Assessment, control, and prevention of microbiological and chemical hazards in seasonal swimming pools of the Versilia district (Tuscany, central Italy).

Abstract Although in Europe the quality of swimming pools (SPs) is dictated by regulations, microbiological and chemical hazards are described in the literature. Environmental bacteria or toxic disinfection by-product (DBP) compounds may indeed be recovered in waters even after disinfection. We evaluated the water quality from 26 outdoor seasonal SPs of the Versilia district, according to requirements of Regional Decree 54R/2015. In spring 2017, supply and reinstatement waters were collected after shock hyperchlorination (10 mg/L) while in summertime, a second sampling of waters before entering the pools, as well as in the pools, was performed after SPs were open to the public. In all samples, microbiological and chemical parameters were determined as defined by Directive 98/83/EC and the Italian Health Ministry. Microbiological data were within suggested limits. The first chemical analyses showed that in 35% of the feeding-pool seawater samples, the halogenated organic compounds were higher than the maximum permissible concentrations (30 μg/L). Pool waters were then dechlorinated and re-treated with hydrogen peroxide (10 mg/L) to ensure the abatement of DBPs (from 164 ± 107 to 0.9 ± 0.8 μg/L; p = 0.002). Results highlighted the need of self-controlled procedures for the SPs waters to prevent waterborne diseases and suggested hydrogen peroxide as the most appropriate disinfection method

Effect of Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Green Gram Grown in Soil Containing Heavy Metal Zinc

Pot culture experiments were conducted to determine the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on growth and Zn metal uptake by the green gram grown in soil containing 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 ZnSO4.  AMF inoculated and non-AMF inoculated green grams were grown in sterilized substrates containing ZnSO4 and compared its effects on plant growth. Decreased Percentage of AMF colonization was observed with increasing in Zn concentration. Significant increase in  root length, shoot length, total biomass, with decreased Zn uptake in shoot region was observed in AMF inoculated plants compared to AMF non-inoculated plants. High Zn accumulation was observed in the root region of mycorrhizal inoculated plant. Over all results indicate that AMF could promote the green gram growth with decreased Zn metal uptake from soil and thus protects the plant from metal toxicity

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan untuk Menentukan Besaran Profit Margindalam Biro Perjalanan Wisata Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Logic

Happy Holiday Tour & Travel initially handled the tour in Malang and it's surroundings. Nowdays this company do business in various fields of services, especially tourism. Fields of service in this company include: travel, study tours, religious tours, buses rent and cars rental. Because there is not standard determination of the profitmargin errors, is happened frequently in calculation.Therefore, a decision support system to determine profit margin is built using fuzzy logic that can help administrators to avoid mistakes in calculating the profit margin. From the evaluation results of testing, the system can run as expected and output of the system in accordance with the results of manual calculations

Karakteristik Keluaran Laser Zat Warna dcm Pulsa pada Berbagai Variasi Konsentrasi Larutan

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh konsentrasi larutan zatwarna DCM pada karakteristik spektrum keluaran laser zatwarna DCM pulsa. Spektrum yang dihasilkan berupa intensitas dan jangkauan panjang gelombang. Variasi konsentrasi DCM pada larutan methanol yang dilakukan yaitu: 0,040,060,080,10,20,40,60,8dan I gram/liter dan masing-masing menghasilkan spektrum yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh konsentrasi terhadap intensitas dan jangkauan panjang gelombang keluaran laser. Makin pekat konsentrasi larutan, intensitas keluarannya makin tinggi dan jangkauan panjang gelombangnya semakin lebar serta menstabilkan keluaran laser. Kondisi optimum dicapai pada konsentrasi 0,4 gram/liter. Kata kunci: konsentrasi, larutan, spektrum

Failure assessment of lightly reinforced floor slabs. I: Experimental investigation

