A study on the contribution that a business plan makes to the expansion of a small company

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of business plan in the expansion of small company. No matter how big or small a business is or what stage it is in,it needs a business plan to improve how it runs internally and to describe and market the business to possible outside investors.   Theoretical framework: A business plan gives the company direction and brings employees together to work towards the same goals. When everyone works together, it's easier to manage time and resources and set the company up for growth. Planning is a big part of how successful a new or small business will be. Setting goals and making plans to reach those goals are two important parts of running a successful business. A business plan is a good way for a company to organize its goals and objectives in a way that makes sense.   Design/methodology/approach: This is descriptive based study. In this research paper we survey on random sample of 250 respondents.   Findings: This study reveals the descriptive statistics for different variables i.e. Business planning, Completed plan, Number of employees, Obtained external capital, Attractive products etc. The findings of this study could be used to figure out how businesses should be run, what methods should be used, and what parameters should be used to make sure businesses grow well in their local, regional, and global areas.   Conclusion: In more rural and remote parts of the country, the expansion of small companies is essential to the continued employment creation and economic expansion. They contribute to a greater level of market competition

WHAT CONSIDERATIONS SHOULD THE EFL/ESL TEACHER TAKE INTO ACCOUNT WHEN TEACHING VOCABULARY?

As foreign language/second language (EFL/ESL) learners, vocabulary mastery is one of the important aspects of English. The centre of language teaching and important for language learners are aspects of vocabulary. Several studies have shown that teaching vocabulary can be considered a problem because some teachers are unsure about best practices in teaching and are not really aware of ways to initiate instructional vocabulary learning (Berne & Blachowicz, 2008). This article presents four aspects the EFL/ESL teacher might take into account when teaching vocabulary, namely: focus on frequent words, strategies for dealing with unknown words, lexical approach in teaching vocabulary, and semantic fields in vocabulary teaching.As foreign language/second language (EFL/ESL) learners, vocabulary mastery is one of the important aspects of English. The centre of language teaching and important for language learners are aspects of vocabulary. Several studies have shown that teaching vocabulary can be considered a problem because some teachers are unsure about best practices in teaching and are not really aware of ways to initiate instructional vocabulary learning (Berne & Blachowicz, 2008). This article presents four aspects the EFL/ESL teacher might take into account when teaching vocabulary, namely: focus on frequent words, strategies for dealing with unknown words, lexical approach in teaching vocabulary, and semantic fields in vocabulary teaching

Social capital in modern, conflicted Iraq : its characteristics, dynamics and effects at the micro level of Iraqi society

University of Technology, Sydney. UTS Business School.The thesis reports the results of a study of social capital in the nation state of Iraq. It specifically examines social capital activity at the individual micro level of the ordinary lives of Iraqi citizens. It identifies the dominant social networks within Iraq, and the kinds of benefits obtained from these networks at the individual and collective level. Utilising a qualitative iterative research design that involved focus group discussions with Iraqis in the Australian diaspora, a series of Tele-interviews with selected participants in Iraq, and finally a number of clarifying interviews with selected Iraqis in Iraq and Australia, the study was able produce rich sets of empirical data. It found that virtually all Iraqis are members of up to three different types of social networks: Their Family networks in which they are born and in which they acquire a set of special reciprocal behaviours based on norms special to Iraqis; their separate Personal networks of friends and neighbours; and their Constrained social networks, such as work networks, in institutional settings where organisational rules may also apply. These networks were based on trusting interpersonal relationships of varying strengths. In this process the religious and ethnic backgrounds of the fellow members of their networks were irrelevant. Iraqi social networks crossed sectarian divides. This multiple membership characteristic meant that benefits from one network could be brought into another network in bridging social capital transactions. The study further found that in their social networks, Iraqis exchange a range of benefits which may be unique to Iraqi society. These were classified as qualitatively-different benefits of emotional support, informational and, at higher levels, practical and material support. The determinant of the benefits are the social settings of the transactions – and the external intrusive social contexts which may require help for threatened members of social networks. The study found that these benefits and the underlying willingness of Iraqis to provide them comprised the social capital assets of Iraq. Needy members could access benefits immediately. But as a latent community resource, this social capital could only be mobilised by trusted facilitators for an agreed community benefit. Personal trust was found to be a necessary pre-condition for forming social capital, but a lack of social and institutional trust, common in Iraq today, hindered the mobilisation of the community pools of social capital. Generally social capital transaction activity was found to be vibrantly alive and flourishing in Iraq, but only at the individual micro-level of the society, with consequent implications for Iraqi social planners

Review on the Role of Underutilized Crops in Achieving Food Security in Ghana: Implications for Policy

