Atlas of electron content values observed at Urbana, Illinois, 1 December 1967 - 30 December 1970

Ionospheric electron content versus local time data deduced from Faraday rotation observations of ATS-III geostationary satellite signals at Urbana, Illinois are reported. The data are presented in two forms. Values of subionospheric latitude (SILAT) and subionospheric longitude (SILON) are in degrees north and degrees west, respectively. These are computed on the basis of 350 km for the mean ionospheric height, which value is also used for the calculation of the geometric-magnetic factor, required for the conversion of the measured Faraday rotation angle to electron content. Entries of zero for the electron content in the tables represent no data for those times

Origin and evolution of Gneiss-Charnockite rocks of Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India

A low- to high-grade transition area in Dharmapuri district was investigated petrologically and geochemically. The investigation confirmed the presence of a continuous section through a former lower crust, with felsic charnockites predominating the lower part and felsic gneisses the upper part. The structure of original gneisses is preserved in charnockites and the latter show petrographic evidence for prograde metamorphism. The prograde metamorphism is of isochemical nature as revealed by the similarity of compositions of tonalitic gneisses and tonalitic charnockites. However, the depletion of LIL elements particularly Rb, caused variation in K/Rb ratios from low values (345) in the gneisses in upper part to higher values (1775) in the charnockites in the lower crust. This variation in K/Rb ratio in a north to south traverse is related to the progressive break-down of hydrous minerals under decreasing H2O and increasing CO2 fluid conditions. Metasomatism and partial melting has also taken place to a limited extent along shear planes and weak zones. During cooling the H2O circulation affected substantial auto-regression in the transition zone resulting in the formation of second generation biotite

Search-ability A Domain Quality Factor for Web Software Applications

As organizations become aware of the strategic importance of e-commerce they will also become aware of the need of quality Web sites. In early years the World Wide Web was originally designed to present information to Web surfers using simple sites that consists of hyper linked text. But, Modern Web applications run large-scale software applications for e-commerce, information distribution, entertainment, and numerous other activities. The factors that constitute software quality in traditional data processing are well defined. However, it is necessary to have a full understanding about the quality in the context of World Wide Web. This paper identifies a new quality factor, searchability for the World Wide Web with the checklist of enablers. This factor enables the Web site developers and evaluators to create quality Web sites

Petrology and physical conditions of metamorphism of calcsilicate rocks from low- to high-grade transition area, Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu

Calc-silicate rocks comprising quartz, plagioclase, diopside, sphene, scapolite, grossularite-andradite and wollastonite occur as lensoid enclaves within the greasy migmatitic and charnockitic gneisses of the Archaean amphibolite- to granulite-facies transition zone in Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. The calc-silicate rocks are characterized by the absence of K-feldspar and primary calcite, presence of large modal quartz and plagioclase and formation of secondary garnet and zoisite rims around scapolite and wollastonite. The mineral distributions suggest compositional layering. The chemical composition and mineralogy of the calc-silicate rocks indicate that they were derived from impure silica-rich calcareous sediments whose composition is similar to that of pelite-limestone mixtures. From the mineral assemblages the temperature, pressure and fluid composition during metamorphism were estimated. The observed mineral reaction sequences require a range of X sub CO2 values demonstrating that an initially CO2-rich metamorphic fluid evolved with time towards considerably more H2O-rich compositions. These variations in fluid composition suggest that there were sources of water-rich fluids external to the calc-silicate rocks and that mixing of these fluids with those of calc-silicate rocks was important in controlling fluid composition in calc-silicate rocks and some adjacent rock types as well

A Facile Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Iodate in Table Salt using New Chromogenic Reagents

A simple spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of iodate in table salt samples using thionin or azure B. The method is based on the reaction of iodate with potassium iodide in an acid  medium to liberate iodine. The liberated iodine bleaches the violet colour of thionin or azure B, which are measured at 600 and 644 nm, respectively. This decrease in absorbance is directly proportional to the initial iodate concentration and obeys Beer’s law in the range of 1–12 μg mL–1 of iodate with thionin and 0.2–16 μg mL–1 of iodate with azure B. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of using thionin and azure B were found to be 2.7×104 L mol–11 cm–1, 7.9×10–2 μg cm–2 and2.0 6 × 104 L mol–1 cm–1, 0.85×10–2 μg cm–2, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully used for the determination of iodate in table salt samples.KEYWORDS: Iodate determination, spectrophotometry, thionin, azure B

The deluge of debt : understanding the financial needs of poor households

This paper is about the financial lives of poor households. It examines the different sources of income and expenditure of the poor households residing in a coastal settlement in Kerala. The method of financial diary for data collection is adopted for the study. The sample size is 13. The study finds that more than 50% of the poor households in the socially excluded hamlet are not yet connected with the formal institutionalised system for their financial needs. The poor frequently borrow small amounts from money lenders, friends and relatives even though about 46% of the households had access to SHG [Self Help Groups] or bank linkages. In the sample households, the maximum amounts of over 72% of such loans were less than Rs 500. Debt or borrowed funds constituted about 47% of the resource inflow for the sampled households. The share of food in the expenditure basket of the poor was very high, regardless of the occupation and the source of livelihood of the household. The paper suggests the need for a relook at the design of financial products that banks offer to these underserved, vulnerable clients. The paper also urges more research in the area, and also a clear client consultation process before designing financial products for the poor. Key words: Poor households, Financial inclusion, SHG, Kerala, Moneylender JEL Classification: G2, G20, G2

Potential Anticancer Compounds. II, Synthesis of Some Nitrosiminodiacetic Acid Hydrazides

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati 2

Prescribing pattern of drugs in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis at a tertiary care hospital

Background: CKD (chronic kidney disease) is a general term for heterogeneous disorders affecting kidney structure and its function. It is defined as either kidney damage or a decreased glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 for 3 or more months. Objective of present work is to study the drug utilization pattern in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.Methods: After taking the clearance and approval from the institutional ethics committee, a cross sectional prospective observational study conducted on chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis, in the department of nephrology, of Rajarajeshwari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore. The data was analyzed descriptively.Results: Study included 52 patients, among them 41 males, 11were females, with a mean age of 47.6yrs. In our study large number pt were suffering from hypertension (HTN) 88.46% (46), in them the calcium channel blocker (CCB) 08.48% (38) was most commonly prescribed anti hypertensive drug. Around 1/3 of pt suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) 36.53% (19) most of these patients were treated with them treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), and less than half of pt treated with insulin01.56% (07). Other drugs like phosphate binders (calcium carbonate & acetate) used in 11.16% (50), aspirin in 08.70% (39), statins in 10.04% (45) pt were being most commonly prescribed drugs.  Totally 448 drugs were prescribed In 52 pts Ie about 8.61 drugs / prescription, showing poly pharmacy.Conclusions: Patients undergoing hemodialysis with CKD will be having multiple diseases associated, regular monitoring and counseling regarding these diseases and its complication may reduce the incidence of CKD and the mortality and morbidity associated. The poly pharmacy noted in the study found inevitable because of the multifactorial etiologiesinvolved and needful multi-interventional approach towards it

2-(2-Bromo­phen­yl)acetic acid

In the title mol­ecule, C8H7BrO2, the carboxyl group is twisted by 76.2 (3)° from the benzene ring plane. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into inversion dimers through pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dimers are further linked into layers parallel to the bc plane by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds