MODELING AND SIMULATION OF ROTOR FLUX OBSERVER BASED INDIRECT VECTOR CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE USING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL

The indirect vector controlled inductor motor (IM) drive involves decoupling of the stator current into torque and flux producing components. This paper proposes the implementation of fuzzy logic control scheme applied to a two d-q current components model of an induction motor. A Fuzzy logic Controller is developed with the help of knowledge rule base for efficient and robust control. The performance of Fuzzy Logic Controller is compared with that of the PI controller with rotor flux observer in terms of the settling time and dynamic response to sudden load changes. The harmonic pattern of the output current is evaluated for both fixed gain proportional integral controller and the Fuzzy Logic based controller. The performance of the IM drive has been analyzed under steady state and transient conditions. Simulation results of both the controllers are presented for comparison

Spatiotemporal expression patterns of anxiety disorder-associated genes

不安障害を引き起こす遺伝子群の解析から脳回路を特定 パニック障害などの原因究明に期待. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-12-20.Anxiety disorders (ADs) are the most common form of mental disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Although physiological studies have revealed the neural circuits related to AD symptoms, how AD-associated genes are spatiotemporally expressed in the human brain still remains unclear. In this study, we integrated genome-wide association studies of four human AD subtypes—generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder—with spatial gene expression patterns. Our investigation uncovered a novel division among AD-associated genes, marked by significant and distinct expression enrichments in the cerebral nuclei, limbic, and midbrain regions. Each gene cluster was associated with specific anxiety-related behaviors, signaling pathways, region-specific gene networks, and cell types. Notably, we observed a significant negative correlation in the temporal expression patterns of these gene clusters during various developmental stages. Moreover, the specific brain regions enriched in each gene group aligned with neural circuits previously associated with negative decision-making and anxious temperament. These results suggest that the two distinct gene clusters may underlie separate neural systems involved in anxiety. As a result, our findings bridge the gap between genes and neural circuitry, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying AD-associated behaviors

ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF AERIAL PARTS OF MALVASTRUM COROMANDELIANUM

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the antinociceptive property of hydroalcoholic extract of Malvastrum coromandelianum. Pain is anunpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual and potential tissue damage. Various types of pain are seen in humans, somatic,visceral, and neuropathic pain. M. coromandelianum belongs to Malvaceae family. Traditionally, it is used as an emollient, anti-inflammatory, analgesic,and antidysenteric.Methods: The antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract of M. coromandelianum (HEMC) were evaluated by tail-flick, hot-plate, and acetic acid induced writhing method. Rats were divided into four groups. The first group which served as control was administered with aqueous 1% tragacanthsuspension. The second group received standard drug, morphine (5 mg/kg) orally as a suspension. Third and fourth group received HEMC (200 and400 mg/kg) and served as test drug treatment group, 30 minutes after treatment the reaction time and number of writhes was noted.Results: HEMC produced significant antinociceptive effects against thermally induced pain. In tail-flick method, the peak effect of HEMC 400 mg/kgwas shown at 60 minutes which is nearly equal to the peak effect of morphine 5 mg/kg. In hot-plate method, the HEMC showed significant analgesiceffect up to 3 hrs after the treatment, whereas morphine showed significant effect up to 6 hrs.Conclusion: On the basis of finding, it may conclude that the HEMC shows its central analgesic action probably through inhibition of central pain receptors, whereas peripheral analgesic effect may be mediated by prostaglandin inhibition.Keywords: Pain, Analgesia, Hydroalcoholic extract of Malvastrum coromandelianum, Morphine

Control and Automation Engineering Education: combining physical, remote and virtual labs

Although a large volume of literature is available on mobile commerce (m-commerce), the topic is still under development and offers potential opportunities for further research and applications. Since the subject is at the stage of development, a review of the literature on m-commerce with the objective of bringing to the fore the state-of-art in m-commerce research and applications will initiate further research on the growth of m-commerce technologies. This paper reviews the literature on m- commerce and applications using a suitable classification scheme to identify the gap between theory and practice and future research directions. The 149 m-commerce articles are classified and the results of these are presented based on a scheme that consists of five distinct categories: m-commerce theory and research, wireless network infrastructure, mobile middleware, wireless user infrastructure, and m-commerce applications and cases. A comprehensive list of references is presented. We hope that the findings of this research will provide useful insights into the anatomy of m-commerce literature and be a good source for anyone who is interested in m-commerce. The paper also provides some future directions for research. &nbsp

