Numerical weather Simulations in Support to the CCU CAML Lidar Measurements: Preliminary Results for the Case Study of 21st September 2006

The report describes a series of weather numerical mesoscale simulations performed in high resolution to understand to which extent the lidar-detected evolution of the particles distribution along the vertical could be explained by the boundary layer and/or horizontal transport processes. A particular stress was put on investigation of boundary layer parameters. The case study of 21st September was chosen for simulations, when the CCU-CAML lidar at Ispra registered quite high values of aerosols up to 1 km altitude, and the lidar revealed a descent of the highest aerosol loads towards the ground during the morning.JRC.H.4-Transport and air qualit

Multiannual assessment of the desert dust impact on air quality in Italy combining PM10 data with physics-based and geostatistical models

Desert dust storms pose real threats to air quality and health of millions of people in source regions, with associated impacts extending to downwind areas. Europe (EU) is frequently affected by atmospheric transport of desert dust from the Northern Africa and Middle East drylands. This investigation aims at quantifying the role of desert dust transport events on air quality (AQ) over Italy, which is among the EU countries most impacted by this phenomenon. We focus on the particulate matter (PM) metrics regulated by the EU AQ Directive. In particular, we use multiannual (2006–2012) PM10 records collected in hundreds monitoring sites within the national AQ network to quantify daily and annual contributions of dust during transport episodes. The methodology followed was built on specific European Commission guidelines released to evaluate the natural contributions to the measured PM-levels, and was partially modified, tested and adapted to the Italian case in a previous study. Overall, we show that impact of dust on the yearly average PM10 has a clear latitudinal gradient (from less than 1 to greater than 10 µg/m3 going from north to south Italy), this feature being mainly driven by an increased number of dust episodes per year with decreasing latitude. Conversely, the daily-average dust-PM10 (≅12 µg/m3) is more homogenous over the country and shown to be mainly influenced by the site type, with enhanced values in more urbanized locations. This study also combines the PM10 measurements-approach with geostatistical modelling. In particular, exploiting the dust-PM10 dataset obtained at site- and daily-resolution over Italy, a geostatistical, random-forest model was set up to derive a daily, spatially-continuous field of desert-dust PM10 at high (1-km) resolution. This finely resolved information represent the basis for a follow up investigation of both acute and chronic health effects of desert dust over Italy, stemming from daily and annual exposures, respectively.This work was performed as an ‘After-LIFE’ activity of the EU LIFE+2010 DIAPASON project (LIFE+10 ENV/IT/391) and is a contributing activity to the COST Action InDust (CA16202) and to the EU ERA4CS project DustClim (Grant n. 690462). We thank the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC, http://www.bsc.es/earth-sciences/mineral-dust-forecast-system/) for maintaining the BSC-DREAM8b daily dust forecasts used in this study. S. Basart acknowledges AXA Research Fund for supporting the long-term mineral dust research at the Earth Sciences Department at BSC. N. Alvan Romero carried out this research during an internship at ISAC-CNR under the supervision of F. Barnaba. Constructive comments by Jorge Pey and two other anonymous Reviewers are also gratefully acknowledged.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

JRC Ispra EMEP-GAW Regional Station for Atmospheric Research - 2007 Report

The aim of the JRC-Ispra station for atmospheric research (45°49'N, 8°38'E) is to monitor atmospheric parameters (pollutant concentrations and fluxes, atmospheric particle chemical composition, number size distribution and optical properties) to contribute in assessing the impact of European policies on air pollution and climate change. The station has been operated continuously since November 1985, with a gap in gas phase data due to a severe breakdown of the data acquisition system in 2003 though. The measurements performed in 2007 led to annual averages of ca. 32 µg m-3 O3, 0.8 µg m-3 SO2, 21 µg m-3 NO2 and 30 µg m-3 PM10. Carbonaceous species (organic matter plus elemental carbon) are the main constituents of PM2.5 (> 55 %) followed by NH4NO3 (20-30 %) and (NH4)2SO4 (10-20 %). The measurements confirmed the seasonal variations observed over the previous years, mainly driven by meteorology rather than by changes in emissions. Aerosol physical and optical properties were also measured in 2007. The average particle number (from 10 nm to 10 µm) was about 9200 cm-3 in 2007. The mean (close to dry) aerosol single scattering albedo (0.79) was low compared to the values generally observed in Europe, which means that the cooling effect of aerosols is reduced in our region compared to others. Long-term trends (over 20 years) show consistent decreases in sulfur concentrations and deposition, PM mass concentration (-0.9 µg m-3 yr-1) and in extreme ozone value occurrence frequency. The decreasing trends in oxidised and reduced nitrogen species are much less pronounced. However, historical minimum in NO3-, NH4+, (and SO42-) wet deposition, as well as in O3 pollution indicators (AOT40 and SOMO35) were observed in 2007.JRC.H.2-Climate chang

