Effect of Material and Fermentation TIME on Quality and Digestibility of Complete Feed, Average Daily Gain of Bligon Goat and Farmer\u27s Income

The objectives of this research were to determine efect of material and fermentation time on qualityand digestibility of fermented complete feed, average daily gain (ADG) of Bligon goats and farmer\u27sincome. The research was conducted during twelve weeks in the housing of goat farmers atPurwomanunggal farmers\u27 group, Panggang, Gunung Kidul district. Fifteen Bligon male goats, 8 monthsof age and 12 to 15 kg of body weight, were randomly divided into three treatments, each groupsconsisted of five goats. The treatments were: control feed (R0 ), one week fermented complete feed (R1),and two weeks fermented complete feed (R2). Data were analyzed with ANOVA based on one waycompletely randomized design and continued with Duncan\u27s multiple range tests for significantdifferences. Result showed that complete feed fermented for two weeks had darker color and strongerodors compared with one week fermentation. Both fermented complete feed (one and two weeks) hadsoft textures, no fungi with pH ranged from 4.5 to 5.0. Total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake wassignificantly affected by the treatment. The treatment had no significant effect on acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) digestibility, average daily gain, and farmer\u27s income

Physicochemical Characteristics, in Vitro Fermentation Indicators, Gas Production Kinetics, and Degradability of Solid Herbal Waste as Alternative Feed Source for Ruminants

The aims of this research were to study the nutrient and secondary metabolite contents of solid herbal wastes (SHW) that were preserved by freeze drying, sun drying and silage, as well as to analyze their effects on in vitro fermentation indicators i.e., gas production kinetics and degradability of solid herbal waste. Physical and chemical properties on three forms of SHW (sun dry, freeze dry, and silage) were characterized and then an in vitro gas production experiment was performed to determine the kinetics of gas production, methane production, NH3, microbial protein, and SHW degradability. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added to the three treatments to determine the biological activity of tannins. Results showed that all three preparations of SHW still contained high nutrient and plant secondary metabolite contents. Gas production, methane, NH3, microbial protein, in vitro degradability of dry matter (IVDMD) and organic matter (IVDOM) of SHW silage were lower (P<0.05) compared to sun dry and freeze dry. These results were apparently due to the high content of secondary metabolites especially tannin. It can be concluded that solid herbal wastes (SHW) can be used as an alternative feed ingredients for ruminants with attention to the content of secondary metabolites that can affect the process of fermentation and digestibility in the rumen

PENGARUH TIPE MULSA TERHADAP GERMINASI DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG UMUR MASAK SUSU DI LAHAN PASIR

The aims of this study was to determine the effect of mulch type on germination and growth of milk stage corn planted at critical sandy land. Plastic mulch and bio mulch (feedstuff used), were used on three beds planted with Pioneer® seed corn. Corn were planted with 25 x 50 cm in sand land Jangkaran Village, Temon, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Litter manure waste was used as basal fertilizer by spreaded over the beds at the level 7.5 t/ha. Corn seed planted on the bed without basal fertilizer and mulch as a control. Chemical fertilizers in the form of urea and SP-36 is given in equal amounts and the corresponding frequency written on the label. Growth characteristic was measured every week. The study is used completely randomized design (CRD) and the data were analyzed by ANOVA with SPSS advanced analysis of LSD. Utilization of mulch has significant effect on the growth of corn plants compared to corn without mulch; bio mulch has the highest effect. Mulch has no significant effect to the germination. Utilization of mulch (both plastic and bio) in the critical sandy land are very recommended, while the bio mulch recommend to production and economic valu

PERBEDAAN KUALITAS TANAMAN JAGUNG BERCIRI BROWN MIDRIB RESISTANCE DARI DATARAN RENDAH DAN TINGGI DI WILAYAH YOGYAKARTA

This study aimed to determine the difference quality of corn plants with brown midrib resistance characterized on low and high land of Yogyakarta Province. Development of farm world will always be followed by efforts to satisfy meet quality and sustainable food supply. Problems of tropical forage feed provision are not only the quantity but also quality and continuity. Lignifications is one of the limitation factor for forage that will affect to low digestibility level. Indonesia as a country that is located in the tropics actually have the potential of corn forage. There is a type of corn with brown color on the underside of leaves around the middle of the bone known as the brown midrib resistance (BMR) is the hallmark of corn plants that have low lignin content. BMR corn with these characteristics is genetic heredity. Nutritional quality analysis for corn plant have done at the Laboratory of Food Forage and Pastures Livestock Husbandry Faculty of the University of Gadjah Mada. Corn plant derived from the lowlands have the potential dry matter better in addition to trend lower lignin than corn from the highland

