Application of Sharafutdinov's Ray Transform in Integrated Photoelasticity

We explain the main concepts centered around Sharafutdinov's ray transform, its kernel, and the extent to which it can be inverted. It is shown how the ray transform emerges naturally in any attempt to reconstruct optical and stress tensors within a photoelastic medium from measurements on the state of polarization of light beams passing through the strained medium. The problem of reconstruction of stress tensors is crucially related to the fact that the ray transform has a nontrivial kernel; the latter is described by a theorem for which we provide a new proof which is simpler and shorter as in Sharafutdinov's original work, as we limit our scope to tensors which are relevant to Photoelasticity. We explain how the kernel of the ray transform is related to the decomposition of tensor fields into longitudinal and transverse components. The merits of the ray transform as a tool for tensor reconstruction are studied by walking through an explicit example of reconstructing the $\sigma_{33}$-component of the stress tensor in a cylindrical photoelastic specimen. In order to make the paper self-contained we provide a derivation of the basic equations of Integrated Photoelasticity which describe how the presence of stress within a photoelastic medium influences the passage of polarized light through the material

Peran Orangtua Terhadap Persepsi dan Pengetahuan Remaja Putri Tentang Menarche di Desa Kuanheun

Latar Belakang. Masa remaja merupakan masa peralihan dari masa kanak-kanak menuju dewasa. Salah satu tanda kematangan fisik dan seksual pada perempuan adalah terjadinya menarche. Peristiwa terpenting yang terjadi pada masa pubertas remaja putri adalah datangnya menstruasi pertama yang dinamakan menarche yang menjadi pertanda biologis dari kematangan seksual. Idealnya seorang remaja putri belajar atau mengetahui tentang  menstruasi dari ibunya. Tidak selamanya ibu dapat memberikan informasi tentang menstruasi karena terhalang tradisi yang menganggap tabu untuk membicarakan tentang menstruasi, sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas kesehatan selama menstruasi pada remaja. Tujuan Penelitian. Mengetahui hubungan antara peran orangtua dengan persepsi remaja putri tentang menarche di desa Kuanheun Kecamatan Kupang Barat Kabupaten Kupang. Metode Penelitian Deskriptif non-eksperimental dengan pendekatan Cross-Sectional, pada 40 remaja di desa Kuanheun, pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Analisis deskriptif dan uji Chi-Square. Hasil Penelitian: peran orang tua dengan pengetahuan remaja tentang menarche termasuk dalam kategori  baik (68,8%), uji statistik menggunakan uji Chi-Square antara peran orangtua dengan pengetahuan remaja tentang menarche tidak ada pengaruh secara signifikan dengan nilai p=0,416 (p>0,05) dan peran orang tua dengan persepsi remaja tentang menarche termasuk dalam kategori  kurang (87,5%), uji Chi-Square antara peran orangtua dengan persepsi remaja tentang menarche ada pengaruh secara signifikan dengan nilai p=0,046 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Peran orang tua dalam mempersiapkan menarche bagi remaja putri di desa Kuanheun termasuk dalam kategori baik, dan peran orang tua mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan persepsi remaja putri tentang menarche

The Reliability of Neuromuscular and Perceptual Measures Used to Profile Recovery, and the Time-Course of such Responses following Academy Rugby League Match-Play.

In professional academy rugby league (RL) players, this two-part study examined; A) the within- and between-day reliability of isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP), countermovement jumps (CMJ), and a wellness questionnaire (n = 11), and B) profiled the responses with acceptable reliability (no between-trial differences and between-day coefficient of variation (CV) ≤10% and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ≥0.8) for 120 h (baseline: -3, +24, +48, +72, +96, +120 h) following RL match-play (n = 10). In part A, force at 200, and 250 ms, and peak force (PF) demonstrated acceptable within- (CV%: 3.67-8.41%, ICC: 0.89-0.93) and between-day (CV%: 4.34-8.62%, ICC: 0.87-0.92) reliability for IMTP. Most CMJ variables demonstrated acceptable within-day reliability (CV%: 3.03-7.34%, ICC: 0.82-0.98), but only six (i.e., flight-time, PF, peak power (PP), relative PP, velocity at take-off (VTO), jump-height (JH)) showed acceptable between-day reliability (CV%: 2.56-6.79%, ICC: 0.83-0.91). Only total wellness demonstrated acceptable between-day reliability (CV%: 7.05%, ICC: 0.90) from the questionnaire. In part B, reductions of 4.75% and 9.23% (vs. baseline; 2.54 m∙s-1; 0.33 m) occurred at +24 h for CMJ VTO, and JH, respectively. Acceptable reliability was observed in some, but not all, variables and the magnitude and time-course of post-match responses were test and variable specific. Practitioners should therefore be mindful of the influence that the choice of recovery monitoring tool may have upon the practical interpretation of the data