Food security globally is constrained by several factors including the heavy reliance on very few key staple crops. In Africa over dependence on a few major crops remain a major challenge due to its potential impact and contribution to food security. This review explores the potential contribution of underutilized crops to the attainment of food security. The paper also explores the relevance of a specific policy provision that promotes the use of underutilized crops. In Ghana the challenge of food insecurity still remains a major concern, particularly in the three northern regions. The 2009 Comprehensive Food Security & Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) report revealed that food insecurity in Ghana is a challenge particularly in the areas most prone to adverse weather conditions, such as floods and droughts, which are also the poorest regions of the country. In Ghana, as in many African countries considerable attention has not been given to the impact of underutilized crops and plant species on food security. This is evidenced by the 2013 Accra Statement for a food secure Africa report, which identified most countries in Africa, including Ghana, as pursuing agricultural and food policies based on a limited number of crops or staples such as maize and rice. The review showed that Ghana currently lacks a comprehensive policy, on the use of underutilized crops. A specific policy that will ensure the promotion and use of underutilized crops in Ghana, is suggested

Association of cytomegalo virus with type I diabetes mellitus among children in Minia Governorate

Background: Type I diabetes (T1D) is the most common form of diabetes in most parts of the world.Aim: The association between cytomegalovirus (CMV)and T1D mellitus was studied, with comparison to healthy subjects and to correlate its level with different clinical and laboratory parameters.Materials & Methods: This study included 68 children and adolescents who were classified into two groups. GroupI comprised 53 patients diagnosed with T1D and having regular follow up in the pediatric endocrinology out-patient clinic, Minia University children's hospital. Group II comprised 15 apparently healthy subjects, age and sex matched to the diseased group. According to the onset of diabetes, we divided the diabetic group into two sub-groups. Group Ia (newly diagnosed) comprised 20 patients, with ages ranging between 7 and 18 years; 10 were males (50 %), and 10 were females (50 %). Whilst group Ib (duration of disease >1 year) comprised 33 patients, with ages ranging between 6 and 17 years; 17 were males (49%) and 18 were females (51%). The studied groups were subjected to the following: thorough history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations (random blood glucose levels) and HbA1c%. DNA was extracted using QIAamp Min elute kit protocol for detection of cytomegalo virus by RTRCR.Results:The frequency of cytomegalovirus was significantly higher in T1D children than the control and in group Ia than group Ib.Conclusion: T1D children had significantly higher serum cytomegalovirus than the control group, as did those newly diagnosed compared to those with longer duration of illness.Keywords:T1D, Cytomegalo-virus, Haemoglobin A1C, Polymerase chain reaction Key Messages: Dose of insulin, significant +ve correlations, RT-PCR ASSOCIATION DU CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AVEC DIABETE SUCRE DE TYPE 1 CHEZ LES ENFANTS DANS LE GOUVERNORAT DE MINIA. Contexte : Diabète de type 1(DT1) est la forme la plus courante du diabète dans la plupart des régions du monde.But : L’association entre le cytomégalovirus et DT1 sucre a été étudiée avec une comparaison aux sujets sains et pour corréler son niveau avec les divers paramètres cliniques et laboratoires.Matériaux et Méthodes : Cette étude a inclus 68 enfants et adolescents qui ont été classés en deux groupes. Le Groupe I a compris 53 patients diagnostiqués avec DT1 et ayant suivi régulier dans la clinique endocrinologie pédiatrique ambulatoire, l’Université hôpital d’enfants de Minia. Le Groupe II a compris 15 sujets apparemment sains, l’age et le sexe adapté au groupe malade. Selon l’attaque du diabète, nous avons divisé le groupe diabétique en deux sous – groupes. Le Groupe Ia (nouvellement diagnostiqué), a compris 20 patients, dont l’âge est compris entre 7 et 18 ans ; 10 étaient males (50%), et 10 étaient femelles (50%). Alors que le Groupe Ib (la durée de malade >1 ans) comprenait 33 patients ; 17 étaient males (49%), et 18 étaient femelles (51%). Les groupes étudiés ont été soumis a la suivante : grâce a laprise de l’histoire, examen clinique et examen de laboratoire (nouveau de glycémie aléatoire) et HbA1c%. L’ADN a été extrait en utilisant QIAamp Min elute protocole du kit pour le dépistage du cytomégalovirus par RT – RCR.Résultats : La fréquence du cytomégalovirus était considérablement plus élevée dans les enfants DT1 que le contrôlé et dans le Groupe Ia que le Groupe Ib.Conclusion : Les enfants DT1 ont eu sérum cytomégalovirus plus élevé que le groupe contrôlé, comme ceux nouvellement diagnostiqués par rapport a ceux qui ont une plus longue durée de la malade.Mots Clés : DT1, Cytomégalovirus, Hémoglobine A1C, la réaction en chaine de la Polymérase.Messages Clés : Dose d’insuline, Significative +ve corrélations, RT – PCR

