Self Consistent Molecular Field Theory for Packing in Classical Liquids

Building on a quasi-chemical formulation of solution theory, this paper proposes a self consistent molecular field theory for packing problems in classical liquids, and tests the theoretical predictions for the excess chemical potential of the hard sphere fluid. Results are given for the self consistent molecular fields obtained, and for the probabilities of occupancy of a molecular observation volume. For this system, the excess chemical potential predicted is as accurate as the most accurate prior theories, particularly the scaled particle (Percus-Yevick compressibility) theory. It is argued that the present approach is particularly simple, and should provide a basis for a molecular-scale description of more complex solutions.Comment: 6 pages and 5 figure

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Systematics of the Neotropical Genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Phylogeny, the Relevance of Non-molecular Evidence, and Species Accounts

A phylogeny of the species-rich clade of the Neotropical frog genus Leptodactylus sensu stricto is presented on the basis of a total evidence analysis of molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) and non-molecular (adult and larval morphological and behavioral characters) sampled from > 80% of the 75 currently recognized species. Our results support the monophyly of Leptodactylus sensu stricto, with Hydrolaetare placed as its sister group. The reciprocal monophyly of Hydrolaetare and Leptodactylus sensu stricto does not require that we consider Hydrolaetare as either a subgenus or synonym of Leptodactylus sensu lato. We recognize Leptodactylus sensu stricto, Hydrolaetare, Adenomera, and Lithodytes as valid monophyletic genera. Our results generally support the traditionally recognized Leptodactylus species groups, with exceptions involving only a few species that are easily accommodated without proposing new groups or significantly altering contents. The four groups form a pectinate tree, with the Leptodactylus fuscus group diverging first, followed by the L. pentadactylus group, which is sister to the L. latrans and L. melanonotus groups. To evaluate the impact of non-molecular evidence on our results, we compared our total evidence results with results obtained from analyses using only molecular data. Although non-molecular evidence comprised only 3.5% of the total evidence matrix, it had a strong impact on our total evidence results. Only one species group was monophyletic in the molecular-only analysis, and support differed in 86% of the 54 Leptodactylus clades that are shared by the results of the two analyses. Even though no non-molecular evidence was included for Hydrolaetare, exclusion of that data partition resulted in that genus being nested within Leptodactylus, demonstrating that the inclusion of a small amount of non-molecular evidence for a subset of species can alter not only the placement of those species, but also species that were not scored for those data. The evolution of several natural history and reproductive traits is considered in the light of our phylogenic framework. Invasion of rocky outcrops, larval oophagy, and use of underground reproductive chambers are restricted to species of the Leptodactylus fuscus and L. pentadactylus groups. In contrast, larval schooling, larval attendance, and more complex parental care are restricted to the L. latrans and L. melanonotus groups. Construction of foam nests is plesiomorphic in Leptodactylus but their placement varies extensively (e.g., underground chambers, surface of waterbodies, natural or excavated