Optimization and Performance Evaluation of Single Axis Arduino Solar Tracker

The use of clean energy (Solar, Wind etc) in other words, renewable energy is becoming more important for lowering global warming as the world becomes hotter as a result of global warming . The aim of this paper is to consume the maximum solar energy through solar panel. A Solar Tracker is a device onto which solar panels are built-in which tracks the motion of the sun ensuring that maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panels all over the day. Power output from a solar cell will be high when it is facing the sun. The components used for its construction are servo motor, Arduino Mega (microcontroller) and LDR. Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) are used for sunlight detection. The active sensors continuously monitor the sunlight and alternate the panel towards the direction of the sun. Four light dependent resistors (LDR) have been used to trace the synchronization of sunlight by detecting brightness level of sunlight. For rotation, two standard servo motors are been used. The effectiveness of output power will increase when compared with the traditional model(Fixed solar panel)

Middleware Layer Reliability Assessment in Multi Cloud Computing System

Enterprises are majorly adopting cloud computing which offers a large pool of services to users. But the capability of cloud computing is limited and some enterprises often require various cloud centers to integrate in order to deliver services to business users. So Multi Cloud Computing System (MCCS) provides integrated services across multiple autonomous clouds. Based on the dynamic parameterization of Virtual Machines (VM) an MCCS platform can build effectively. Thus multiple VMs can collaborate to provide as service with a transparent manner, facilitates a scalable environment, allocate resources dynamically and supports unlimited computing and storage service capabilities. Thus VM plays an important role in MCCS. This paper focuses on middleware layer and proposes framework for reliability assessment mechanism of middleware layer of MCCS

A review on novel COVID-19: background, etiology, pathogenesis, transmission, prevention and management

Mankind's history is watching a bizarre time battling an imperceptible adversary, the novel COVID-19 Coronavirus. At first seen in the Wuhan province of China, presently limitlessly spreading all over world. How the COVID 19 has been made on the globe become Pandemic needs no depiction. The virus has been accounted for affecting the lungs and related respiratory tracts promoting harm of the alveoli. It has been accounted that the respiratory sickness is the prevailing Clinical symptom of COVID-19. This review article discusses an easily understanding of the causes, different type of Human viruses regarded of Coronavirus, clinical diagnosis of RT-PCR, FET, Primary prevention and control of the virus. Therefore, this review article main theme is to provide more reliable and valid information to control and manage public emergency in both acute and chronic conditions of coronaviru

Preparation and evaluation of adipic dihydrazide cross-linked hyaluronic acid microspheres for cephalexin

Hyaluronic acid also called as Hyaluronan, Sodium Hyaluronate (SA), sodium salt form of Hyaluronic acid is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and viscoelastic linear polysaccharide of a wide molecular weight range (1000 to 10,000,000 Da). In this project, described a method for preparing HA microspheres at different pH conditions by adapting a non-toxic and aqueous based crosslinking chemistry for sustained drug delivery of drugs. The derivatization chemistry of HA utilizing adipic dihydrazide has been used to construct hydrogels, applied for microsphere preparation. ADH was coupled efficiently to carbodimide-activated glucoronic acid residues of hyluronans. These ADH modified hyaluronan can be loaded with drug molecules and then cross linked into hydrogel. The drug was present in the bulk of hydrogel droplets which are present in liquid paraffin are precipitated by IPA. Formulating HA microspheres with this method have several advantages. Preliminary studies were conducted to confirm the better ratio of HA and ADH to show maximum entrapment efficiency and drug release. Then microspheres were prepared at different pH conditions and formulations were subjected to evaluation of various parameters like percentage yield, particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, porosity and bulk density, surface morphology, in vitro drug release among which F2B was optimized as best formulation which showed 74.6% entrapment efficiency and above 90% of drug release in 12 hours indicating Hyaluronic acid microspheres can be used as good carriers for sustained drug delivery of drugs

Wireless Data Gloves Controlled Virtual Musical Instrument

In this paper we describe the Data Glove Controlled Virtual Musical Instruments. Traditionally musical instruments are very bulky and expensive to carrying it, whenever user wants to play it. Now the mew system is generated which helps user to play musical instruments virtually, using data glove and computer system. The data glove is input device to the system which is made with the help of flex based register and which helps to tracking gesture made by user. These gestures are playing various musical instruments. Data glove produces the triggered signal which is receives by music generation system. This triggered signal used to play the predefined musical notes of instruments. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15035