Phenomena Conflict, Anxiety, and Depression for Cancer Survivor One Year and After Have Therapy in General Hospital

Introduction. Psychosocial distress emerges in cancer disease. This research explores experience of conflict, anxiety, and depression in one year cancer survivor. Methods. Data were collected through in-depth semi structured interviews with fifteen participants when seeking treatment at a public hospital in Bandung. Result. There nine themes emerge: anxiety about cancer's spread and recurrence, changing relationships with a partner, 'labeling' from oneself and others, physical discomfort along treatment, psychological discomfort along treatment, self-concept, religious/spiritual, hiding diagnose and complain, and deficit information about cancer. But, four themes among were not characterized with conflict, anxiety, and depression. Conflict, anxiety, and depression impact condition of the client cancer. Discussion. Experience of conflict, anxiety, and depression became the basis for the development of management system service and provision of facilities for integrated mental health nursing therapy

Toxicity effects of 2-methoxyethanol on the nitrite level and damage in tissue of pancreas as a cause of diabetes in mice (Mus musculus) Balb/C

2-Methoxyethanol (2-ME) is one of the plasticizer able to induce hormonal system disorders, such insulin resistance. This research was designed to determine the effect of 2-methoxyethanolon blood glucose, levels of nitrite and damage Langerhans island of mice (Mus musculus L.). This research was experimental research with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Female mice strain Balb/C was used as an animal model. Samples were divided into 5 groups; Negative control (NC), KP Positive control (PC) injected intraperitoneally with Streptozotocin (STZ) dose of 30 mg/kg Body Weight (BW) daily for five consecutive days; Treated mice (T1, T2, T3 were injected intraperitoneally with 2-ME daily for ten consecutive days, at dose of 200 mmol/kg BW, 250 mmol/kg and 300 mmol/kg BW respectively). On 16th day and 21thday, mice were sacrificed using chloroform. Fasting blood glucose and nitric oxide (NO) levels were observed in this study. Liver tissue was processed histologically by paraffin method stained with hematoxylin eosin. NO in serum was observed using spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 540. The diameter of Langerhans islands was measured with light microscope. The result of this research was analyzed using the One Way Anova test (α=0.05) was performed to determine the effect of the treatment and Duncan test to find out the difference between the treatment groups. The result showed 2-methoxyethanol was able to increase blood glucose level, while NO was found to be decreased especially in a group treated with 200 mmol/kg BW 2-M

The mental health of populations directly and indirectly exposed to violent conflict in Indonesia

Background Large disasters affect people who live both near and far from the areas in which they occur. The mental health impact is expected to be similar to a ripple effect, where the risk of mental health consequences generally decreases with increasing distance from the disaster center. However, we have not been able to identify studies of the ripple effect of man-made disaster on mental health in low-income countries. Objectives The objective was to examine the hypothesis of a ripple effect on the mental health consequences in populations exposed to man-made disasters in a developing country context, through a comparison of two different populations living in different proximities from the center of disaster in Mollucas. Methods Cross-sectional longitudinal data were collected from 510 Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) living in Ambon, who were directly exposed to the violence, and non-IDPs living in remote villages in Mollucas, Indonesia, who had never been directly exposed to violence in Mollucas. Data were collected during home visits and statistical comparisons were conducted by using chi square tests, t-test and logistic regression. Results There was significantly more psychological distress "caseness" in IDPs than non-IDPs. The mental health consequences of the violent conflict in Ambon supported the ripple effect hypothesis as displacement status appears to be a strong risk factor for distress, both as a main effect and interaction effect. Significantly higher percentages of IDPs experienced traumatic events than non-IDPs in all six event types reported. Conclusions This study indicates that the conflict had an impact on mental health and economic conditions far beyond the area where the actual violent events took place, in a diminishing pattern in line with the hypothesis of a ripple effect

Movers or Stayers? Understanding the Drivers of IDP Camp Decongestion During Post-Conflict Recovery in Uganda

The paper explores factors that influence the household decision to leave internal displacement camps in the immediate aftermath of violent conflict. Our analysis is based on two sources of information: household survey data collected in northern Uganda for households that were displaced by the civil conflict, and geo-referenced data on armed conflict events, with which we construct our developed index of recent conflict exposure. We compare households that moved out of camps with those that remained in the camps after the region was declared safe from rebel incursions. The study covers the first few months of the end of conflict, when return was regarded as largely voluntary. We find that a history of conflict both at the place of residence, and at the expected place of return reduces the likelihood of return. Access to camp services overall encourages households to stay in camps, although the effect varies with the proportion of young household members. Results also show that a history of economic skills poses varying effects on return decisions. While experience in cultivation is associated with a high likelihood of moving out of the camp, households with members with recent experience in trading are less inclined to return. From a policy perspective, the results point to the need for recovery initiatives to ensure access to adequate infrastructures in return locations in order to fast-track reintegration