basins). Information on species synonymy, etymology, adult and larval morphology, advertisement call, and geographic distribution is summarized in species accounts for the 30 species of the Leptodactylus fuscus group, 17 species of the L. pentadactylus group, eight species of the L. latrans group, and 17 species of the L. melanonotus group, as well as the three species that are currently unassigned to any species group.Se presenta una filogenia del género Leptodactylus, un ciado neotropical rico en especies, basada en análises combinados de datos moleculares (marcadores nuclear y mitocondriales) y no moleculares (caracteres de la morfología de adultos y larvas así como de comportamiento) se muestrearon > 80% de las 75 especies reconocidas. Los resultados apoyan la monofília de Leptodactylus sensu stricto, con Hydrolaetare como su grupo hermano. La monofília recíproca de Hydrolaetare y Leptodactylus no requiere considerar a Hydrolaetare como un subgénero o sinónimo de Leptodactylus sensu lato. Se reconocen Leptodactylus sensu stricto, Hydrolaetare, Adenomera y Lithodytes como géneros monofiléticos válidos. Los resultados en general resuelven los grupos tradicionalmente reconocidos de Leptodactylus, con excepciones de algunas especies que son reasignadas sin la necesidad de proponer nuevos grupos o alterar significativamente el contenido de los grupos tradicionales. Los cuatro grupos de especies forman una topología pectinada donde el grupo de L. fuscus tiene una posición basal, seguido por el grupo de L. pentadactylus que es el grupo hermano al clado formado por los grupo de L. latrans y L. melanonotus. Se estimó el impacto de los datos no moleculares en los resultados, comparándose los resultados de evidencia total con los de los análises de datos moleculares solamente. Los datos no moleculares representan un 3.5% de la matriz de evidencia total, pero estos datos tuvieron un impacto significativo en los resultados del análisis de evidencia total. En el análisis estrictamente molecular solamente un grupo de especies resultó monofilético, y el apoyo difirió en 86% de los 54 ciados de Leptodactylus compartidos entre los dos análises. A pesar que datos no moleculares no fueron incluidos para Hydrolaetare, la exclusión de evidencia no molecular resultó en el género estar dentro de Leptodactylus, demostrando que la inclusión de evidencia no molecular pequeña para un subgrupo de especies altera no solamente la posición topológica de esas especies, sino tambien de las especies para las cuales dichos datos no fueron codificados. La evolución de patrones de historia natural y reprodución se evalúan en el contexto filogenético. La invasión de afloramientos rocosos y la construción de cámaras de reprodución subterraneas está limitada a los grupos de Leptodactylus fuscus y L. pentadactylus, mientras que la oofagia larval está restringida al grupo de L. pentadactylus. Por otro lado, los cárdumenes larvales, la proteción del cárdumen, y otros comportamientos parentales complejos carecterizan al clado formado por los grupos de especies de L. latrans y L. melanonotus. Los resúmenes de especies incluyen información de sinonimias, etimología, morfología de adultos y larvas, cantos, y distribución geográfica para las 30 especies del grupo de Leptodactylus fuscus, 17 especies del grupo L. pentadactylus, ocho especies del grupo de L. latrans, 17 especies del grupo de L. melanonotus, así como para las tres especies que actualmente no se encuentran asociadas a ninguno de los grupos de especies.Taran Grant was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Proc. 307001/2011-3 and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Proc. 2012/10000-5