Overview: On the transport and transformation of pollutants in the outflow of major population centres – observational data from the EMeRGe European intensive operational period in summer 2017

Megacities and other major population centres (MPCs) worldwide are major sources of air pollution, both locally as well as downwind. The overall assessment and prediction of the impact of MPC pollution on tropospheric chemistry are challenging. The present work provides an overview of the highlights of a major new contribution to the understanding of this issue based on the data and analysis of the EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional to Global scales) international project. EMeRGe focuses on atmospheric chemistry, dynamics, and transport of local and regional pollution originating in MPCs. Airborne measurements, taking advantage of the long range capabilities of the High Altitude and LOng Range Research Aircraft (HALO, https://www.halo-spp.de, last access: 22 March 2022), are a central part of the project. The synergistic use and consistent interpretation of observational data sets of different spatial and temporal resolution (e.g. from ground-based networks, airborne campaigns, and satellite measurements) supported by modelling within EMeRGe provide unique insight to test the current understanding of MPC pollution outflows. In order to obtain an adequate set of measurements at different spatial scales, two field experiments were positioned in time and space to contrast situations when the photochemical transformation of plumes emerging from MPCs is large. These experiments were conducted in summer 2017 over Europe and in the inter-monsoon period over Asia in spring 2018. The intensive observational periods (IOPs) involved HALO airborne measurements of ozone and its precursors, volatile organic compounds, aerosol particles, and related species as well as coordinated ground-based ancillary observations at different sites. Perfluorocarbon (PFC) tracer releases and model forecasts supported the flight planning, the identification of pollution plumes, and the analysis of chemical transformations during transport. This paper describes the experimental deployment and scientific questions of the IOP in Europe. The MPC targets – London (United Kingdom; UK), the Benelux/Ruhr area (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany), Paris (France), Rome and the Po Valley (Italy), and Madrid and Barcelona (Spain) – were investigated during seven HALO research flights with an aircraft base in Germany for a total of 53 flight hours. An in-flight comparison of HALO with the collaborating UK-airborne platform Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) took place to assure accuracy and comparability of the instrumentation on board. Overall, EMeRGe unites measurements of near- and far-field emissions and hence deals with complex air masses of local and distant sources. Regional transport of several European MPC outflows was successfully identified and measured. Chemical processing of the MPC emissions was inferred from airborne observations of primary and secondary pollutants and the ratios between species having different chemical lifetimes. Photochemical processing of aerosol and secondary formation or organic acids was evident during the transport of MPC plumes. Urban plumes mix efficiently with natural sources as mineral dust and with biomass burning emissions from vegetation and forest fires. This confirms the importance of wildland fire emissions in Europe and indicates an important but discontinuous contribution to the European emission budget that might be of relevance in the design of efficient mitigation strategies. The present work provides an overview of the most salient results in the European context, with these being addressed in more detail within additional dedicated EMeRGe studies. The deployment and results obtained in Asia will be the subject of separate publications.The HALO deployment during EMeRGe was funded by a consortium comprising the German Research Foundation (DFG) Priority Program HALO-SPP 1294, the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of DLR, the Max Planck Society (MPG), and the Helmholtz Association. Flora Kluge, Benjamin Schreiner, and Klaus Pfeilsticker acknowledge the support given by the DFG through the project nos. PF 384-16, PF 384-17, and PG 385-19. Ralf Koppmann and Marc Krebsbach acknowledge DFG funding through project no. KR3861_1-1. Katja Bigge acknowledges additional funding from the Heidelberg Graduate School for Physics. Johannes Schneider, Katharina Kaiser, and Stephan Borrmann acknowledge funding through the DFG (project no. 316589531). Lisa Eirenschmalz and Hans Schlager acknowledge support by DFG through project MEPOLL (SCHL1857/4-1). Anna B. Kalisz Hedegaard would like to thank DAAD and DLR for a Research Fellowship. Hans Schlager acknowledge financial support by the DLR TraK (Transport and Climate) project. Michael Sicard acknowledges support from the EU (GA nos. 654109, 778349, 871115, and 101008004) and the Spanish Government (ref. nos. CGL2017-90884-REDT, PID2019-103886RB-I00, RTI2018-096548-B-I00, and MDM-2016-0600). Midhun George, Yangzhuoran Liu, M. Dolores Andrés Hernández, and John Phillip Burrows acknowledge financial support from the University of Bremen. FLEXPART simulations were performed on the HPC cluster Aether at the University of Bremen, financed by DFG within the scope of the Excellence Initiative. Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt was partly funded through the CAMS-84 project. Jennifer Wolf acknowledges support from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy – BMWi (project Digitally optimized Engineering for Services – DoEfS; contract no. 20X1701B). Theresa Harlass thanks DLR VOR for funding the young investigator research group “Greenhouse Gases”. Mariano Mertens, Patrick Jöckel, and Markus Kilian acknowledge resources of the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) granted by the WLA project ID bd0617 for the MECO(n) simulations and the financial support from the DLR projects TraK (Transport und Klima) and the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association through the project “Advanced Earth System Modelling Capacity” (ESM). Bruna A. Holanda acknowledges the funding from Brazilian CNPq (process 200723/2015-4).Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 53 autors/es: M. Dolores Andrés Hernández (1), Andreas Hilboll (2), Helmut Ziereis (3), Eric Förster (4), Ovid O. Krüger (5), Katharina Kaiser (6,7), Johannes Schneider (7), Francesca Barnaba (8), Mihalis Vrekoussis (2,18), Jörg Schmidt (9), Heidi Huntrieser (3), Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt (1), Midhun George (1), Vladyslav Nenakhov (1,a), Theresa Harlass (3), Bruna A. Holanda (5), Jennifer Wolf (3), Lisa Eirenschmalz (3), Marc Krebsbach (10), Mira L. Pöhlker (5,b), Anna B. Kalisz Hedegaard (3,2), Linlu Mei (1), Klaus Pfeilsticker (11), Yangzhuoran Liu (1), Ralf Koppmann (10), Hans Schlager (3), Birger Bohn (12), Ulrich Schumann (3), Andreas Richter (1), Benjamin Schreiner (11), Daniel Sauer (3), Robert Baumann (3), Mariano Mertens (3), Patrick Jöckel (3), Markus Kilian (3), Greta Stratmann (3,c,) Christopher Pöhlker (5), Monica Campanelli (8), Marco Pandolfi (13), Michael Sicard (14,15), José L. Gómez-Amo (16), Manuel Pujadas (17), Katja Bigge (11), Flora Kluge (11), Anja Schwarz (9), Nikos Daskalakis (2), David Walter (5), Andreas Zahn (4), Ulrich Pöschl (5), Harald Bönisch (4), Stephan Borrmann (6,7), Ulrich Platt (11), and John P. Burrows (1) // (1) Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; (2) Laboratory for Modeling and Observation of the Earth System, Institute of Environmental Physics, Bremen, Germany; (3) Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; (4) Atmospheric Trace Gases and Remote Sensing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany; (5) Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; (6) Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, (7) Particle Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; (8) National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Rome, Italy; (9) Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; (10) Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; (11) Institute for Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, (12) Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; (13) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain; (14) CommSensLab, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; (15) Ciències i Tecnologies de l’Espai-Centre de Recerca de l’Aeronàutica i de l’Espai/Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; (16) Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain; (17) Atmospheric Pollution Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (Ciemat), Madrid, Spain; (18) Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus anow at: Flight Experiments, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, GermanyPostprint (published version

