Educação popular em Portugal: professores em defesa das Escolas Primárias Superiores (Porto, 1925)

This paper presents results of a historical research on organized action of teachers at the very end of the First Portuguese Republic. Guided by Norberto Bobbio’s reflections on intellectuals and power, this paper highlights the work of teachers who starred in significant changes in the history of the curriculum of higher primary schools existing then in Portugal. Organized around a guild – Guild of Teachers of Higher Primary Schools, whose official organ was entitled O Ensino do Povo –, such teachers promoted a campaign in defense of the schools where they were teaching, in response to criticism and threats of extinction that hovered over them. Once completed the investigation, it was possible to say that the organized work of these teachers allowed for the promotion of education reforms, so to speak, “from bottom to up”.Keywords: intellectuals, popular education, First Portuguese Republic.Este trabalho apresenta resultados de investigação histórica sobre a atuação organizada de professores no apagar das luzes da Primeira República portuguesa. Orientado pelas reflexões de Norberto Bobbio sobre os intelectuais e o poder, destaca a atuação de um grupo de professores que protagonizou mudanças curriculares significativas na história das escolas primárias superiores, então existentes em Portugal. Organizados em torno de um grêmio – Grêmio dos Professores de Escolas Primárias Superiores, cujo órgão oficial intitulava-se O Ensino do Povo –, tais professores promoveram uma campanha em defesa das escolas em que lecionavam, em resposta às críticas e ameaças de extinção que pairavam sobre elas. Uma vez concluída a investigação, foi possível afirmar que a atuação organizada desses professores possibilitou a promoção de reformas do ensino, por assim dizer, “de baixo para cima”.Palavras-chave: intelectuais, educação popular, Primeira República Portuguesa

All-ceramic and porcelain-fused-to-metal fixed partial dentures: a comparative study by 2D finite element analyses

All-ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs) have an esthetic approach for oral rehabilitation. However, metal-ceramic FPDs are best indicated in the posterior area where the follow-up studies found a lower failure rate. This 2D finite element study compared the stress distribution on 3-unit all-ceramic and metal-ceramic FPDs and identified the areas of major risk of failure. Three FPD models were designed: (1) metal-ceramic FPD; (2) All-ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain on the occlusal and cervical surface of the abutment tooth; (3) All-ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain only on the occlusal surface. A 100 N load was applied in an area of 0.5 mm² on the working cusps, following these simulations: (1) on the abutment teeth and the pontic; (2) only on the abutment teeth; and (3) only on the pontic. Relative to the maximum stress values found for the physiological load, all-ceramic FPD with only occlusal veneering porcelain produced the lowest stress value (220 MPa), followed by all-ceramic FPD with cervical veneering porcelain (322 MPa) and metal-ceramic FPD (387 MPa). The stress distribution of the load applied on the abutments was significantly better compared to the other two load simulations. The highest principal stress values were low and limited in a small area for the three types of models under this load. When the load was applied on the pontic, the highest stress values appeared on the connector areas between the abutments and pontic. In conclusion, the best stress values and distribution were found for the all-ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain only on the occlusal surface. However, in under clinical conditions, fatigue conditions and restoration defects must be considered

Imágenes de mujeres y educación no formal: representaciones corporales en la prensa ilustrada

This investigation analyses photographic images in the press from the beginning of the 20th century and explores the contemporary non-formal education of women in Portugal and Brazil. The study reflects on the diffusion of representations through photographic language, and on its role in the non-formal education of women. The theory of social representations offers theoretical and methodological support to the study. The data obtained with the analysis of scenarios, facial expressions, accessories, ornaments and body postures were treated by content analysis. The results indicate that these elements spread both existing conventions and new ideas, expressed by the coexistence of different aesthetic and compositional elements in the same image. This study contributes to the debate about the role of body images in the diffusion of social representations and the re-signification of these representations, and the implication for contemporary non-formal education.A investigação analisa imagens fotográficas na imprensa no início do século XX e explora a educação contemporânea não-formal de mulheres em Portugal e no Brasil. O estudo reflete sobre a difusão de representações através da linguagem fotográfica e sobre o seu papel na educação não-formal de mulheres. A teoria das representações sociais oferece o suporte teórico-metodológico ao estudo. Os dados obtidos com a análise de cenários, expressões faciais, acessórios, ornamentos e posturas corporais foram tratados pela análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que esses elementos difundem tanto as convenções existentes na época, quanto novas ideias, expressas pela coexistência de distintos elementos estéticos e composicionais na mesma imagem. O estudo contribui para o debate acerca do papel das imagens de corpo na difusão de representações sociais e na ressignificação dessas representações, e da sua implicação na educação não-formal contemporâneaLa investigación analiza imágenes fotográficas en la prensa a principios del siglo XX y explora la educación no formal contemporánea para mujeres en Portugal y Brasil. El estudio refleja sobre la difusión de las representaciones a través del lenguaje fotográfico y sobre su papel en la educación no formal de las mujeres. La teoría de las representaciones sociales ofrece soporte teórico y metodológico al estudio. Los datos obtenidos con el análisis de escenarios, expresiones faciales, accesorios, adornos y posturas corporales fueron tratados mediante análisis de contenido. Los resultados indican que estos elementos difunden tanto las convenciones existentes en la época, como las nuevas ideas, expresadas por la coexistencia de diferentes elementos estéticos y compositivos en una misma imagen. El estudio contribuye al debate sobre el papel de las imágenes corporales en la difusión de las representaciones sociales y la resignificación de estas representaciones, y su implicación en la educación no formal contemporánea.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Colaboração e supervisão na ADD: Estratégias formativas de desenvolvimento profissional dos professores