This paper is concerned with the ultimate behavior of lightly reinforced concrete floor slabs under extreme loading conditions. Particular emphasis is given to examining the failure conditions of idealized composite slabs which become lightly reinforced in a fire situation as a result of the early loss of the steel deck. An experimental study is described which focuses on the response of two-way spanning floor slabs with various materials and geometric configurations. The tests enable direct assessment of the influence of a number of key parameters such as the reinforcement type, properties, and ratio on the ultimate response. The results also permit the development of simplified expressions that capture the influence of salient factors such as bond characteristics and reinforcement properties for predicting the ductility of lightly reinforced floor slabs. The companion paper complements the experimental observations with detailed numerical assessments of the ultimate response and proposes analytical models that predict failure of slab members by either reinforcement fracture or compressive crushing of concrete. © 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers

Spektroskopi Optogalvanik Eksitasi Dua Foton pada Atom Neon Menggunakan Laser Zat Warna Rh-B Pulsa (570 â 603 nm)

Telah diteliti spektroskopi eksitasi dua foton dengan metode optogalvanik pada atom neon menggunakan lampu lucutan katoda berongga Na/Ne komersial clan laser zatwarna Rh-B pulsa tertala. Laser zatwama ini mempunyai rentang panjang gelombang antara 570 nm - 603 nm dan lebar garis sekitar 0,6 nm. Variasi arus lucutan pada lampu dan intensitas laser pengeksitasi yang cukup tinggi mampu mengidentifikasi 6 transisi dua foton atom neon dalam lampu katoda. Kata kunci: eksitasi dua foton , metode optogalvanik, atom neo

Effects of a 12-Week Global Corrective Exercise Intervention on Sway Back Posture in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Sway back posture (SBP) is a common postural deviation of sagittal alignment and is the most common postural deviation in 18 to 28-year-old individuals, but there is no standard exercise protocol for treating SBP. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of the global corrective exercise intervention (GCEI) on spinal posture of healthy individuals 18-25 years of age with SBP. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled design with a parallel group, two-arm trial with 1:1 allocation ratio. Seventy participants (mean age 20.9±2.1 years) with SBP (⩾ 10°) were enrolled in the study for 12 weeks. The participants were randomly assigned to an exercise (n=35) or control group (n=35). The targeted global spine strengthening and stretching exercise intervention included core and postural training, delivered by a corrective exercise specialist in 2 groups of 20 and 15 participants 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Forward head angle and sway angle were measured using a digitized side-view photograph. Kyphosis index and llordosis index were measured using a flex curve ruler. Results: The 12-week intervention program resulted in significant within group differences in forward head, kyphosis, lordosis and postural sway angle (p<0.001). There was also a significant between group difference in the changes of all postural variables (p<0.001). Conclusions: The GCEI resulted in improved sway back posture in our sample of 18-25-year-old participants. This study supports the theoretical basis for clinical rehabilitation of postural deviations. Further studies are required to generalize these findings to other age and population groups. Key words: posture, sway back, corrective exercise, spinal alignmen

Effects of a 12-Week Global Corrective Exercise Intervention on Sway Back Posture in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Sway back posture (SBP) is a common postural deviation of sagittal alignment and is the most common postural deviation in 18 to 28-year-old individuals, but there is no standard exercise protocol for treating SBP. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of the global corrective exercise intervention (GCEI) on spinal posture of healthy individuals 18-25 years of age with SBP. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled design with a parallel group, two-arm trial with 1:1 allocation ratio. Seventy participants (mean age 20.9±2.1 years) with SBP (⩾ 10°) were enrolled in the study for 12 weeks. The participants were randomly assigned to an exercise (n=35) or control group (n=35). The targeted global spine strengthening and stretching exercise intervention included core and postural training, delivered by a corrective exercise specialist in 2 groups of 20 and 15 participants 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Forward head angle and sway angle were measured using a digitized side-view photograph. Kyphosis index and llordosis index were measured using a flex curve ruler. Results: The 12-week intervention program resulted in significant within group differences in forward head, kyphosis, lordosis and postural sway angle (p<0.001). There was also a significant between group difference in the changes of all postural variables (p<0.001). Conclusions: The GCEI resulted in improved sway back posture in our sample of 18-25-year-old participants. This study supports the theoretical basis for clinical rehabilitation of postural deviations. Further studies are required to generalize these findings to other age and population groups. Key words: posture, sway back, corrective exercise, spinal alignmen