55 research outputs found
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of seeds oils and fruit juice of Opuntia Ficus Indica and Opuntia Dillenii from Morocco
peer reviewedThis study provides basic information on the mineral composition of the seeds and antioxidant activity in seeds oils and fruit juices of cactus belonging to two species Opuntia ficus indica and Opuntia dillenii, from Morocco (Oujda), in order to evaluate the nutritional value of the Opuntia extracts. Minerals determined from dry seeds of Opuntia ficus indica and Opuntia dillenii were: calcium 480.93 and 408.28; phosphorus 1417.59 and 970.15; potassium 304.51 and 201.96; magnesium: 316.59 and 240.30; sodium: 48.33 and 18.18; zinc: 70.77 and 78.26 mg/100g respectively. The main fatty acids of Opuntia ficus indica and Opuntia dillenii seed oil were
respectively: linoleic acid: 58.79 and 79.83%, Palmitic acid: 11.18 and 13.52%. The antioxidant activity of Opuntia ficus indica and Opuntia dillenii seed oils and fruit juices were assessed by means of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay and ascorbic acid test. The results showed that the antioxidant activities of Opuntia ficus indica and Opuntia dillenii seed oil (IC50 = 19.79 Β± 0.023 and 27.21 Β± 0.075 ΞΌL/mL) are higher than that of the reference ascorbic acid (IC50 = 16.56 Β± 0.019 ΞΌg/mL). However, the Opuntia dillenii
juice presents antioxidant activity more important than this of Opuntia seed oil and ascorbic acid. It possessed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 8.18 ΞΌL/mL). The antioxidant activity of the seed oil and juice were also found to be concentration-dependent
Experimental analysis of behavior and damage of sandwich composite materials in three-point bending. Part 1. Static tests and stiffness degradation at failure studies
The analysis of stiffness and the identification
of rupture mechanisms during and after static
tests of sandwich panels and their components
have been investigated. The sandwich panels,
having cross-ply laminates skins made of glass
fibre and epoxy resin were manufactured by
vacuum moulding and subjected to three-point
bending tests. Two PVC cores of similar type
but with differing densities were investigated.
The effect of core density and its thickness on
the behavior and the damage was highlighted.
In terms of stiffness and load at failure, the
sandwich structure has better mechanical
characteristics compared to its components.ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½Ρ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΈ
ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ
ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π³ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ-
Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ,
ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ ΡΠ· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·
Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΈ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ
ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Experimental Analysis of Behavior and Damage of Sandwich Composite Materials in Three-Point Bending. Part 2. Fatigue Test Results and Damage Mechanisms
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΒΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈΜΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈΜΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΒ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΒΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΈΜ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΜ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΜ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ SD 2 Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΜΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΒΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ SD 1 Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΜ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΆΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½
ΡΠ· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ· ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π·
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π³ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ
Π΄Π²Π° Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π· ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°
ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ
Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΡΠ· Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ SD 2 Π· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ SD 1 ΡΠ· Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.The analysis o f stiffness degradation and the
identification o f damage mechanisms during and
after fatigue tests of sandwich panels with PVC
foam cores have been performed. The sandwich
panels with cross-ply laminates skins made of
glass fiber and epoxy resin were manufactured
by vacuum moulding and subjected to three-point
bending tests. Two PVC cores of similar type but
with differing densities were investigated. The effect
o f core density and thickness on the damage
behavior was highlighted. Using the cyclic life
criterion, fatigue curves were plotted according
to two models and compared with those o f the literature.
It has been demonstrated that the
sandwich SD 2, with the higher core density, withstands
a higher load and possesses greater rigidity
in static tests, combined with an enhanced
fatigue resistance when compared to sandwich
SD 1 which has a lower core density
The barite ore deposits of Bou Ouzzal (Moroccan Hercynian Massif-Central)
The deposit of Bou Ouzzalβs barite is located in the eastern extreme of the Moroccan Hercynian Massif-
Central, to approximately 7 km to the south of KhΓ©nifra. The mineralization occurs in the paleozoic schists
and late Visean limestones. The barite appears in the shape of veins and karst associated with oxides and
iron hydroxides. This deposit is distinguished by his great heterogeneity and the variability of his composition.
In spite of the fact that the region has been an object of numbers mining works from 1922, date in which
the deposit was discovered, the analytical studies are scarce and half-close to the mineralization. The aim
of the present note is concentrated on the detailed description of the different generations of barite, his
distribution and relation with the ironβs minerals. The samples have been studied by polarizing microscopy,
SEM, XRD, XRF and EPMA.
This work is the preliminary result of the collaboration established between the University Mohammed VAgdal
and the University Complutense of Madrid within the framework of the Spanish-Moroccan Intervarsity
Cooperationβs program of the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation Β«AECI
Livestock browsing affects the species composition and structure of cloud forest in the Dhofar Mountains of Oman
Questions: It is frequently reported that overstocking of camels, cattle and goats is degrading the Anogeissus cloud forest, which is endemic to a 200 km stretch of coastal mountains in southern Arabia. However, livestock impacts on the vegetation have not been assessed. Furthermore, we have a limited understanding of the impacts of large-bodied browsing livestock, such as camels, in woodland and forest rangelands. Therefore, in this study, we examine the effects of livestock browsing on the species composition, density, and hytomorphology of woody vegetation in the Anogeissus cloud forests in the Dhofar Mountains of Oman.
