Opening the Treasure Chest in Carina

We have mapped the G287.84-0.82 cometary globule (with the Treasure Chest cluster embedded in it) in the South Pillars region of Carina (i) in [CII], 63micron [OI], and CO(11-10) using upGREAT on SOFIA and (ii) in J=2-1 transitions of CO, 13CO, C18O and J=3-2 transitions of H2CO using the APEX telescope in Chile. We probe the morphology, kinematics, and physical conditions of the molecular gas and the photon dominated regions (PDRs) in G287.84-0.82. The [CII] and [OI] emission suggest that the overall structure of the pillar (with red-shifted photo evaporating tails) is consistent with the effect of FUV radiation and winds from eta-Car and O stars in Trumpler 16. The gas in the head of the pillar is strongly influenced by the embedded cluster, whose brightest member is an O9.5V star, CPD-59 2661. The emission of the [CII] and [OI] lines peak at a position close to the embedded star, while all other tracers peak at another position lying to the north-east consistent with gas being compressed by the expanding PDR created by the embedded cluster. The molecular gas inside the globule is probed with the J=2-1 transitions of CO and isotopologues as well as H2CO, and analyzed using a non-LTE model (escape-probability approach), while we use PDR models to derive the physical conditions of the PDR. We identify at least two PDR gas components; the diffuse part (~10^4 cm^-3) is traced by [CII], while the dense (n~ 2-8x10^5 cm^-3) part is traced by [CII], [OI], CO(11-10). Using the F=2-1 transition of [13CII] detected at 50 positions in the region, we derive optical depths (0.9-5), excitation temperatures of [CII] (80-255 K), and N(C+) of 0.3-1x10^19 cm^-2. The total mass of the globule is ~1000 Msun, about half of which is traced by [CII]. The dense PDR gas has a thermal pressure of 10^7-10^8 K cm^-3, which is similar to the values observed in other regions.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (abstract slightly abridged

High Spectral and Spatial Resolution Observations of the PDR Emission in the NGC2023 Reflection Nebula with SOFIA and APEX

We have mapped the NGC 2023 reflection nebula in [CII] and CO(11--10) with the heterodyne receiver GREAT on SOFIA and obtained slightly smaller maps in 13CO(3--2), CO(3--2), CO(4--3), CO(6--5), and CO(7--6) with APEX in Chile. We use these data to probe the morphology, kinematics, and physical conditions of the C II region, which is ionized by FUV radiation from the B2 star HD37903. The [CII] emission traces an ellipsoidal shell-like region at a position angle of ~ -50 deg, and is surrounded by a hot molecular shell. In the southeast, where the C II region expands into a dense, clumpy molecular cloud ridge, we see narrow and strong line emission from high-J CO lines, which comes from a thin, hot molecular shell surrounding the [CII] emission. The [CII] lines are broader and show photo evaporating gas flowing into the C II region. Based on the strength of the [13CII] F=2--1 line, the [CII] line appears to be somewhat optically thick over most of the nebula with an optical depth of a few. We model the physical conditions of the surrounding molecular cloud and the PDR emission using both RADEX and simple PDR models. The temperature of the CO emitting PDR shell is ~ 90 -- 120 K, with densities of 10^5 -- 10^6 cm^-3, as deduced from RADEX modeling. Our PDR modeling indicates that the PDR layer where [CII] emission dominates has somewhat lower densities, 10^4 to a few times 10^5 cm^-3Comment: Accepted by A&

Tunable entanglement distillation of spatially correlated down-converted photons

We report on a new technique for entanglement distillation of the bipartite continuous variable state of spatially correlated photons generated in the spontaneous parametric down-conversion process (SPDC), where tunable non-Gaussian operations are implemented and the post-processed entanglement is certified in real-time using a single-photon sensitive electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD) camera. The local operations are performed using non-Gaussian filters modulated into a programmable spatial light modulator and, by using the EMCCD camera for actively recording the probability distributions of the twin-photons, one has fine control of the Schmidt number of the distilled state. We show that even simple non-Gaussian filters can be finely tuned to a ~67% net gain of the initial entanglement generated in the SPDC process.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Viabilidad de polen, germinación y crecimiento del tubo polínico in vitro en los cultivares de cerezo ‘Black Tartarian’ y ‘Lapíns’

