Locally class-presentable and class-accessible categories

We generalize the concepts of locally presentable and accessible categories. Our framework includes such categories as small presheaves over large categories and ind-categories. This generalization is intended for applications in the abstract homotopy theory

Brown representability for space-valued functors

In this paper we prove two theorems which resemble the classical cohomological and homological Brown representability theorems. The main difference is that our results classify small contravariant functors from spaces to spaces up to weak equivalence of functors. In more detail, we show that every small contravariant functor from spaces to spaces which takes coproducts to products up to homotopy and takes homotopy pushouts to homotopy pullbacks is naturally weekly equivalent to a representable functor. The second representability theorem states: every contravariant continuous functor from the category of finite simplicial sets to simplicial sets taking homotopy pushouts to homotopy pullbacks is equivalent to the restriction of a representable functor. This theorem may be considered as a contravariant analog of Goodwillie's classification of linear functors.Comment: 19 pages, final version, accepted by the Israel Journal of Mathematic

Truncated derived functors and spectral sequences

The $E_2$ term of the Adams spectral sequence may be identified with certain derived functors, and this also holds for a number of other spectral sequences. Our goal is to show how the higher terms of such spectral sequences are determined by truncations of relative derived functors, defined in terms of certain simplicial functors called mapping algebra

Admissible replacements for simplicial monoidal model categories

Using Dugger’s construction of universal model categories, we produce replacements for simplicial and combinatorial symmetric monoidal model categories with better operadic properties. Namely, these replacements admit a model structure on algebras over any given colored operad. As an application, we show that in the stable case, such symmetric monoidal model categories are classified by commutative ring spectra when the monoidal unit is a compact generator. In other words, they are strong monoidally Quillen equivalent to modules over a uniquely determined commutative ring spectrum

Динаміка морфологічних та біохімічних показників крові молодняку свиней за використання засобів Globigen® Pig Doser та Globigen ® Jump Start за різних способів їх утримання

The article deals with the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start products, which contain specific Ig Y, which is characterized by pronounced immunostimulating properties. A comprehensive analysis of the use and influence of these agents on the morphological and biochemical indicators of the blood of young pigs under conditions of intensive technologies under different methods of cultivation in different periods of their growth and development – 30, 60, and 120 days – was carried out. It was set that the use of the proposed means had a prolonged positive effect, which concerning hematological indicators, mainly appeared by an increase in the number of erythrocytes and the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood of experimental groups of animals of both farms of all age periods. It is worth noting that in the farm with single-phase breeding of pigs (FE PE “Glynyany Agro”) under the influence of Globigen®Pig Doser, the number of erythrocytes in the blood of animals was increased and, corresponding to the physiological norm, fluctuated between 7.09 and 7.43 T/l, and the concentration of hemoglobin, having reached the maximum value, in the blood of all experimental groups of animals was 108.62–112.77 g/l. In the farm, which practices three-phase pig breeding (“Meat Resources” Ltd.), under the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser, a pronounced effect has appeared in animals 60 and 120 days old; the number of erythrocytes in their blood was increased to 7.46–7.69 T/l, and under the influence of Globigen® Jump Start, a tendency to a gradual increase in hemoglobin concentration was observed, which stopped at 99.28 g/l in 120-day-old piglets. Evaluating the level of protein metabolism in animals under the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start, a tendency to increase the total protein content, compared to the control, in the blood of animals in all age periods in both farms was set. It was noted that under the action of Globigen®Jump Start, the total protein content in the blood of 120-day-old piglets from a farm with single-phase farming (FE PE “Glynyany Agro”) was 76.38 g/l, and in a farm with three-phase farming (Ltd. “Meat resources”) 75.08 g/l. In addition, it was set that the normalization of the ratio of protein fractions, in particular, the use of Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start, increased the synthesis of albumin and normalized gamma-globulin to the level of the physiological norm. The “Glynyany Agro” FE found a more pronounced effect with single-phase piglet rearing. It was concluded that Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start positively influence maintaining body homeostasis.У статті розкриваються питання впливу засобів Globigen®Pig Doser та Globigen®Jump Start, до складу яких входить специфічний Ig Y, який характеризується вираженими імуностимулювальними властивостями. Проведено комплексний аналіз застосування і впливу цих засобів на морфологічні та біохімічні показники крові молодняку свиней в умовах інтенсивних технологій за різних способів вирощування в різні періоди їхнього росту й розвитку – 30, 60 і 120 діб. Встановлено, що використання запропонованих засобів мало позитивний пролонгований ефект, який стосовно гематологічних показників, головним чином проявлявся зростанням кількості еритроцитів та концентрації гемоглобіну у крові дослідних груп тварин обох господарств всіх вікових періодів. Варто зазначити, що в господарстві з однофазним вирощування свиней (ФГ ПП “Глиняни Агро”) за дії засобу Globigen®Pig Doser кількість еритроцитів у крові тварин зросла і, відповідаючи фізіологічній нормі, коливалась в межах 7,09–7,43 Т/л, а концентрація гемоглобіну, набувши максимального значення, в крові усіх дослідних груп тварин становила 108,62–112,77 г/л. В господарстві, в якому практикують трифазне вирощування свиней (ТзОВ “М’ясні ресурси”), за дії засобу Globigen®Pig Doser виражений ефект проявився у тварин 60- та 120-добового віку, кількість еритроцитів у крові яких зросла до позначки 7,46–7,69 Т/л, а за дії засобу Globigen®Jump Start спостерігалась тенденція до поступового зростання концентрації гемоглобіну, яка зупинилась на позначці 99,28 г/л у 120-добових поросят. Оцінюючи рівень білкового обміну у тварин за дії Globigen®Pig Doser та Globigen®Jump Start, встановлено тенденцію зростання вмісту загального білка, порівняно з контролем, у крові тварин в усі вікові періоди в обох господарствах. Відмічено, що за дії Globigen®Jump Start у крові поросят 120-добового віку господарства з однофазним вирощуванням (ФГ ПП “Глиняни Агро”) вміст загального білка становив 76,38 г/л, а в господарстві з трифазним вирощуванням (ТзОВ “М’ясні ресурси”) – 75,08 г/л. Крім того, встановлено нормалізацію співвідношення білкових фракцій, зокрема застосування Globigen®Pig Doser та Globigen®Jump Start підвищувало синтез альбумінової та нормалізувало гама-глобулінову до рівня фізіологічної норми. Більш виражений ефект встановлено у ФГ ПП “Глиняни Агро”, за однофазного вирощування поросят. Зроблено висновок про те, що засоби Globigen®Pig Doser та Globigen®Jump Start позитивно впливають на підтримання гомеостазу організму

Nanomedical Theranostics in Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. New diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are needed to mitigate this public health issue. Advances in nanotechnology have generated innovative strategies for diagnosis and therapy in a variety of diseases, foremost in cancer. Based on these studies, a novel concept referred to as nanomedical theranostics, or the combinatory application of nanoparticulate agents to allow diagnostic therapy, is being explored to enable image-guided, personalized, or targeted treatment. Preclinically, theranostics have been gradually applied to CVD with several interesting and encouraging findings. This article summarizes studies and challenges of nanotheranostic strategies in CVD. It also evaluates nanotheranostic strategies that may potentially be utilized to benefit patients

Regulation of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor by the classical and alternative NF-κB pathways in intestinal epithelial cells

The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) transports IgA antibodies across intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Expression of pIgR is upregulated by proinflammatory signaling pathways via activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Here, we examined the contributions of the RelA-dependent classical and RelB-dependent alternative pathways of NF-κB to pIgR regulation in the HT-29 human IEC line following stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand), and polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (pIC; TLR3 ligand). Whereas induction of proinflammatory genes such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) required only RelA, pIgR expression was regulated by complex mechanisms that involved both RelA and RelB. Upregulation of pIgR expression by ligation of the lymphotoxin-β receptor suggested a direct role for the alternative NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases reduced the induction of IL-8, but enhanced the induction of pIgR by TNF and TLR signaling. Regulation of pIgR through unique signaling pathways could allow IECs to sustain high levels of IgA transport while limiting the proinflammatory responses

Экспериментальное исследование теплогидравлических характеристик оребренных плоских труб аппарата воздушного охлаждения масла