Role of Digital Education in Student Monitoring and Teacher Evaluation during Pandemic Period

Digital education has played an important role in teacher evaluation and student monitoring activities during the recent COVID-19 pandemic situation. In digital education system, different kinds of tools and techniques are considered to monitor the important activities of the students. Diamond application is one of those strategies. On the other hand, educators also consider different kinds strategies to evaluate the quality of the teaching activities of the teachers in the online education system in this pandemic situation. Overall, it can be acknowledged that digital education system plays significant role in teacher evaluation and student monitoring activities during COVID-19 pandemic

Assessing the Effectiveness of Public Sector Enterprises Reforms on Growth and Performances of Steel Authority of india LTD

Purpose: The study focussed to understand the reforms that influenced the performance of the PSEs in India with a special focus on SAIL, to analyse the role played by the reforms taken in a public enterprise in increasing the performance of SAIL and to examine the significance of such reforms in increasing the effectiveness of public sector enterprises.   Theoretical Framework: This assessment, the performance of the public sector enterprises of India is going to be discussed in reference to the reforms made by the Government of India with reference to the SAIL (SAIL, 2023).   Design/Methodology/Approach: The research topic has been talking about the reforms that have been made in Steel Authority of India Limited which would require quantitative data from various sources and then its analysis.   Findings: The government changed its economic policy in the year 1991 and thus made provision for the privatization of non-profit making public sector enterprises (Kunmin and Panchanatham, 2019). SAIL was among the profit-making PSUs of India as it is the largest steel producer in the country.   Conclusion: Article reveals that the research aimed to provide an assessment of the impact of reforms on the growth and performance of PSEs like “Steel Authority of India Limited”

Millennial changes in North Atlantic oxygen concentrations

Glacial-interglacial changes in bottom water oxygen concentrations [O2] in the deep northeast Atlantic have been linked to decreased ventilation relating to changes in ocean circulation and the biological pump (Hoogakker et al., 2015). In this paper we discuss seawater [O2] changes in relation to millennial climate oscillations in the North Atlantic over the last glacial cycle, using bottom water [O2] reconstructions from 2 cores: (1) MD95-2042 from the deep northeast Atlantic (Hoogakker et al., 2015) and (2) ODP (Ocean Drilling Program) Site 1055 from the intermediate northwest Atlantic. The deep northeast Atlantic core MD95-2042 shows decreased bottom water [O2] during millennial-scale cool events, with lowest bottom water [O2] of 170, 144, and 166 ± 17μmolkg1 during Heinrich ice rafting events H6, H4, and H1. Importantly, at intermediate depth core ODP Site 1055, bottom water [O2] was lower during parts of Marine Isotope Stage 4 and millennial cool events, with the lowest values of 179 and 194μmolkg1 recorded during millennial cool event C21 and a cool event following Dansgaard-Oeschger event 19. Our reconstructions agree with previous model simulations suggesting that glacial cold events may be associated with lower seawater [O2] across the North Atlantic below 1/4 1km (Schmittner et al., 2007), although in our reconstructions the changes are less dramatic. The decreases in bottom water [O2] during North Atlantic Heinrich events and earlier cold events at the two sites can be linked to water mass changes in relation to ocean circulation changes and possibly productivity changes. At the intermediate depth site a possible strong North Atlantic Intermediate Water cell would preclude water mass changes as a cause for decreased bottom water [O2]. Instead, we propose that the lower bottom [O2] there can be linked to productivity changes through increased export of organic material from the surface ocean and its subsequent remineralization in the water column and the sediment

The Role of Customer Satisfaction in Improving the Performance of Sail (Steel Authority of India LTD)

Purpose: The study focussed on the influence of customer satisfaction on reform policies and the performance of SAIL and attempts to investigate the influence of reform policies in improving the performance of SAIL (De, 2014).   Theoretical Framework: Research examined the moderating role of customer satisfaction between reform policies and the performance of SAIL. A conceptual model with two hypotheses was developed and data were collected from 385 employees and managerial staff in the form of a questionnaire from five integrated units of SAIL (Jain et al., 2014).   Design/Methodology/Approach: Paper goes through the quantitative and qualitative discussion to analyse the performance of SAIL against the backdrop of liberalization measures introduced in the 1990s and afterward. The study will analyse two different periods of SAIL: Before 1990 and after 1990.   Findings: The findings of the study provide useful insights to evaluate and improve SAIL's reform policies and performance and to enhance customer satisfaction.   Conclusion: Article paves the way to huge scope for future researchers. The scope of the study can be further broadened by including several PSEs across multiple industries to gain comprehensive findings about the impact of reforms on the performance of different types of PSEs