems engineering-oriented framework and (ii) a set of specific modeling features. This contribution will allow assessing efficiently and accurately, impacts of Physical Internet in Humanitarian context. Finally, the paper develops avenues for further research based on the proposal

Etudes biophysiques de l'interaction entre la protéine humaine TRBP et un précurseur de microARN oncogène

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through RNA interference (RNAi). Human miRNAs are generated via a series of enzymatic processing steps. In particular, in the cytoplasm, the precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) is recognized and cleaved by a complex containing the RNase III enzyme Dicer and several non-catalytic accessory proteins. HIV TAR element-binding protein (TRBP) is a constituent of the Dicer complex, which augments complex stability, has effect on the cleavage kinetics and on the cleavage site and potentially functions in substrate recognition and product transfer to the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). TRBP is composed of three double stranded RNA binding domains (dsRBDs). The RNA binding region of TRBP is composed of the first two dsRBDs and an uncharacterized interdomain region. The present study reports the in vitro biophysical characterization of the RNA binding region of TRBP in the apo state and in the RNA bound state with the two successive cytoplasmic precursors of the oncogenic human microRNA miR-155, the hairpin pre-miR-155 and the related Dicer product miR-155/miR-155* duplex. The study shows that the RNA binding region of TRBP is monomeric and comprises two independent double-stranded RNA-binding domains connected by a 60 residues flexible linker. The first dsRBD, uncharacterized previously in solution, undergoes a full folding/unfolding equilibrium in a wide range of physico-chemical conditions. The two first dsRBDs of TRBP can interact with one microRNA precursor and two RNA binding regions can interact with one precursor molecule. The RNA-binding region of TRBP interacts with both pre-miR-155 and miR-155/miR-155* duplex with similar affinities. In the complex with one RNA binding region of TRBP bound to either pre-miR-155 or miR-155/miR-155* duplex, no evidence of contact between the two dsRBDs were observed and the protein interacts with both precursors via the same protein binding surface. The data presented here suggest that the RNA binding region of TRBP can play a role before and after processing of pre-miRNAs by Dicer, including in the RISC loading complex.Les microARNs sont une classe de petits ARNs non codants qui régulent l'expression des gènes via un mecanisme d'interference par ARN. Les microARNs humains sont produits par une série de réactions enzymatiques. En particulier, dans le cytoplasme le precurseur de miRNA (pre-miRNA) est reconnu et clivé par un complexe contenant l'enzyme RNAse III Dicer et plusieurs cofacteurs protéiques. La proteine TRBP (HIV TAR RNA binding protein) est l'un de ces cofacteurs et augmente la stabilité du complexe, influe sur la cinétique, la position du clivage et a role potentiel dans la reconnaissance du substrat et dans le transfet du produit vers le complexe RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) effecteur de l'interference par ARN. TRBP est composé de 3 domaines de liaison aux ARN doubles brin (dsRBDs). La région d'interaction de TRBP avec les ARNs est composé des deux premiers dsRBDs liés par une région interdomaine non charactérizée. La présente étude rapporte la caractérisation biophysique in vitro de la région d'interaction avec les ARNs de TRBP dans l'état apo de TRBP ou dans l'état lié avec les deux precurseurs cytoplasmique successifs du microARN oncogène miR-155 comprenant la tige boucle pre-miR-155 et le duplex miR-155/miR-155* résultat du clivage de pre-miR-155 par Dicer. L'étude montre que la région d'intéraction de TRBP avec les ARNs est monomerique, est composée de deux dsRBDs independants en solution et que la région interdomaine de 60 résidus est flexible. Le premier dsRBD, non caractérisé précédement en solution est le siège d'un equilibre plié/déplié integral dans une grande gamme de conditions physico-chimiques. Les deux premiers dsRBDs de TRBP peuvent interagir avec un même precurseur de microARN et deux régions d'interaction de TRBP avec les ARNs peuvent interagir avec un même precuseur. La région d'interaction de TRBP avec les ARNs interagit avec pre-miR-155 et le duplex miR-155/miR-155* avec des affinités très similaires. Dans le complexe avec une région d'interaction de TRBP avec les ARN liée à pre-miR-155 ou au duplexe miR-155/miR-155*, aucune indice de contact entre les deux dsRBDs n'a été detecté et la protéine interagit avec les deux precurseurs par la même surface d'interaction. Les informations récoltées suggèrent que TRBP peut jouer un rôle avant et après le clivage des pre-miARN par Dicer, notamment dans le complexe de chargement de RISC

Induced folding in RNA recognition by Arabidopsis thaliana DCL1

DCL1 is the ribonuclease that carries out miRNA biogenesis in plants. The enzyme has two tandem double stranded RNA binding domains (dsRBDs) in its C-terminus. Here we show that the first of these domains binds precursor RNA fragments when isolated and cooperates with the second domain in the recognition of substrate RNA. Remarkably, despite showing RNA binding activity, this domain is intrinsically disordered. We found that it acquires a folded conformation when bound to its substrate, being the first report of a complete dsRBD folding upon binding. The free unfolded form shows tendency to adopt folded conformations, and goes through an unfolded bound state prior to the folding event. The significance of these results is discussed by comparison with the behavior of other dsRBDs.Fil: Suarez, Irina Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Burdisso, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Benoit Matthieu P. M. H.. Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean Pierre Ebel; FranciaFil: Boisbouvier, Jerome. Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean Pierre Ebel; FranciaFil: Rasia, Rodolfo Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; Argentin

Power-aware replica placement in tree networks with multiple servers per client

In this paper, we revisit the well-studied problem of replica placement in tree networks. Rather than minimizing the number of servers needed to serve all client requests, we aim at minimizing the total power consumed by these servers. In addition, we use the most general (and powerful) server assignment policy, where the requests of a client can be served by multiple servers located in the (unique) path from this client to the root of the tree. We consider multi-modal servers that can operate at a set of discrete speeds, using the dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique. The optimization problem is to determine an optimal location of the servers in the tree, as well as the speed at which each server is operated. A major result is the NP-completeness of this problem, to be contrasted with the minimization of the number of servers, which has polynomial complexity. Another important contribution is the formulation of a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) for the problem, together with the design of several polynomial-time heuristics. We assess the efficiency of these heuristics by simulation. For mid-size instances (up to 30 nodes in the tree), we evaluate their absolute performance by comparison with the optimal solution (obtained via the MILP). The most efficient heuristics provide satisfactory results, within 20% of the optimal solution