Les teneurs en carbone, azote et phosphore du sol sur l’occurrence de Lippia multiflora M. (théier de savane) et la composition chimique de son huile essentielle extraite des feuilles au Nord-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire

Pour améliorer les productions quantitative et qualitative de l’huile  essentielle de Lippia multiflora, l’influence du sol via ses teneurs en carbone (C), azote total (NT), phosphore total (PT) et phosphore assimilable (PA) a été évaluée sur les Coefficients d’Abondance-Dominance (CAD) de la plante, le rendement et les teneurs des composés volatils. Trois peuplements naturels de L. multiflora ont été choisis le long d’une toposéquence dans la zone de Séguéla. Sur chaque peuplement, les CAD ont été évalués, les échantillons de feuilles et sol ont été prélevés. Le rendement des huiles essentielles a été calculé et la composition chimique de ces huiles a été analysée. Les teneurs en C, NT, PT et PA du sol ont été déterminés. Des corrélations ont été établies entre les nutriments du sol et les CAD ainsi que les rendements et les teneurs des constituants majoritaires des huiles essentielles. Les résultats ont montré l’influence significative du phosphore assimilable et de l’azote total du sol sur  l’occurrence, le rendement et les teneurs des constituants majoritaires des huiles essentielles de L. multiflora. La culture de L. multiflora nécessiterait un apport de phosphore et d’azote au sol pour produire une huile  essentielle de chémotype 1,8-Cinéole dans les feuilles.Mots clés : Lippia multiflora, huile essentielle, chémotype, toposéquence, nutriments du sol

Occurrence et composition chimique de l’huile essentielle des feuilles de Lippia multiflora M. (thé de savane) selon le pH, les teneurs en Carbone, en Azote et Phosphore du sol en zones de savane guinéenne en Côte d’Ivoire

Pour améliorer les productions quantitative et qualitative de l’huile essentielle de Lippia multiflora, plante adventice aromatique, l’influence du sol via son pH, ses teneurs en C, NT, PT et PA a été évaluée sur les Coefficients d’Abondance-Dominance (CAD) de la plante et la concentration de l’huile essentielle de ses feuilles associée à celle de leurs composantes volatiles. Trois sites de peuplement naturel de L. multiflora, au stade de floraison, ont été choisis chacun dans les régions de Bouaflé, Séguéla et Yamoussoukro. Sur chaque site, les CAD ont été évalués et les échantillons de feuilles et de sol ont été prélevés, à mi-versant. La composition chimique de l’huile extraite des feuilles a été analysée. Au niveau du sol, le pH, les teneurs en carbone (C), en azote (N), en phosphore assimilable (P) et en phosphore total (Pt) ont été déterminés. Des corrélations ont été établies entre les paramètres du sol et le CAD ainsi que les teneurs des constituants majoritaires des huiles essentielles. Les résultats ont montré l’influence significative du phosphore assimilable du sol sur l’occurrence et les teneurs des constituants majoritaires des huiles essentielles de L. multiflora. Il serait possible de cultiver L. multiflora, dans la savane guinéenne, en appliquant le phosphore pour une production importante et l’obtention d’une plus grande concentration de Citral, 1,8-Cinéole et Linalol dans l’huile essentielle des feuilles.Mots-clés: Lippia multiflora, huile essentielle, chimiotype, écosystème, mi-versant, interaction des nutriments.Occurrence and Leave extractable essential oil of Lippia multiflora M. (Verbenaceae) contents as affected by soil acidity, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in guinean savannah of Côte d’Ivoire For generating a strategy of quantitative and qualitative productions of invasive aromatic plant, L. multiflora, influence of soil pH and the contents of organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (NT), total (PT) and available (PA) phosphorus were explored via dominant-abundance index (DAI) of species as well as the leave extractable essential oil constituents contents. In three sites (Bouaflé, Séguéla and Yamoussoukro), corresponding DAI were recorded coupled with soil and leave sampling at middle slope. Soil pH and the contents of C, NT, PT and PA were determined as well as the concentrations of essential oil constituents. The relationship was established between soil parameters and DAI thus those majority constituents of essential oil contents. The result showed significant influence between PA and occurrence thus those essential oils majority constituents of L. multiflora contents. In order to produce and to obtain high quantity of Citral, 1,8-Cinéole et Linalol of essential oil from leave, the cultivation of L. multiflora may be possible, in guinean savannah, with the applying phosphorus.Keywords: Lippia multiflora, essential oil, chemotype, ecosystem, middle slope, nutriments relationship