The MONARCH high-resolution reanalysis of desert dust aerosol over Northern Africa, the Middle East and Europe (2007-2016)

One of the challenges in studying desert dust aerosol along with its numerous interactions and impacts is the paucity of direct in-situ measurements, particularly in the areas most affected by dust storms. Satellites typically provide columnintegrated aerosol measurements, but observationally-constrained continuous 3D dust fields are needed to assess dust variability, climate effects and impacts upon a variety of socio-economic sectors. Here, we present a high resolution regional reanalysis data set of desert dust aerosols that covers Northern Africa, the Middle East and Europe along with the Mediterranean sea and parts of Central Asia, and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans between 2007 and 2016. The horizontal resolution is 0.1° latitude × 0.1° longitude, and the temporal resolution is 3 hours. The reanalysis was produced using Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) data assimilation in the Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) developed at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC). The assimilated data are coarse-mode dust optical depth retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue Level 2 products. The reanalysis data set consists of upper air (dust mass concentrations and extinction coefficient), surface (dust deposition and solar irradiance fields, among them) and total column (e.g., dust optical depth and load) variables. Some dust variables, such as concentrations and wet and dry deposition, are expressed for a binned size distribution that ranges from 0.2 to 20 μm in particle diameter. Both analysis and first-guess (analysis-initialized simulation) fields are available for the variables that are diagnosed from the state vector.We acknowledge the DustClim project which is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant n. 690462)