Location: Data was collected at 30 sites in the Jabal Qamar mountain range in western Dhofar, Oman.
Methods: The point-centered quarter method was used to sample the composition, density and structure of woody vegetation. Constrained correspondence analysis was used to quantify the effects of livestock browsing on woody plant species composition, whilst effects on plant density were analysed using mixed effects models. Standardised major axis regression was used to examine differences in height-diameter allometry (stunting) under different stocking rates.
Results: Fog density, topographic position and long-term stocking rates were found to be important factors affecting woody species composition. We found lower species diversity and plant density, and higher frequencies of unpalatable species, under higher stocking rates. Juveniles showed a stronger response to stocking rates than adults, and several common species exhibited stunted morphology under high stocking rates.
Conclusions: Browsing by large-bodied livestock, such as camels and cattle, can substantially alter the species composition, structure, and phytomorphology of woody vegetation in semi-arid woodlands and forests. Juveniles are particularly susceptible to browsing which alters woody vegetation demography and inhibits regeneration potential. Our results support previous suggestions of overstocking in Dhofar and highlight the importance of swift measures to reduce livestock browsing pressure in the Anogeissus cloud forests
Clinical standards for the diagnosis and management of asthma in low- and middle-income countries
BACKGROUND:
The aim of these clinical standards is to aid the diagnosis and management of asthma in low-resource settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
METHODS:
A panel of 52 experts in the field of asthma in LMICs participated in a two-stage Delphi process to establish and reach a consensus on the clinical standards.
RESULTS:
Eighteen clinical standards were defined: Standard 1, Every individual with symptoms and signs compatible with asthma should undergo a clinical assessment; Standard 2, In individuals (>6 years) with a clinical assessment supportive of a diagnosis of asthma, a hand-held spirometry measurement should be used to confirm variable expiratory airflow limitation by demonstrating an acute response to a bronchodilator; Standard 3, Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry should be performed in individuals (>6 years) to support diagnosis before treatment is commenced if there is diagnostic uncertainty; Standard 4, Individuals with an acute exacerbation of asthma and clinical signs of hypoxaemia or increased work of breathing should be given supplementary oxygen to maintain saturation at 94β98%; Standard 5, Inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABAs) should be used as an emergency reliever in individuals with asthma via an appropriate spacer device for metered-dose inhalers; Standard 6, Short-course oral corticosteroids should be administered in appropriate doses to individuals having moderate to severe acute asthma exacerbations (minimum 3β5 days); Standard 7, Individuals having a severe asthma exacerbation should receive emergency care, including oxygen therapy, systemic corticosteroids, inhaled bronchodilators (e.g., salbutamol with or without ipratropium bromide) and a single dose of intravenous magnesium sulphate should be considered; Standard 8, All individuals with asthma should receive education about asthma and a personalised action plan; Standard 9, Inhaled medications (excluding dry-powder devices) should be administered via an appropriate spacer device in both adults and children. Children aged 0β3 years will require the spacer to be coupled to a face mask; Standard 10, Children aged <5 years with asthma should receive a SABA as-needed at step 1 and an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) to cover periods of wheezing due to respiratory viral infections, and SABA as-needed and daily ICS from step 2 upwards; Standard 11, Children aged 6β11 years with asthma should receive an ICS taken whenever an inhaled SABA is used; Standard 12, All adolescents aged 12β18 years and adults with asthma should receive a combination inhaler (ICS and rapid onset of action long-acting beta-agonist [LABA] such as budesonide-formoterol), where available, to be used either as-needed (for mild asthma) or as both maintenance and reliever therapy, for moderate to severe asthma; Standard 13, Inhaled SABA alone for the management of patients aged >12 years is not recommended as it is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. It should only be used where there is no access to ICS. The following standards (14β18) are for settings where there is no access to inhaled medicines. Standard 14, Patients without access to corticosteroids should be provided with a single short course of emergency oral prednisolone; Standard 15, Oral SABA for symptomatic relief should be used only if no inhaled SABA is available. Adjust to the individualβs lowest beneficial dose to minimise adverse effects; Standard 16, Oral leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) can be used as a preventive medication and is preferable to the use of long-term oral systemic corticosteroids; Standard 17, In exceptional circumstances, when there is a high risk of mortality from exacerbations, low-dose oral prednisolone daily or on alternate days may be considered on a case-by-case basis; Standard 18. Oral theophylline should be restricted for use in situations where it is the only bronchodilator treatment option available.
CONCLUSION:
These first consensus-based clinical standards for asthma management in LMICs are intended to help clinicians provide the most effective care for people in resource-limited settings
- β¦