Air cooling devices are heat exchange units that are widely used in practice. However, they have a number of disadvantages due to the low value of the heat transfer coefficient from the air and the high resistance of finned tube bundles, which leads to large dimensions and the metal content of the device itself, to the need to develop a high power ventilator drive, but also to the need to demonstrate reduced energy efficiency. The objective of the present work is to determine optimal geometric sizes of finned flat heat exchange tubes manufactured by the techniques of extrusion and deforming cutting that reduce the weight and size characteristics of the heat exchange section of air cooling devices. The experimental studies of seven various samples of heat exchange sections, being different in fin pitch and height, tube section width, flat tube height and a number of inner channels, have determined the performance of each section with the use of the following criteria: thermal power, thermal efficiency, specific thermal heat transfer resistance, M. V. Kirpichev and V. M. Antuf’ev’s criteria. The obtained experimental data and the analysis of the passive method of enhancement in the near-wall area of the heat transfer surface finned by deforming cutting has shown that sample No 5 has maximum value of the performance criteria when the maximum height of a fin is 0.008 m and the minimum pitch of a fin is 0.0025 m over the investigated sample range. Thus, when the sizes of an oil air cooling device are maintained by using the amended heat transfer section of sample No 5, the amount of removed heat can be increased or the mass and dimensions of the device can be decreased while maintaining thermal power and, as a result, the power consumption for pumping can be decreased and the thermal-hydraulic performance of the device as a whole can be increased.Аппараты воздушного охлаждения представляют собой класс теплообменных агрегатов, широко применяемых на практике. Однако они обладают рядом недостатков, обусловленных малым значением коэффициента теплоотдачи со стороны воздуха и большим сопротивлением оребренных трубных пучков. Это приводит к большим габаритам и металлоемкости самого устройства, к необходимости развивать высокую мощность привода вентилятора, что снижает энергетическую эффективность. Цель исследований – определение оптимальных геометрических размеров оребренных плоских теплообменных труб, получаемых методами экструзии и деформирующего резания, обеспечивающих снижение массогабаритных характеристик теплообменной секции аппаратов воздушного охлаждения. На основании проведенных экспериментов с семью различными образцами теплообменных секций, отличающихся шагом и высотой ребер, шириной секции трубы, высотой плоской трубы и количеством внутренних каналов, установлена эффективность каждой секции по таким показателям, как: тепловая мощность, тепловая эффективность, удельное термическое сопротивление теплопередаче, критерии М. В. Кирпичева и В. М. Антуфьева. Полученные экспериментальные данные и анализ пассивного метода воздействия на пристенную область теплопередающей поверхности за счет оребрения методом деформирующего резания показывают, что максимальное значение критериев эффективности наблюдается у образца № 5 с наибольшей высотой (0,008 м) и минимальным шагом ребер (0,0025 м) в исследованном диапазоне. Таким образом, при сохранении геометрических размеров аппарата воздушного охлаждения масла за счет использования улучшенной секции теплообменного аппарата (образец № 5) возможно увеличение количества отводимой теплоты или уменьшение массогабаритных характеристик при сохранении тепловой мощности и, как следствие, снижение затрат мощности на прокачку и повышение теплогидравлической эффективности аппарата в целом

A Concerted Kinase Interplay Identifies PPARγ as a Molecular Target of Ghrelin Signaling in Macrophages

The peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor PPARγ plays an essential role in vascular biology, modulating macrophage function and atherosclerosis progression. Recently, we have described the beneficial effect of combined activation of the ghrelin/GHS-R1a receptor and the scavenger receptor CD36 to induce macrophage cholesterol release through transcriptional activation of PPARγ. Although the interplay between CD36 and PPARγ in atherogenesis is well recognized, the contribution of the ghrelin receptor to regulate PPARγ remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that ghrelin triggers PPARγ activation through a concerted signaling cascade involving Erk1/2 and Akt kinases, resulting in enhanced expression of downstream effectors LXRα and ABC sterol transporters in human macrophages. These effects were associated with enhanced PPARγ phosphorylation independently of the inhibitory conserved serine-84. Src tyrosine kinase Fyn was identified as being recruited to GHS-R1a in response to ghrelin, but failure of activated Fyn to enhance PPARγ Ser-84 specific phosphorylation relied on the concomitant recruitment of docking protein Dok-1, which prevented optimal activation of the Erk1/2 pathway. Also, substitution of Ser-84 preserved the ghrelin-induced PPARγ activity and responsiveness to Src inhibition, supporting a mechanism independent of Ser-84 in PPARγ response to ghrelin. Consistent with this, we found that ghrelin promoted the PI3-K/Akt pathway in a Gαq-dependent manner, resulting in Akt recruitment to PPARγ, enhanced PPARγ phosphorylation and activation independently of Ser-84, and increased expression of LXRα and ABCA1/G1. Collectively, these results illustrate a complex interplay involving Fyn/Dok-1/Erk and Gαq/PI3-K/Akt pathways to transduce in a concerted manner responsiveness of PPARγ to ghrelin in macrophages