First Results of the “Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs (CARE)” Experiment: Beyond Current Standards for PM10

In February 2017 the “Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs (CARE)” experiment was carried out in downtown Rome to address the following specific questions: what is the color, size, composition, and toxicity of the carbonaceous aerosol in the Mediterranean urban background area of Rome? The motivation of this experiment is the lack of understanding of what aerosol types are responsible for the severe risks to human health posed by particulate matter (PM) pollution, and how carbonaceous aerosols influence radiative balance. Physicochemical properties of the carbonaceous aerosol were characterised, and relevant toxicological variables assessed. The aerosol characterisation includes: (i) measurements with high time resolution (min to 1–2 h) at a fixed location of black carbon (eBC), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), particle number size distribution (0.008–10 μ m), major non refractory PM1 components, elemental composition, wavelength-dependent optical properties, and atmospheric turbulence; (ii) 24-h measurements of PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentration, water soluble OC and brown carbon (BrC), and levoglucosan; (iii) mobile measurements of eBC and size distribution around the study area, with computational fluid dynamics modeling; (iv) characterisation of road dust emissions and their EC and OC content. The toxicological assessment includes: (i) preliminary evaluation of the potential impact of ultrafine particles on lung epithelia cells (cultured at the air liquid interface and directly exposed to particles); (ii) assessment of the oxidative stress induced by carbonaceous aerosols; (iii) assessment of particle size dependent number doses deposited in different regions of the human body; (iv) PAHs biomonitoring (from the participants into the mobile measurements). The first experimental results of the CARE experiment are presented in this paper. The objective here is to provide baseline levels of carbonaceous aerosols for Rome, and to address future research directions. First, we found that BC and EC mass concentration in Rome are larger than those measured in similar urban areas across Europe (the urban background mass concentration of eBC in Rome in winter being on average 2.6 ± 2.5 μ g · m − 3 , mean eBC at the peak level hour being 5.2 (95% CI = 5.0–5.5) μ g · m − 3 ). Then, we discussed significant variations of carbonaceous aerosol properties occurring with time scales of minutes, and questioned on the data averaging period used in current air quality standard for PM 10 (24-h). Third, we showed that the oxidative potential induced by aerosol depends on particle size and composition, the effects of toxicity being higher with lower mass concentrations and smaller particle size. Albeit this is a preliminary analysis, findings reinforce the need for an urgent update of existing air quality standards for PM 10 and PM 2.5 with regard to particle composition and size distribution, and data averaging period. Our results reinforce existing concerns about the toxicity of carbonaceous aerosols, support the existing evidence indicating that particle size distribution and composition may play a role in the generation of this toxicity, and remark the need to consider a shorter averaging period (<1 h) in these new standards

Iron capture through CD71 drives perinatal and tumor-associated Treg expansion

: Beside suppressing immune responses, regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain tissue homeostasis and control systemic metabolism. Whether iron is involved in Treg-mediated tolerance is completely unknown. Here, we showed that the transferrin receptor CD71 was upregulated on activated Tregs infiltrating human liver cancer. Mice with a Treg-restricted CD71 deficiency spontaneously developed a scurfy-like disease, caused by impaired perinatal Treg expansion. CD71-null Tregs displayed decreased proliferation and tissue-Treg signature loss. In perinatal life, CD71 deficiency in Tregs triggered hepatic iron overload response, characterized by increased hepcidin transcription and iron accumulation in macrophages. Lower bacterial diversity, and reduction of beneficial species, were detected in the fecal microbiota of CD71 conditional knock-out neonates. Our findings indicate that CD71-mediated iron absorption is required for Treg perinatal expansion and related to systemic iron homeostasis and bacterial gut colonization. Therefore, we hypothesize that Tregs establish nutritional tolerance through competition for iron during bacterial colonization after birth