A Avaliação do Desempenho Docente (ADD) assenta os seus pressupostos na observação de aulas entre pares, pelo que importa conhecer até que ponto esta tem contribuído para a melhoria das práticas pedagógicas e para o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores. Optou-se por realizar um Estudo de Caso, recorrendo-se a uma abordagem mista, qualitativa e quantitativa. Os sujeitos participantes, num total de 108, são docentes de um Agrupamento de Escolas da Região Centro. A avaliação pelos pares internos parece ter envolvido os docentes no processo de observação de aulas, ao ponto de, ter ocorrido trabalho colaborativo e práticas reflexivas

The influence of the loading mode on the stress distribution on the connector region of metal-ceramic and all-ceramic fixed partial denture.

Studies pertaining to the mechanical behavior of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) frequently found the highest tensile stress values at the connector region when load is applied at the pontic central region. The connector region is considered the weakest point of the prosthesis with the greatest potential of fractures, regardless of the material used. This 2D finite element study compared the stress distribution on three‐element all‐ceramic and metal‐ceramic FPDs with different loading conditions. Three FPD models were designed: (i) metal‐ceramic FPD; (ii) all‐ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain only on the occlusal face; and (iii) all‐ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain on the occlusal and cervical face of the pontic. Loads of 100 N were applied following these simulations: (i) distributed on all working cusps; (ii) only on the abutment teeth; and (iii) only on the pontic. There is a significant change on the stress distribution and on the tensile stress values when the load configuration is changed. The stress distribution from the load applied on the abutments was significantly better compared with the other two load simulations. When the loads were applied on the pontic and distributed on all working cusps, the highest tensile stress values appeared on the cervical region of the connectors between the abutments and the pontic. However, when the load was applied on the abutment teeth, the maximum tensile stress value significantly decreased and was located on the occlusal region of the connectors. In fact, the load applied on the pontic region does not simulate the clinical situation. Studies using this load configuration have overestimated the connector regions as having the highest probability of failures.Indisponível

Mechanical and fracture behavior of metal-ceramic and all-ceram full crowns

The present study aimed to compare the mechanical and fracture behavior of premolar teeth restored with metal-ceramic and In-Ceram ALUMINA® full crowns.Indisponível

Guidelines from the Brazilian society of surgical oncology regarding indications and technical aspects of neck dissection in papillary, follicular, and medullary thyroid cancers

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of these guidelines is to provide specific recommendations for the surgical treatment of neck metastases in patients with papillary, follicular, and medullary thyroid carcinomas. Materials and methods: Recommendations were developed based on research of scientific articles (preferentially meta-analyses) and guidelines issued by international medical specialty societies. The American College of Physicians’ Guideline Grading System was used to determine the levels of evidence and grades of recommendations. The following questions were answered: A) Is elective neck dissection indicated in the treatment of papillary, follicular, and medullary thyroid carcinoma? B) When should central, lateral, and modified radical neck dissection be performed? C) Could molecular tests guide the extent of the neck dissection? Results/conclusion: Recommendation 1: Elective central neck dissection is not indicated in patients with cN0 well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma or in those with noninvasive T1 and T2 tumors but may be considered in T3-T4 tumors or in the presence of metastases in the lateral neck compartments. Recommendation 2: Elective central neck dissection is recommended in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Recommendation 3: Selective neck dissection of levels II–V should be indicated to treat neck metastases in papillary thyroid cancer, an approach that decreases the risk of recurrence and mortality. Recommendation 4: Compartmental neck dissection is indicated in the treatment of lymph node recurrence after elective or therapeutic neck dissection; “berry node picking” is not recommended. Recommendation 5: There are currently no recommendations regarding the use of molecular tests in guiding the extent of neck dissection in thyroid cancer

All-ceramic and porcelain-fused-to-metal fixed partial dentures: a comparative study by 2D finite element analyses

All-ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs) have an esthetic approach for oral rehabilitation. However, metal-ceramic FPDs are best indicated in the posterior area where the follow-up studies found a lower failure rate. This 2D finite element study compared the stress distribution on 3-unit all-ceramic and metal-ceramic FPDs and identified the areas of major risk of failure. Three FPD models were designed: (1) metal-ceramic FPD; (2) All-ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain on the occlusal and cervical surface of the abutment tooth; (3) All-ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain only on the occlusal surface. A 100 N load was applied in an area of 0.5 mm² on the working cusps, following these simulations: (1) on the abutment teeth and the pontic; (2) only on the abutment teeth; and (3) only on the pontic. Relative to the maximum stress values found for the physiological load, all-ceramic FPD with only occlusal veneering porcelain produced the lowest stress value (220 MPa), followed by all-ceramic FPD with cervical veneering porcelain (322 MPa) and metal-ceramic FPD (387 MPa). The stress distribution of the load applied on the abutments was significantly better compared to the other two load simulations. The highest principal stress values were low and limited in a small area for the three types of models under this load. When the load was applied on the pontic, the highest stress values appeared on the connector areas between the abutments and pontic. In conclusion, the best stress values and distribution were found for the all-ceramic FPD with the veneering porcelain only on the occlusal surface. However, in under clinical conditions, fatigue conditions and restoration defects must be considered