Physicochemical Characteristics Identification and Secondary Metabolite Analysis of Solid Herbal Waste as Source of Feed Rich Fiber and Supplement for Ruminants

A study was conducted to determine the potency, physicochemical characteristics, and analyzed the secondary metabolites content of solid herbal waste (SWH) as a substitute source of feed rich fibre and feed supplements in ruminants. The first study includes an analysis of production potential, physical analysis, and chemical composition analysis of SWH. The second study was an analysis of secondary metabolites content of SWH. The results showed that SWH volume reached 6-8 m3/day or 4020-5360 kg/day, the chemical composition of herbal solid waste was similar to king grass with high lignin content (17.53%). SWH containing total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins , alkaloids and essential oils which generally have antimicrobial activity. According to the potential availability, chemical composition and secondary metabolites content of SWH, it can be used as an alternative for substitute of feed rich fiber or feed supplements with attention to the content of secondary metabolites that can affect the process of fermentation and digestibility in the rumen. Further in vitro and in vivo research ore needed to determine the effect of SWH on rumen fermentation parameters and its application in the ration in ruminant livestock

KESESUAIAN LAHAN HIJAUAN PAKAN KAMBING DI YOGYAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (A Land of Unit Map for Goat Tree Leaves in Yogyakarta using Geographic Information System Approach)

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat pemetaan kesesuaian lahan pakan hijauan kambing di kabupaten Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian mencakup 2 kegiatan utama yaitu (1) Analisis proksirnat untuk mengetahui kandungan energi tertinggi dari jenis kacang-kacangan atau legum ( 2) Pemetaan lahan pakan dari tanaman legum yang mempunyai kandungan energi tertinggi di tiap kabupaten. Analisis kesesuaian lahan pada setiap satuan lahan diperoleh melalui proses tumpang susun (overlay) peta lereng, bentuk lahan dan penggunaan lahan dengan bantuan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tanaman legum yang mempunyai sumber energi tertinggi adalah kaliandra dengan berat kering berkisar 30-40%. Lahan untuk kaliandra hampir sarna di 4 kabupaten yaitu lebih dari 25%. Lahan yang paling sesuai untuk kaliandra adalah di Kabupaten Sleman.ABSTRACTThe study aimed  to  provide a land unit map at district in Special District of Yogyakarta and a land appropriateness map, especially for goat tree leaves. The method of the study consisted of main activities which was 1) proximate analysis to find out the energy sources for nutrition need as provided by the tree leaves to goat that an appropriate was obtained from legume. 2) Mapping from legum that have highest dry matter in each  district . The analysis of land appropriateness in every land unit obtained from overlaying process of slope map, land morphology and management using Geographic Information System. The result showed that the highest energy source was Calliandra Calothyrsus and have dry matter content ranged from 30-40%. The land suitable for Calliandra Calothyrsus almost the same in districts more than 25%.  The land most suitable for Calliandra Calothyrsus  was located  in Sleman district.

KESESUAIAN LABAN HIJAUAN PAKAN KAMBING DI YOGYAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS = (A Land of Unit Map for Goat Tree Leaves in Yogyakarta using Geographic Information System Approach)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat pemetaan kesesuaian lahan pakan hijauan kambing di kabupaten Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian mencakup 2 kegiatan utama yaitu (1) Analisis proksimat untuk mengetahui kandungan energi tertinggi dari jenis kacang-kacangan atau legum ( 2) Pemetaan lahan pakan dari tanaman legum yang mempunyai kandungan energi tertinggi di tiap kabupaten. Analisis kesesuaian lahan pada setiap satuan lahan diperoleh melalui proses tumpangsusun (overlay) peta lereng, bentuk lahan dan penggunaan lahan dengan bantuan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). HasH penelitian menunjukkan tanaman legum yang mempunyai sumber energi tertinggi adalah kaliandra dengan berat kering berkisar 30-40%. Lahan untuk kaliandra hampir sarna di 4 kabupaten yaitu lebih dari 25%. Lahan yang paling sesuai untuk kaliandra adalah di Kabupaten Sleman The study aimed to provide a land unit map at district in Special District of Yogyakarta and a land appropriateness map, especiallyfor goat tree leaves. The method of the study consisted of main activities which was J) proximate analysis tofind out the energy sourcesfor nutrition need as provided by the tree leaves to goat that an appropriate was obtained from legume. 2) Mapping from legum that have highest dry matter in each district. The analysis of land appropriateness in every land unit obtained from overlaying process of slope map, land morphology and management using Geographic Information ystem. The result showed that the highest energy source was Calliandra Calothyrsus and have dry matter content ranged from 30-40%. The land suitable for Calliandra Calothyrsus almost the same in districts more than 25%. The land most suitable for Calliandra Calothyrsus was located in Sleman district

