95 research outputs found
Combining Classification and User-Based Collaborative Filtering for Matching Footwear Size
Size mismatch is a serious problem in online footwear purchase because size mismatch
implies an almost sure return. Not only foot measurements are important in selecting a size, but also
user preference. This is the reason we propose several methodologies that combine the information
provided by a classifier with anthropometric measurements and user preference information through
user-based collaborative filtering. As novelties: (1) the information sources are 3D foot measurements
from a low-cost 3D foot digitizer, past purchases and self-reported size; (2) we propose to use an
ordinal classifier after imputing missing data with different options based on the use of collaborative
filtering; (3) we also propose an ensemble of ordinal classification and collaborative filtering results;
and (4) several methodologies based on clustering and archetype analysis are introduced as userbased collaborative filtering for the first time. The hybrid methodologies were tested in a simulation
study, and they were also applied to a dataset of Spanish footwear users. The results show that
combining the information from both sources predicts the foot size better and the new proposals
provide better accuracy than the classic alternatives considered
Archetype analysis: A new subspace outlier detection approach
The problem of detecting outliers in multivariate data sets with continuous numerical features is addressed by a new method. This method combines projections into relevant subspaces by archetype analysis with a nearest neighbor algorithm, through an appropriate ensemble of the results. Our method is able to detect an anomaly in a simple data set with a linear correlation of two features, while other methods fail to recognize that anomaly. Our method performs among top in an extensive comparison with 23 state-of-the-art outlier detection algorithms with several benchmark data sets. Finally, a novel industrial data set is introduced, and an outlier analysis is carried out to improve the fit of footwear, since this kind of analysis has never been fully exploited in the anthropometric field.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume
A data-driven classification of 3D foot types by archetypal shapes based on landmarks
The taxonomy of foot shapes or other parts of the body is important, especially for design purposes. We propose a methodology based on archetypoid analysis (ADA) that overcomes the weaknesses of previous methodologies used to establish typologies. ADA is an objective, data-driven methodology that seeks extreme patterns, the archetypal profiles in the data. ADA also explains the data as percentages of the archetypal patterns, which makes this technique understandable and accessible even for non-experts. Clustering techniques are usually considered for establishing taxonomies, but we will show that finding the purest or most extreme patterns is more appropriate than using the central points returned by clustering techniques. We apply the methodology to an anthropometric database of 775 3D right foot scans representing the Spanish adult female and male population for footwear design. Each foot is described by a 5626 × 3 configuration matrix of landmarks. No multivariate features are used for establishing the taxonomy, but all the information gathered from the 3D scanning is employed. We use ADA for shapes described by landmarks. Women’s and men’s feet are analyzed separately. We have analyzed 3 archetypal feet for both men and women. These archetypal feet could not have been recovered using multivariate techniques
Anthropometric Indicators as a Tool for Diagnosis of Obesity and Other Health Risk Factors: A Literature Review
[EN] Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of an excessive amount of fat mass (FM) in the adipose tissue, subcutaneous, or inside certain organs. The risk does not lie so much in the amount of fat accumulated as in its distribution. Abdominal obesity (central or visceral) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, having an important role in the so-called metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent, detect, and appropriately treat obesity. The diagnosis is based on anthropometric indices that have been associated with adiposity and its distribution. Indices themselves, or a combination of some of them, conform to a big picture with different values to establish risk. Anthropometric indices can be used for risk identification, intervention, or impact evaluation on nutritional status or health; therefore, they will be called anthropometric health indicators (AHIs). We have found 17 AHIs that can be obtained or estimated from 3D human shapes, being a noninvasive alternative compared to X-ray-based systems, and more accessible than high-cost equipment. A literature review has been conducted to analyze the following information for each indicator: definition; main calculation or obtaining methods used; health aspects associated with the indicator (among others, obesity, metabolic syndrome, or diabetes); criteria to classify the population by means of percentiles or cutoff points, and based on variables such as sex, age, ethnicity, or geographic area, and limitations.BODYPASS Project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 779780. CIBER de Diabetes and Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) is an Instituto de Salud Carlos III initiative. SM-H was an investigator in the Juan Rodes program (JR18/00051) financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). Project (IMDEEA/2020/87) supported by Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial (IVACE), call for proposals 2020 for Technology Centers of the Comunitat Valenciana, cofunded by ERDF Funds, EU Operational Program of the Comunitat Valenciana 2014-2020.Piqueras Fiszman, P.; Ballester Fernandez, A.; Durá-Gil, JV.; Martinez-Hervas, S.; Redón, J.; Real, JT. (2021). Anthropometric Indicators as a Tool for Diagnosis of Obesity and Other Health Risk Factors: A Literature Review. Frontiers in Psychology. 12:1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.6311791191