Adult non-communicable disease mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites

Background: Mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a major global issue, as other categories of mortality have diminished and life expectancy has increased. The World Health Organization's Member States have called for a 25% reduction in premature NCD mortality by 2025, which can only be achieved by substantial reductions in risk factors and improvements in the management of chronic conditions. A high burden of NCD mortality among much older people, who have survived other hazards, is inevitable. The INDEPTH Network collects detailed individual data within defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. Objective: To describe patterns of adult NCD mortality from INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories, with separate consideration of premature (15–64 years) and older (65+ years) NCD mortality. Design: All adult deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates. Results: A total of 80,726 adult (over 15 years) deaths were documented over 7,423,497 person-years of observation. NCDs were attributed as the cause for 35.6% of these deaths. Slightly less than half of adult NCD deaths occurred in the 15–64 age group. Detailed results are presented by age and sex for leading causes of NCD mortality. Per-site rates of NCD mortality were significantly correlated with rates of HIV/AIDS-related mortality. Conclusions: These findings present important evidence on the distribution of NCD mortality across a wide range of African and Asian settings. This comes against a background of global concern about the burden of NCD mortality, especially among adults aged under 70, and provides an important baseline for future work.P. Kim Streatfield ... Yohannes A. Melaku ... et al

COVID-19, A Global Health Concern Requiring Science-Based Solutions

Scientifically-based concrete action points to reduce the spread, lessen the impact, reduce the concerns of the wider population, and avoid further outbreaks for governments, organizations, and individuals are neededFinal Published versio

Adult non-communicable disease mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites.

BACKGROUND: Mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a major global issue, as other categories of mortality have diminished and life expectancy has increased. The World Health Organization's Member States have called for a 25% reduction in premature NCD mortality by 2025, which can only be achieved by substantial reductions in risk factors and improvements in the management of chronic conditions. A high burden of NCD mortality among much older people, who have survived other hazards, is inevitable. The INDEPTH Network collects detailed individual data within defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of adult NCD mortality from INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories, with separate consideration of premature (15-64 years) and older (65+ years) NCD mortality. DESIGN: All adult deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates. RESULTS: A total of 80,726 adult (over 15 years) deaths were documented over 7,423,497 person-years of observation. NCDs were attributed as the cause for 35.6% of these deaths. Slightly less than half of adult NCD deaths occurred in the 15-64 age group. Detailed results are presented by age and sex for leading causes of NCD mortality. Per-site rates of NCD mortality were significantly correlated with rates of HIV/AIDS-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: These findings present important evidence on the distribution of NCD mortality across a wide range of African and Asian settings. This comes against a background of global concern about the burden of NCD mortality, especially among adults aged under 70, and provides an important baseline for future work

Mortality from external causes in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sites.

BACKGROUND: Mortality from external causes, of all kinds, is an important component of overall mortality on a global basis. However, these deaths, like others in Africa and Asia, are often not counted or documented on an individual basis. Overviews of the state of external cause mortality in Africa and Asia are therefore based on uncertain information. The INDEPTH Network maintains longitudinal surveillance, including cause of death, at population sites across Africa and Asia, which offers important opportunities to document external cause mortality at the population level across a range of settings. OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of mortality from external causes at INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories. DESIGN: All deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates. RESULTS: A total of 5,884 deaths due to external causes were documented over 11,828,253 person-years. Approximately one-quarter of those deaths were to children younger than 15 years. Causes of death were dominated by childhood drowning in Bangladesh, and by transport-related deaths and intentional injuries elsewhere. Detailed mortality rates are presented by cause of death, age group, and sex. CONCLUSIONS: The patterns of external cause mortality found here generally corresponded with expectations and other sources of information, but they fill some important gaps in population-based mortality data. They provide an important source of information to inform potentially preventive intervention designs