Overview: On the transport and transformation of pollutants in the outflow of major population centres – observational data from the EMeRGe European intensive operational period in summer 2017

Megacities and other major population centres (MPCs) worldwide are major sources of air pollution, both locally as well as downwind. The overall assessment and prediction of the impact of MPC pollution on tropospheric chemistry are challenging. The present work provides an overview of the highlights of a major new contribution to the understanding of this issue based on the data and analysis of the EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional to Global scales) international project. EMeRGe focuses on atmospheric chemistry, dynamics, and transport of local and regional pollution originating in MPCs. Airborne measurements, taking advantage of the long range capabilities of the High Altitude and LOng Range Research Aircraft (HALO, https://www.halo-spp.de, last access: 22 March 2022), are a central part of the project. The synergistic use and consistent interpretation of observational data sets of different spatial and temporal resolution (e.g. from ground-based networks, airborne campaigns, and satellite measurements) supported by modelling within EMeRGe provide unique insight to test the current understanding of MPC pollution outflows. In order to obtain an adequate set of measurements at different spatial scales, two field experiments were positioned in time and space to contrast situations when the photochemical transformation of plumes emerging from MPCs is large. These experiments were conducted in summer 2017 over Europe and in the inter-monsoon period over Asia in spring 2018. The intensive observational periods (IOPs) involved HALO airborne measurements of ozone and its precursors, volatile organic compounds, aerosol particles, and related species as well as coordinated ground-based ancillary observations at different sites. Perfluorocarbon (PFC) tracer releases and model forecasts supported the flight planning, the identification of pollution plumes, and the analysis of chemical transformations during transport. This paper describes the experimental deployment and scientific questions of the IOP in Europe. The MPC targets – London (United Kingdom; UK), the Benelux/Ruhr area (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany), Paris (France), Rome and the Po Valley (Italy), and Madrid and Barcelona (Spain) – were investigated during seven HALO research flights with an aircraft base in Germany for a total of 53 flight hours. An in-flight comparison of HALO with the collaborating UK-airborne platform Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) took place to assure accuracy and comparability of the instrumentation on board. Overall, EMeRGe unites measurements of near- and far-field emissions and hence deals with complex air masses of local and distant sources. Regional transport of several European MPC outflows was successfully identified and measured. Chemical processing of the MPC emissions was inferred from airborne observations of primary and secondary pollutants and the ratios between species having different chemical lifetimes. Photochemical processing of aerosol and secondary formation or organic acids was evident during the transport of MPC plumes. Urban plumes mix efficiently with natural sources as mineral dust and with biomass burning emissions from vegetation and forest fires. This confirms the importance of wildland fire emissions in Europe and indicates an important but discontinuous contribution to the European emission budget that might be of relevance in the design of efficient mitigation strategies. The present work provides an overview of the most salient results in the European context, with these being addressed in more detail within additional dedicated EMeRGe studies. The deployment and results obtained in Asia will be the subject of separate publications