La tecnología que aprende a elegir tu talla de calzado
Ballester Fernandez, A.; Gil Mora, S.; Valero, J.; Gonzalez Garcia, JC.; Remon Gomez, A. (2019). La tecnología que aprende a elegir tu talla de calzado. Innovación biomecánica en Europa. (8):1-3. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/167979S13
New technologies for customizing products for people with special necessities: project FASHION-ABLE
[EN] Mass-customization of wearable products are offered as a higher added value to the broad public and have to compete with ready-to-wear offer. However, people with specific requirements are not covered by the current mass-customised products. This is the case of the elderly, disabled, diabetic and obese population groups when wearing textiles, clothing, footwear and textile-based orthotic goods. Further, at present, available knowledge and flexibility of production equipment and machinery of small and medium-sized enterprises operating in these traditional industries (even those that already offer made-to-measure products to the mass public) is unable to respond to the individual needs among such heterogeneous groups. The FASHION-ABLE project has solved this problem with a comprehensive set of solutions.This work was supported by the European Commission [project number FP7.FoF.NMP.2011-4 Project 284 871] under FASHION-ABLE project (http://www.fashionable-project.eu/) Area: 'High tech solutions in production [...] for [...] healthy consumer goods'.Durá-Gil, JV.; Ballester Fernández, A.; Cavallaro, M.; Chiodi, A.; Ballarino, A.; Brondi, C.; Von Arnim, V.... (2016). New technologies for customizing products for people with special necessities: project FASHION-ABLE. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing. 30(7):724-737. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2016.1145803S72473730
Crises focais benignas do adolescente: disfunção neuropsicológica leve em pacientes da comunidade
RATIONALE: Benign focal seizures of adolescence (BFSA) described by Loiseau et al in 1972, is considered a rare entity, but maybe underdiagnosed. Although mild neuropsychological deficits have been reported in patients with benign epilepsies of childhood, these evaluations have not so far been described in BFSA. The aim of this study is to evaluate neuropsychological functions in BFSA with new onset seizures (<12 months). METHODS: Eight patients with BFSA (according to Loiseau et al, 1972, focal or secondarily tonic clonic generalized seizures between the ages of 10-18 yrs., normal neurologic examination, normal EEG or with mild focal abnormalities) initiated in the last 12 months were studied between July 2008 to May 2009. They were referred from the Pediatric Emergency Section of the Hospital Universitário of the University of Sao Paulo, a secondary care regionalized facility located in a district of middle-low income in Sao Paulo city, Brazil. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institution. All patients performed neurological, EEG, brain CT and neuropsychological evaluation which consisted of Raven's Special Progressive Matrices - General and Special Scale (according to different ages), Wechsler Children Intelligence Scale-WISC III with ACID Profile, Trail Making Test A/B, Stroop Test, Bender Visuo-Motor Test, Rey Complex Figure, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test-RAVLT, Boston Naming Test, Fluency Verbal for phonological and also conceptual patterns - FAS/Animals and Hooper Visual Organization Test. For academic achievement, we used a Brazilian test for named "Teste do Desempenho Escolar", which evaluates abilities to read, write and calculate according to school grade. RESULTS: There were 2 boys and 6 girls, with ages ranging from 10 yrs. 9 m to 14 yrs. 3 m. Most (7/8) of the patients presented one to two seizures and only three of them received antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Six had mild EEG focal abnormalities and all had normal brain CT. All were literate, attended regular public schools and scored in a median range for IQ, and seven showed discrete higher scores for the verbal subtests. There were low scores for attention in different modalities in six patients, mainly in alternated attention as well as inhibitory subtests (Stroop test and Trail Making Test part B). Four of the latter cases who showed impairment both in alternated and inhibitory attention were not taking AEDs. Visual memory was impaired in five patients (Rey Complex Figure). Executive functions analysis showed deficits in working memory in five, mostly observed in Digits Indirect Order and Arithmetic tests (WISC III). Reading and writing skills were below the expected average for school grade in six patients according to the achievement scholar performance test utilized. One patient of this series who had the best scores in all tests was taking phenobarbital. CONCLUSIONS: Neuropsychological imbalance between normal IQ and mild dysfunctions such as in attention domain and in some executive abilities like working memory and planning, as well as difficulties in visual memory and in reading and writing, were described in this group of patients with BFSA from community. This may reflect mild higher level neurological dysfunctions in adolescence idiopathic focal seizures probably caused by an underlying dysmaturative epileptogenic process. Although academic problems often have multiple causes, a specific educational approach may be necessary in these adolescents, in order to improve their scholastic achievements, helping in this way, to decrease the stigma associated to epileptic seizures in the community.INTRODUÇÃO: Crises focais benignas do adolescente (CFBA) descritas por Loiseau et al. em 1972, são consideradas raras, mas podem ser subdiagnosticadas. Déficits neuropsicológicos leves foram relatados em pacientes com epilepsias benignas da infância, mas até o momento tais avaliações não foram descritas na CFBA. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as funções neuropsicológicas na CFBA de início recente (<12 meses). MÉTODOS: Oito pacientes com CFBA (segundo Loiseau et al. 1972, caracterizada por crises focais ou secundariamente tonico-clonico-generalizadas entre as idades de 10 a 18 anos), iniciadas nos últimos 12 meses, com exame neurológico normal, EEG normal ou com anormalidades focais, tomografia de crânio normal no período de Julho de 2008 a Maio de 2009. Os pacientes foram encaminhados do Setor de Emergência Pediátrica do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, que é hospital de atendimento secundário regionalizado localizado em um distrito de classe média da cidade de São Paulo, SP. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Instituição. Todos pacientes realizaram exame neurológico, EEG e tomografia de crânio. A avaliação neuropsicológica consistiu dos seguintes testes: Matrizes Progressivas Especiais do Raven - Escala Geral e Especial (de acordo com as diferentes idades), Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para crianças - WISC III - com perfil ACID, Teste Trail Making A/B, Teste de Stroop, Teste Visuo-Motor de Bender, Figura Complexa de Rey, Teste de Aprendizado Auditivo Verbal de Rey - RAVLT, Teste de Nomeação de Boston, Teste de Fluência Verbal para padrões fonológicos e conceptuais-FAS/Animais e Teste de Organizacão Visual de Hooper. Para o desempenho escolar, foi usado o teste brasileiro chamado "Teste do Desempenho Escolar", que avalia as habilidades de leitura, escrita de acordo com o grau de escolaridade. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados seis pacientes do sexo feminino e dois, do masculino, com idades variando de 10 anos e 9 meses a 14 anos e 3 meses. A maioria (7/8) dos pacientes apresentou uma a duas crises e somente três receberam drogas antiepilépticas (DAEs). Seis pacientes apresentaram anormalidades focais leves no EEG. Todos estavam alfabetizados, frequentavam escolas regulares do sistema público e apresentaram avaliação de Quociente Intelectual na faixa média para idade e sete mostravam discretos valores maiores nos subtestes verbais. Havia valores menores para atenção em diferentes modalidades em seis pacientes, especialmente na atenção alternada e no controle inibitório (Testes Stroop-like e Trail Making parte B). Quatro dos últimos casos que mostraram prejuízo tanto na atenção alternada como inibitória não estavam tomando DAEs. A memória visual estava prejudicada em cinco pacientes (Figura Complexa de Rey). As funções executivas mostraram déficits na memória operacional em cinco, especialmente observados nos subtestes de Aritmética e na Ordem Indireta de Dígitos (WISC III). A leitura e escrita estavam abaixo da média esperada para a série escolar segundo o teste de desempenho escolar utilizado, em seis pacientes. Um dos pacientes que apresentava os maiores valores do grupo em todos os testes estava recebendo fenobarbital. CONCLUSÕES: Uma desproporção entre QI normal e disfunções neuropsicológicas leves tais como na esfera atencional e em algumas funções executivas como memória operacional e planejamento de ação, assim como na memória visual e problemas acadêmicos na leitura e escrita, foram descritos neste grupo de pacientes com CBFA da comunidade. Isto pode refletir disfunções neuropsicológicas leves em pacientes com crises idiopáticas do adolescente provavelmente causadas por um processo epileptogênico dismaturativo sobrejacente. Embora problemas acadêmicos escolares frequentemente apresentem múltiplas causas, uma abordagem educacional específica pode ser necessária nestes adolescentes, a fim de melhorar seu desempenho, ajudando desta forma a minimizar o estigma associado às crises epilépticas na comunidade
A Methodology to Create 3D Body Models in Motion
[EN] Size, shape and posture are fundamental features of digital human models (DHM) to obtain accurate virtual simulations of the ergonomics of products and environments. Research on 3D body scanning, processing and modelling have enabled the generation of avatars representing specific populations and morphotypes in standing and seated postures being the basis to define size and shape of DHM. Posture is implemented with biomechanical models of the human movement. Most of the research is focused on posture control and movement tracking to analyze the variability in different contexts (e.g. driving, performing a working task). Motion capture technology used for this purpose, requires a limited number of sensors or reflective markers attached to the body according to the definition of body segments. 