Policies And Practices In Mental Health: The Evidence In Question [políticas E Práticas Em Saúde Mental: As Evidências Em Questão]

The paper analyzes some current questions related to the choice of evidence in order to provide guidelines for public policy and practices in mental health care. It starts with a critical reflection on the categories of evidence proposed by Evidence-Based Medicine, and also the concept of qualitative evidence. The issue is analyzed specifically in relation to mental health care users and their demands to have services organized in a way that incorporates their perceptions and values, and to the Psychiatric Reform field proper firmly grounded in ethical and political precepts.181027972805Sackett, D.L., Rosemberg, W.M., Gray, J.A., Haynes, R.B., Richardson, W.S., Evidence-based medicine: What is and what is not (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 71-72Morin, E., (2000) Ciência com consciência, , Rio de Janeiro: Editora BertrandAmarante, P., (1998) Loucos pela vida: A trajetória da Reforma Psiquiátrica no Brasil, , coordenador, Rio de Janeiro: Ed. FiocruzDuncan, B.B., Schmidt, M.I., A prática da Medicina Ambulatorial Baseada em Evidências (2004) Medicina Ambulatorial: Condutas de atenção primária baseada em evidências, , In: Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Giugliani ERJ, organizadores., Porto Alegre: Art MédicaOxford Centre for evidence-based Medicin-Levels of Evidence (march/2009), , www.cebm.net/o=1025, Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, [página na Internet]. [acessado 2013 jul 23]. Disponível emBueno, F.S., (1974) Grande Dicionário Etimológico-Prosódico da Língua Portuguesa, , São Paulo: Editora Brasília LimitadaProjeto de Diretrizes da AMB e CFM, , www.projetodiretrizes.org.br/amb.php, Associação Médica Brasileira, [página na Internet]. [acessado 2013 jul 2013]. Projeto DIretrizes AMB. ANS. CFM. Disponível emAnthony, W., Rogers, E.S., Farkas, M., Research on Evidence-Based Practices: Future Direction in an Era of Recovery (2003) Community Ment Health J, 39 (2), pp. 101-114Habermas, J., (1990) Teoría y Praxis: Estúdios de filosofia social, , Madrid: Editorial TecnosDeegam, P., Recovery: The lived experience of rehabilitation (1988) Psychosocial rehabilitation Journal, 11 (4), pp. 11-19Costa-Rosa, A., Luzio, C.A., Yasui, S., As Conferências Nacionais de Saúde Mental e as premissas do Modo Psicossocial (2001) Saúde em Debate, 25 (58), pp. 12-25Pitta, A., (1998) Reabilitação Psicossocial, , São Paulo: editora HucitecCampos, G.W.S., Cogestão e neoartesanato: Elementos conceituais para repensar o trabalho em saúde com autonomia e responsabilidade (2010) Cien Saude Colet, 15 (5), pp. 2337-2344Campos, G.W.S., Minayo, M.C.S., Akerman, M., Drumond Jr., M., Carvalho, Y.M., (2006) Tratado de Saúde Coletiva, , organizadores., São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro: Editora Hucitec, Fiocruz(2007) Ética a Nicômaco, , Aristóteles., Bauru, São Paulo: Editora EdiproKant, E., (1959) Crítica da razão prática, , São Paulo: Brasil EditoraHeidegger, M., La question de la technique (1958) Essais et conferences, pp. 9-49. , In: Heidegger M., Paris: GallimardCampos, G.W., Clínica e saúde coletiva compartilhadas: Teoria Paideia e reformulação ampliada do trabalho em saúde (2006) Tratado de Saúde Coletiva, , In: Campos GWS, Minayo MCS, Akerman M, Drumond Júnior M, Carvalho YM, organizadores., São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro: Editora Hucitec: FiocruzSurjus, L.T., de Le, S., Campos, R.O., A avaliação dos usuários sobre os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) de Campinas, SP Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam, 14 (1), pp. 122-133Vasconcelos, E.M., (2003) O poder que brota da dor e da opressão: Empowerment, sua história, teorias e estratégias, , São Paulo: PaulusPresotto, R.F., (2013) Participação de Usuários de Serviços de Saúde Mental em Pesquisas: Um olhar a partir dos conceitos de Empowerment e Recovery, , [dissertação]. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de CampinasArendt, H., (2008) A promessa da política, , Rio de Janeiro: DifelCastoriadis, C., (1986) A instituição imaginária da sociedade, , Rio de Janeiro: Paz e TerraTurner, E.H., Matthews, A.M., Linardatos, E., Tell, R.A., Rosenthal, R., Selective Publication of AntidepressantTrials and Its Influence on Apparent Efficacy (2008) N Engl J Med, 358 (3), pp. 252-260Lecomte, Y., Développer de meilleures pratiques (2003) Santé mentale au Québec, 28 (1), pp. 9-36Gómez, C.C., Se puede integrar la evidencia procedente de la investigación cualitativa y la cuantitativa (2004) FMC, 11 (3), pp. 157-178Ross, C., Brownson, Jamie F. Chriqui, and Katherine A. Stamatakis. Understanding Evidence-Based Public Health Policy (2009) Am J Public Health, 99 (9), pp. 1576-158

Factor analysis of the Big Five Questionnaire using polychoric correlations in children

Polychoric correlations, Big Five, Personality, Children,

What every reader should know about studies using electronic health record data but may be afraid to ask

10.2196/22219Journal of Medical Internet Research233e2221