37 p.En este estudio se evaluó la viabilidad del polen y la germinación de polen in vitro en dos cultivares de cerezo ‘Black Tartarian’ y ‘Lapins’. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca. La colecta de botones florales de ambos cultivares se realizó en el Fundo Marengo, ubicado camino a Los Niches Km. 5.5, provincia de Curicó, Región del Maule, Chile. Se realizaron dos experimentos para evaluar la viabilidad de polen. Uno mediante el método de germinación in vitro del tubo polínico y el otro por tinción TTC. Para el primer experimento, se diseñaron 3 tratamientos, los cuales consistieron en diferentes medios de concentración de sacarosa (10%, 15% y 20 %) con 3 repeticiones por tratamiento, para las cuales se determinó el porcentaje de germinación in vitro del tubo polínico. En el segundo experimento (tinción TTC), se aplicó el tratamiento a los dos cultivares seleccionados, en el cual se evaluó la viabilidad del polen usando la solución de TTC con 3 repeticiones por tratamiento. En el primer experimento, se contabilizaron 100 granos de polen por réplica, en diferentes reas microscópicas elegidas al azar, las cuales fueron analizadas después de 24 horas desde la siembra. Se consideró como polen germinado, a aquel donde la longitud del tubo polínico alcanzó al menos igual o mayor tamaño que el diámetro del grano de polen. En el segundo experimento, transcurridas dos horas desde la aplicación de TTC, se contabilizó un total de 300 pólenes por cada portaobjetos. Se consideró como polen viable aquel polen teñido de color rosa o rojo. Para el método de germinación in vitro del tubo polínico se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, con ordenamiento factorial de 2 (cultivares) x 3 (concentración de sacarosa) y para el método de tinción TTC se utilizó un diseño de un factor (cultivar). Los análisis de los resultados estadísticos permiten concluir que existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la media de germinación del polen in vitro entre los niveles de interacción del cultivar con la concentración de sacarosa, al igual que existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la media de viabilidad del polen (TTC) entre cultivares. Los datos del correspondiente estudio pueden ser utilizados para estándares de nuevos estudios de viabilidad y germinación de polen y para correlacionar ambas variables./ABSTRACT: In this research we evaluated the viability of pollen and the germination of in vitro pollen in two cherry cultivars, ‘Black Tartarian’ and ‘Lapins’. The research was carried out in the facilities of the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Talca campus, University of Talca. The collection of flower buds of both previously mentioned cultivars was made in Fundo Marengo, located in the kilometer 5.5 of Los Niches road, in the Province of Curicó, Maule Region, Chile. Two experiments to evaluate the viability of pollen were made. One through the method of in vitro germination of the pollen tube and the other through TTC staining. For the first one, three treatments were designed, which consisted on different means of sucrose concentration (10%, 15%, and 20%) with three repetitions per treatment, for which the percentage of in vitro germination of the pollen tube was determined. In the second experiment (TTC staining), the treatment was applied to the two selected cultivars, in which the viability of pollen was evaluated by using the solution of TTC with three repetitions per cultivar. In the first experiment 100 grains of pollen per replica were counted in different microscopic areas randomly chosen, which were analyzed 24 hours after seeding. Pollen was considered germinated when the length of the pollen tube reached at least the same or bigger size than the diameter of the pollen grain. In the second experiment, 2 hours after the application of TTC, a total of 300 pollens for each object holder were counted. Pollen was considered viable when stained pink or red. A totally random design was used for the methodology of in vitro germination of the pollen tube, with factorial arrangement of 2 (cultivars) x 3 (sucrose concentration), and for the TTC staining, a one factor design was used (cultivar). The analysis of statistical results allows us to conclude that there is a statistically significant difference between the average of in vitro pollen germination within the levels of interaction of the cultivar, and the concentration of sucrose, as well as there is a statistically significant difference in the average of viability of pollen (TTC) among cultivars. The data of the corresponding research can be used as standards for new viability and pollen germination research, and to correlate both variables

The transport of cosmic rays in self-excited magnetic turbulence

The process of diffusive shock acceleration relies on the efficacy with which hydromagnetic waves can scatter charged particles in the precursor of a shock. The growth of self-generated waves is driven by both resonant and non-resonant processes. We perform high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the non-resonant cosmic-ray driven instability, in which the unstable waves are excited beyond the linear regime. In a snapshot of the resultant field, particle transport simulations are carried out. The use of a static snapshot of the field is reasonable given that the Larmor period for particles is typically very short relative to the instability growth time. The diffusion rate is found to be close to, or below, the Bohm limit for a range of energies. This provides the first explicit demonstration that self-excited turbulence reduces the diffusion coefficient and has important implications for cosmic ray transport and acceleration in supernova remnants.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Lectura de las proporciones utilizadas por el maestro Ayora en las iglesias salón valencianas del XVIII