3D body scanning and motion capture are both technologies currently used to analyze human body shape and biomechanics to apply it to enhance digital human models. These technologies may converge on the so-called temporal 3D scanners or 4D scanners, a new technology recently developed to scan the body in motion. With this technology, it is possible to obtain sequences of dense 3D point clouds representing the movement of the body. In this paper, a novel methodology to create realistic 3D body models in motion is proposed. This method is supported by a new 4D scanning system (Move 4D) and a data driven-model. Move4D is a modular photogrammetry-based 4D scanning system. It consists of a set of 12 synchronized modules to scan full bodies with texture in motion. It can capture up to 180 fps with a resolution of 2 mm. The algorithms have been conceived and optimized to automatically process the series of raw point clouds captured. They rely on a data-driven body model including shape, pose and soft-tissue deformation trained with a large database and a deep learning model. The process is fully automatic and does not require any interactive landmarking or revision. The 3D outcome of this methodology is one noise-and artefact-free watertight mesh per frame and a model of shape, pose and soft-tissue that can be rigged with a 23-joint skeleton. This type of outcome permits their use for many applications such as simulations, augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) or biomechanical analysis purposes.The research presented in this paper have been developed within the projects IMDEEA/2020/85 and MDEEA/2020/87. Funding requested to Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial (IVACE), call for proposals 2020 for Technology Centers of the Comunitat Valenciana, co-funded by ERDF Funds, EU Operational Program of the Comunitat Valenciana 2014-2020.Parrilla Bernabé, E.; Ruescas, A.; Solves, J.; Ballester Fernandez, A.; Nacher Fernandez, B.; Alemany Mut, MS.; Garrido Jaen, JD. (2020). A Methodology to Create 3D Body Models in Motion. Springer. 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51064-0_39S309314Scataglini, S., Paul, G.: DHM and Posturography. Academic Press, London (2019)Zakaria, N., Gupta, D.: Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge (2019)Liberadzki, P., Adamczyk, M., Witkowski, M., Sitnik, R.: Structured-light-based system for shape measurement of the human body in motion. Sensors 18, 2827 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092827Parrilla, E., Ballester, A., Parra, P., Ruescas, A., Uriel, J., Garrido, D., Alemany, S.: MOVE 4D: accurate high-speed 3D body models in motion. In: Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2019, Lugano, Switzerland, 22–23 October 2019, pp. 30–32 (2019). https://doi.org/10.15221/19.03
Problematic internet use prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic
The health and socio-economic challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic have led to greater reliance on the internet to meet basic needs and responsibilities. Greater engagement in online activities may have negative mental and physical health consequences for some vulnerable individuals, particularly under mandatory self-isolation or ‘lockdown’ conditions. The present study investigated whether changes in levels of involvement in online activities during the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., watching TV series, online sexual activities, video games, social networks, gambling, online shopping, and instant messaging) were associated with problematic internet use, as well as whether certain psychological risk factors (positive/negative affect and impulsivity) were significant predictors of these changes. A total of 1,275 participants (66.1% female, aged between 18-55 years) completed an online survey while in lockdown in Spain (April 15th-23rd, 2020). The survey assessed current engagement in seven different online activities and their engagement prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as psychological risk factors (affect and impulsivity). Most participants (between 60.8%-98.6% depending on the activity) reported no changes in participation in online activities, but there was a significant increase in weekly internet use (between 25 and 336 min). However, increased internet use was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in problematic use, except for problematic TV series watching and video gaming. Psychological risk factors considered in the study (affect, impulsivity traits) were largely minor or non-significant predictors. Thus, increased internet use during the lockdown in Spain was not related to a proportional growth in problematic usage, suggesting that these behavioral changes may constitute adaptive coping strategies in the context of the pandemic
Study on controllable and uncontrollable factors affecting foot shape
Ballester Fernandez, A.; Pierola, A.; Solves Camallonga, C.; Parrilla Bernabé, E.; Uriel-Molto, J.; Zaimi-Tortajada, IIM.; Page Del Pozo, AF.... (2019). Study on controllable and uncontrollable factors affecting foot shape. Footwear Science. 11(Sup1):123-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2019.1606113S12312511Sup1BALLESTER, A., PIEROLA, A., PARRILLA, E., IZQUIERDO, M., URIEL, J., NACHER, B., … ALEMANY, S. (2017). Fast, Portable and Low-Cost 3D Foot Digitizers: Validity and Reliability of Measurements. Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2017 - 8th International Conference and Exhibition on
3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Montreal QC, Canada, 11-12 Oct. 2017. doi:10.15221/17.218Houston, V. L., Luo, G., Mason, C. P., Mussman, M., Garbarini, M., & Beattie, A. C. (2006). Changes in Male Foot Shape and Size with Weightbearing. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 96(4), 330-343. doi:10.7547/0960330Moholkar, K., & Fenelon, G. (2001). Diurnal variations in volume of the foot and ankle. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 40(5), 302-304. doi:10.1016/s1067-2516(01)80066-1XIONG, S., GOONETILLEKE, R. S., ZHAO, J., LI, W., & WITANA, C. P. (2009). Foot deformations under different load-bearing conditions and their relationships to stature and body weight. Anthropological Science, 117(2), 77-88. doi:10.1537/ase.07091
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