Measurement of the bb dijet cross section in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Funded by SCOAP3The dijet production cross section for jets containing a b-hadron (b-jets) has been measured in proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.2 fb−1. The cross section is measured for events with two identified b-jets with a transverse momentum pT > 20 GeV and a minimum separation in the η–φ plane of R = 0.4. At least one of the jets in the event is required to have pT > 270 GeV. The cross section is measured differentially as a function of dijet invariant mass, dijet transverse momentum, boost of the dijet system, and the rapidity difference, azimuthal angle and angular distance between the b-jets. The results are compared to different predictions of leading order and next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamics matrix elements supplemented with models for parton-showers and hadronization

Delayed ischaemia due to vasospasm after fenestration of a large arachnoid cyst

An 18-year-old patient developed multiple infarcts, nine days after endoscopic fenestration of a large arachnoid cyst. We consider vasospasm to be the most likely cause, presumably triggered by a chemical meningitis. Although mostly seen after subarachnoid haemorrhage, vasospasm can also occur after traumatic brain injury, brain surgery or meningitis

Retrieval of stratospheric aerosol density profiles from SCIAMACHY limb radiance measurements in the O₂ A-band

In this paper we present an approach to retrieve stratospheric aerosol number densities in the altitude range 10–40 km from SCIAMACHY limb radiance measurements in the spectral range of the O2 A absorption band, near 760 nm. Here, the characteristic light paths differ for the measured light in the O2 A-band and in the spectral continuum next to the absorption band. This difference is used to distinguish the effect of stratospheric aerosol scattering and ground reflection on the limb measurement. The capability to disentangle both effects is illustrated for SCIAMACHY limb observations over the Libyan desert, where the measurements are not affected by tropospheric clouds. Comparison of the SCIAMACHY retrieval and the SAGE II aerosol extinction product between 75&deg; southern and northern latitude shows the clear need for prior knowledge of the mean size of the stratospheric aerosol for the SCIAMACHY retrieval. We found best agreement between SCIAMACHY and SAGE II aerosol extinction for the period 2003–2005 for a prior choice of the mean aerosol size radius of 0.2 μm. The overall agreement between both data sets is in the range <50% root mean square difference at 14–30 km with a minimum of 30% at 22 km

Estudo comparativo entre tecnologias Java: Applet e JWS

Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma comparação entre Applets e software JWS (Java Web Start), ambos com características marcantes para trabalhar na World Wide Web (WWW), ou web. Este último armazena todo o programa localmente, na memória cache do computador e além de ser inicializado através de um navegador da web, conhecido como browser, pode ser iniciado por um ícone do desktop. Já o Applet é um aplicativo pequeno que exige poucos recursos de memória e por sua vez, é executado dentro de um browser. Independente da escolha entre as duas soluções é necessário que se analise o aplicativo que será criado para por em prática o que melhor atenda aos requisitos do problema

The Greenhouse Gas Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI): comparative validation of GHG-CCI SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT and TANSO-FTS/GOSAT CO₂ and CH₄ retrieval algorithm products with measurements from the TCCON

Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide and methane have been retrieved from spectra acquired by the TANSO-FTS (Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observations-Fourier Transform Spectrometer) and SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography) instruments on board GOSAT (Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite) and ENVISAT (ENVIronmental SATellite), respectively, using a range of European retrieval algorithms. These retrievals have been compared with data from ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The participating algorithms are the weighting function modified differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) algorithm (WFMD, University of Bremen), the Bremen optimal estimation DOAS algorithm (BESD, University of Bremen), the iterative maximum a posteriori DOAS (IMAP, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Netherlands Institute for Space Research algorithm (SRON)), the proxy and full-physics versions of SRON's RemoTeC algorithm (SRPR and SRFP, respectively) and the proxy and full-physics versions of the University of Leicester's adaptation of the OCO (Orbiting Carbon Observatory) algorithm (OCPR and OCFP, respectively). The goal of this algorithm inter-comparison was to identify strengths and weaknesses of the various so-called round- robin data sets generated with the various algorithms so as to determine which of the competing algorithms would proceed to the next round of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Greenhouse Gas Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI) project, which is the generation of the so-called Climate Research Data Package (CRDP), which is the first version of the Essential Climate Variable (ECV) "greenhouse gases" (GHGs). For XCO₂, all algorithms reach the precision requirements for inverse modelling (< 8 ppm), with only WFMD having a lower precision (4.7 ppm) than the other algorithm products (2.4–2.5 ppm). When looking at the seasonal relative accuracy (SRA, variability of the bias in space and time), none of the algorithms have reached the demanding < 0.5 ppm threshold. For XCH₄, the precision for both SCIAMACHY products (50.2 ppb for IMAP and 76.4 ppb for WFMD) fails to meet the < 34 ppb threshold for inverse modelling, but note that this work focusses on the period after the 2005 SCIAMACHY detector degradation. The GOSAT XCH₄ precision ranges between 18.1 and 14.0 ppb. Looking at the SRA, all GOSAT algorithm products reach the < 10 ppm threshold (values ranging between 5.4 and 6.2 ppb). For SCIAMACHY, IMAP and WFMD have a SRA of 17.2 and 10.5 ppb, respectively

Опухоли с невыявленным первичным очагом: современные подходы к лечению

Представлены современные методы и схемы лечения разных видов рака с невыясненным очагом и получаемые результаты.Contemporary methods of treatment of various types of cancer with unrevealed focus as well as the obtained results are described