Consensus guidelines for the detection of immunogenic cell death

none82siApoptotic cells have long been considered as intrinsically tolerogenic or unable to elicit immune responses specific for dead cell-associated antigens. However, multiple stimuli can trigger a functionally peculiar type of apoptotic demise that does not go unnoticed by the adaptive arm of the immune system, which we named "immunogenic cell death" (ICD). ICD is preceded or accompanied by the emission of a series of immunostimulatory damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in a precise spatiotemporal configuration. Several anticancer agents that have been successfully employed in the clinic for decades, including various chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy, can elicit ICD. Moreover, defects in the components that underlie the capacity of the immune system to perceive cell death as immunogenic negatively influence disease outcome among cancer patients treated with ICD inducers. Thus, ICD has profound clinical and therapeutic implications. Unfortunately, the gold-standard approach to detect ICD relies on vaccination experiments involving immunocompetent murine models and syngeneic cancer cells, an approach that is incompatible with large screening campaigns. Here, we outline strategies conceived to detect surrogate markers of ICD in vitro and to screen large chemical libraries for putative ICD inducers, based on a high-content, high-throughput platform that we recently developed. Such a platform allows for the detection of multiple DAMPs, like cell surface-exposed calreticulin, extracellular ATP and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and/or the processes that underlie their emission, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and necrotic plasma membrane permeabilization. We surmise that this technology will facilitate the development of next-generation anticancer regimens, which kill malignant cells and simultaneously convert them into a cancer-specific therapeutic vaccine.Kepp, Oliver; Senovilla, Laura; Vitale, Ilio; Vacchelli, Erika; Adjemian, Sandy; Agostinis, Patrizia; Apetoh, Lionel; Aranda, Fernando; Barnaba, Vincenzo; Bloy, Norma; Bracci, Laura; Breckpot, Karine; Brough, David; Buqué, Aitziber; Castro, Maria G; Cirone, Mara; Colombo, Maria I; Cremer, Isabelle; Demaria, Sandra; Dini, Luciana; Eliopoulos, Aristides G; Faggioni, Alberto; Formenti, Silvia C; Fučíková, Jitka; Gabriele, Lucia; Gaipl, Udo S; Galon, Jérôme; Garg, Abhishek; Ghiringhelli, François; Giese, Nathalia A; Guo, Zong Sheng; Hemminki, Akseli; Herrmann, Martin; Hodge, James W; Holdenrieder, Stefan; Honeychurch, Jamie; Hu, Hong-Min; Huang, Xing; Illidge, Tim M; Kono, Koji; Korbelik, Mladen; Krysko, Dmitri V; Loi, Sherene; Lowenstein, Pedro R; Lugli, Enrico; Ma, Yuting; Madeo, Frank; Manfredi, Angelo A; Martins, Isabelle; Mavilio, Domenico; Menger, Laurie; Merendino, Nicolò; Michaud, Michael; Mignot, Gregoire; Mossman, Karen L; Multhoff, Gabriele; Oehler, Rudolf; Palombo, Fabio; Panaretakis, Theocharis; Pol, Jonathan; Proietti, Enrico; Ricci, Jean-Ehrland; Riganti, Chiara; Rovere-Querini, Patrizia; Rubartelli, Anna; Sistigu, Antonella; Smyth, Mark J; Sonnemann, Juergen; Spisek, Radek; Stagg, John; Sukkurwala, Abdul Qader; Tartour, Eric; Thorburn, Andrew; Thorne, Stephen H; Vandenabeele, Peter; Velotti, Francesca; Workenhe, Samuel T; Yang, Haining; Zong, Wei-Xing; Zitvogel, Laurence; Kroemer, Guido; Galluzzi, LorenzoKepp, Oliver; Senovilla, Laura; Vitale, Ilio; Vacchelli, Erika; Adjemian, Sandy; Agostinis, Patrizia; Apetoh, Lionel; Aranda, Fernando; Barnaba, Vincenzo; Bloy, Norma; Bracci, Laura; Breckpot, Karine; Brough, David; Buqué, Aitziber; Castro, Maria G; Cirone, Mara; Colombo, Maria I; Cremer, Isabelle; Demaria, Sandra; Dini, Luciana; Eliopoulos, Aristides G; Faggioni, Alberto; Formenti, Silvia C; Fučíková, Jitka; Gabriele, Lucia; Gaipl, Udo S; Galon, Jérôme; Garg, Abhishek; Ghiringhelli, François; Giese, Nathalia A; Guo, Zong Sheng; Hemminki, Akseli; Herrmann, Martin; Hodge, James W; Holdenrieder, Stefan; Honeychurch, Jamie; Hu, Hong Min; Huang, Xing; Illidge, Tim M; Kono, Koji; Korbelik, Mladen; Krysko, Dmitri V; Loi, Sherene; Lowenstein, Pedro R; Lugli, Enrico; Ma, Yuting; Madeo, Frank; Manfredi, Angelo A; Martins, Isabelle; Mavilio, Domenico; Menger, Laurie; Merendino, Nicolò; Michaud, Michael; Mignot, Gregoire; Mossman, Karen L; Multhoff, Gabriele; Oehler, Rudolf; Palombo, Fabio; Panaretakis, Theocharis; Pol, Jonathan; Proietti, Enrico; Ricci, Jean Ehrland; Riganti, Chiara; Rovere Querini, Patrizia; Rubartelli, Anna; Sistigu, Antonella; Smyth, Mark J; Sonnemann, Juergen; Spisek, Radek; Stagg, John; Sukkurwala, Abdul Qader; Tartour, Eric; Thorburn, Andrew; Thorne, Stephen H; Vandenabeele, Peter; Velotti, Francesca; Workenhe, Samuel T; Yang, Haining; Zong, Wei Xing; Zitvogel, Laurence; Kroemer, Guido; Galluzzi, Lorenz