In the present article it is analyses the building work of the family’s Master Architect Joseph Ayora, and his contribution to the Valencian temples of the XVIIIth conceived following the hallenkirchen model. This master mason was born in a little village of Teruel, he will leave early indications of his activity as tracer and builder in Castellón’s province, where at least he is related to eleven temples, of which five are hall churches. In the Churches of Castell de Cabres and Cinctorres has been documented the authorship of its traces, in Vila-real its contribution was partial, whereas in the churches of Benifairó de les Valls and Suera it is presupposed. The graphical analysis based on the exhaustive raising of planes of the patrimonial constructed work and on the compared study of its regulatory tracings, its metrics and its composition, appears as a veracious tool, capable of clarifying supposed authorships and reveals the template of design of the tracers.En el presente artículo se analiza la obra del Maestro Arquitecto Joseph Ayora y su saga, y su aportación a los templos valencianos del XVIII, concebidos siguiendo el modelo hallenkirchen. Nacido en un pequeño pueblo de Teruel pronto dejará indicios de su actividad como tracista y constructor en la provincia de Castellón, donde al menos se le relaciona con once templos, de los cuales cinco son columnarios. En las Iglesias de Castell de Cabres y Cinctorres ha sido documentada la autoría de sus trazas, en Vila-real su aportación fue parcial, mientras que en las de Benifairó de les Valls y Suera se le presupone. El análisis gráfico basado en el exhaustivo levantamiento de planos de la obra patrimonial construida y en el estudio comparado de sus trazados reguladores, su métrica y su composición, se muestra como una herramienta veraz, capaz de esclarecer presuntas autorías y desvelar el patrón de diseño de los tracistas

The de novo production of halogenated hydroquinone metabolites by the Andean-Patagonian white-rot fungus Phylloporia boldo

The production of halogenated hydroquinone metabolites such as drosophilin A, drosophilin A methyl ether and chloroneb was investigated in the Andean-Patagonian fungus Phylloporia boldo. These chlorinated compounds were detected in both fruiting bodies and living cultures. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) quantification of these molecules was performed in liquid media giving similar values in comparison to previous reports. We observed the concentration of drosophilin A, drosophilin A methyl ether and chloroneb increased in liquid culture supplemented with KCl. Furthermore, chlorinated hydroquinone compounds were not detected using liquid media supplemented with KBr. Instead, brominated aromatic molecules were observed and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We consider these results are relevant for the use of these halogenating microorganisms in biotransformation processes.Fil: Riquelme, C.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Candia, B.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Ruiz, D.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Herrera, M.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Becerra, J.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Pérez, C.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Rajchenberg, Mario. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina. Provincia del Chubut. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Cabrera Pardo, J.R.. University of Utah; Estados Unidos. Universidad del Bio Bio; Chil

Effects of X-rays on Tuta absoluta for use in inherited sterility programmes

Tuta absoluta is a key pest of tomato crops originating from South America. The consequences of X-radiation on this species were studied under laboratory controlled conditions. The effect of radiation on adult emergence was evaluated exposing male and female pupae to increasing X-rays. Adult emergence decreased as doses of X-radiation increased, with the appearance of deformities such as malformed wings and bent legs at doses C350 Gy. Besides, males and females obtained from irradiated pupae were out crossed with untreated counterparts to explore the effects of X-radiation on inherited sterility. (a) Irradiated male 9 untreated female crosses. Both fecundity and fertility of the untreated females were reduced by radiation, and the effect was stronger as the doses increased. Neither the longevity of parental males and F1 adults nor the sex ratios of the F1 and F2 generations were affected by X-radiation (F1 and F2: first and second generation of descendants of irradiated adults). Inherited sterility effects weremanifested by a significant reduction in the F1 fecundity, F1 fertility, and the amount of larvae and pupae produced. Doses of 200?250 Gy could be used to induce inherited sterility in T. absoluta males. (b) Untreated male 9 irradiated female crosses. The minimum dose at which irradiated females were completely sterile was 200 Gy. The present study is the first study in T. absoluta that provides the starting point for implementing the inherited sterility in this species.Fil: Cagnotti, Cynthia Lorena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Viscarret, Mariana Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Riquelme, Maria B.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Botto, Eduardo Norberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Carabajal Paladino, Leonela Zusel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Segura, Diego Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: López, Silvia N.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; Argentin

EFECTO DE EXTRACTOS ACUOSOS DEPhyllanthus sellowianusSOBRE LASPROPIEDADES VISCOELÁSTICAS DE GLÓBULOS ROJOS HUMANOS: ACTIVIDAD ANTIDIABÉTICA IN VITRO

Phyllanthus sellowianusMüll (Klotzch) Arg. is a native plant used for diabetes treatment. It is currently of interest to evaluate its activity on the mechanical properties of human red blood cells to elucidate its mechanism of action as an antidiabetic. For this, aqueous extracts were prepared by various extractive techniques. Using the Erythrocyte Rheometer, the in vitroeffect on the viscoelastic parameters of glycated human red blood cells, as occurs by hyperglycemiain diabetes, was evaluated. The results obtained from the treatment with the extracts show that they affect erythrocyte viscoelasticity and can reverse the glycation effects