KINERJA PEMBUNGAAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG UMUR MASAK SUSU DI LAHAN PASIR PADA PENGGUNAAN BIO MULSA

The study aimed to determine fowering and production performance of milk stage corn planted in critical sandy land with bio mulch. Plastic mulch and bio mulch (feedstuff used), were used on 3 (three) beds planted with Pioneer® seed corn. Seeds were planted with 25 x 50 cm in sandy land Jangkaran Village, Temon, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Litter manure waste was used as basal fertilizer by spreaded over the beds at the level 7.5 t/ha. Corn seed planted on the bed without basal fertilizer and mulch as a control. Chemical fertilizers, urea and SP-36 are given in equal amounts and the corresponding frequency written on the label. Water was given to corn plant every other day. Quantity of flower was observed since the first time produce flower up to harvested at 10 weeks, while production was determined from total weight of whole plant harvested. The study is based on completely randomized design (CRD) and the data were analyzed by ANOVA with SPSS advanced analysis of LSD. Corn plant with bio mulch produced significantly higher of flower and whole plant compare with control but not significantly higher compare with plastic mulch. However, bio mulch always has highest level of flower 34.4% compare with plastic mulch 17.7% and control 9.2; highest production level of fresh whole plant13.3, plastic mulch 12.93 and 3.91 t/ha. Utilization of mulch has significant effect on the quantity of flower and production leve

Morpho-Physiological Characters and Soybean Productivity on Alfisol and Vertisol Under Intercropping with Kayu Putih (Melaleuca Cajuputi)

Intercropping kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) has more advantage than other tree crops, such as teak, pine or acacia due to the beneficial intercropping season length. Soybean was intercropped with kayu putih because soybean has higher commercial value than other field crops. The survey-based research was conducted during March until May, 2014 in Menggoran Forest Resort, Playen Forest Section, Yogyakarta Forest Management District. Stratified random sampling method was used during the research by stratifying the types of soil stratification (alfisol and vertisol), rainfall and declivity then was made into 7 land mapping unit (LMU) with map overlay technique. Agronomic characters of soybean were observed on 12 weeks after planting (wap) and the physiological data were observed during the maximum vegetative phase (8 wap). Agronomic and physiological characters of soybean in each LMU were grouped and statistically tested with analysis of variance (ANOVA) then continued with orthogonal contrasts (alpha 5%). The results showed that some characters of soybean planted in alfisol had higher value than in vertisol, especially on leaf area, photosynthetic rate, root and canopy weight, 100 grain weight and grain weight per plant. The agronomic and physiological characters of soybean which had significant effects on yield in the intercropping with kayu putih system were stomatal density, stomatal conductivity, photosynthetic rate, and leaf area. Soybean intercropped with kayu putih produced 1.007 tons/ha in alfisol and 0.996 tons/ha in vertisol. Soybean development in intercropping system of kayu putih can be conducted by using soybean varieties superior effort

BIOGAS DALAM SISTEM PERTANIAN TERPADU DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MENUJU RUMAH TANGGA MANDIRI ENERGI

Biogas yang berupa gas yang berasal dari proses degradasi zat bio (baik tanaman maupun hewan) dengan tingkat energi tertentu dapat diberdayagunakan untuk kebutuhan manusia. Energi yang berasal dari biogas termasuk dalam kategori renewable energi atau energi yang dapat diperbaharui. Karakter yang demikian membuat biogas menjadi sumber energi yang berprospek untuk dikembangkan sebagai pengganti energi dari fosil fuel. Program biogas juga dapat dirancang tidak hanya dalam konteks mengembangkan biogas sebagai energi alternatif, tetapi juga dalam format pemberdayaan. Seluruh kegiatan di dalamnya adalah dalam rangka untuk mempopulerkan/ mensosialisasikan, mengaplikasikan dan mengembangkan potensi biogas sebagai sumber energi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan. Biogas memiliki potensi kelebihan dalam aspek pemberdayaan masyarakat, ekonomi dan lingkungan hidup. Biogas bisa menjadi sarana untuk menjadi pemantik masyarakat yang mandiri dan berwawasan masa depan untuk kemajuan bangsa. Kontribusi energi yang dihasilkan dari potensi biogas dari suatu kawasan dapat di prediksikan berdasarkan data jumlah ternak yang ada, demikian juga nilai ekonomi yang ditimbulkan. Potensi ternak di Kabupaten Kulon Progo jika dimanfaatkan untuk biogas mampu menggantikan setara 101,037 liter minyak tanah/hari, sedangkan jumlah ternak nasional tahun 2012 mampu mensubtitusi kebutuhan minyak tanah selama 3,6 bulan (dengan standard harga minyak mentah dunia USD 100/barel). Kata kunci : biogas, energi alternatif, pemberdayaan, mandir