Studies on physico-chemical constituents in different cultivars of citrus fruits under Lucknow condition, India

The physico-chemical studies were conducted on the citrus fruits of sweet orange cv. Mosambi Local-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and Sweet Mandarin cv. Chinese Orange, Kinnow, Nagpur Mandarin, Local Mandarin-1 and Local Mandarin- 2. The Sweet Orange cultivar was highest size in Mosambi Local-3 with maximum fruit volume 204 ml and flesh weight 139.66 g followed by Mosambi Local-4. The juice recovery percent was maximum in Mosambi Local-3 28.63 and the highest specific gravity was found in Mosambi Local-1 (0.99) followed by Mosambi Local-2 (0.94). The different cultivars of Sweet Orange were recorded varies from the total soluble solid 7.60 to 12.66 percent, reducing sugar 4.13 to 7.08 per cent, total sugar 5.90 to 10.12 per cent, tritrable acidity 0.52 to 0.83 per cent, ascorbic acid 46 to 74.80 mg/100g and pH 3.92 to 4.98. The juice percent was determined in Kinnow 53.20 g after that Nagpur santra 51.30 g. The chemical attributes of Sweet Mandarin were found as total soluble solid varied from 8.96 to 12.20 per cent, reducing sugar 3.22 to 6.60 per cent, total sugar 5.73 to 10.04 per cent, titrable acidity 0.84 to 2.24 per cent, ascorbic acid 25.96 to 36.13mg/100 g and pH 3.84 to 4.60. However, the Sweet Orange cultivars Mosambi Local-3 and Mosambi Local-4 and Sweet Mandarin cv. Local Mandarin-1 were suitable for export, making of non alcoholic beverages, easy for bottling and frozen products grown under Lucknow conditions

Mitigation of Insider Attacks through Multi-Cloud

The malicious insider can be an employees, user and/or third party business partner. In cloud environment, clients may store sensitive data about their organization in cloud data centers. The cloud service provider should ensure integrity, security, access control and confidentiality about the stored data at cloud data centers. The malicious insiders can perform stealing on sensitive data at cloud storage and at organizations. Most of the organizations ignoring the insider attack because it is harder to detect and mitigate. This is a major emerging problem at the cloud data centers as well as in organizations. In this paper, we proposed a method that ensures security, integrity, access control and confidentiality on sensitive data of cloud clients by employing multi cloud service providers. The organization should encrypt the sensitive data with their security policy and procedures and store the encrypted data in trusted cloud. The keys which are used during encryption process are again encrypted and stored in another cloud area. So that organization contains only keys for keys of encrypted data. The Administrator of organization also does not know what data kept in cloud area and if he accesses the data, easily caught during the auditing. Hence, the only authorized used can access the data and use it and we can mitigate insider attacks by providing restricted privileges

On new subclass of meromorphically convex functions with positive coefficients

In this paper we introduce and study a new subclass of meromorphically uniformly convex functions with positive coefficients defined by a differential operator and obtain coefficient estimates, growth and distortion theorem, radius of convexity, integral transforms, convex linear combinations, convolution properties and δ-neighborhoods for the class σ p (α)

Stability Analysis For Yield And Yield Contributing Characters Of Tomato Under High Temperature Conditions

The current study was aimed at evaluating the stability of tomato yield and yield-contributing characteristics during three sowing intervals (February, March, and April) under high-temperature regimes, Pooled analysis of variance was performed on twenty-five genotypes, including eight parents, fifteen hybrids, and two checks, for seventeen agronomic traits. Except for plant height, ANOVA findings have revealed substantial differences among tomato genotypes, with environmental conditions playing a major role on genotype performance. The genotypes differed significantly in terms of days to 50% flowering, number of flowers per cluster, and fruit length, indicating significant variability among growing seasons. Furthermore, root length showed significant genotype x environment interactions, whereas the remaining variables are found non-significant. Among the three sowing intervals, February sowing (1st interval) was found to be the most beneficial environment for tomato growth, yield, and quality features, with the highest positive environmental indices for the majority of growth, yield, and quality contributing traits. In contrast, the April sowing period (3rd interval) was found to be most unfavorable, with the highest negative environmental indices for the traits studied. This study underlined the significant influence of environmental factors on the performance of tomato genotypes, in terms of multiple yield and yield-contributing attributes. The findings emphasize the importance of choosing the optimum sowing interval, with February as the most favorable season for cultivating tomatoes in the present study location under high-temperature conditions. These findings would help to guide the decision-making process in similar agro-climatic regions to improve the tomato output and quality

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars. I. A SOAR/OSIRIS Pilot Study

We report on an abundance analysis for a pilot study of seven Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP) stars, based on medium-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy. The optical spectra are used to estimate [Fe/H], [C/Fe], [N/Fe], and [Ba/Fe] for our program stars. The near-infrared spectra, obtained during a limited early science run with the new SOAR 4.1m telescope and the Ohio State Infrared Imager and Spectrograph (OSIRIS), are used to obtain estimates of [O/Fe] and 12C/13C. The chemical abundances of CEMP stars are of importance for understanding the origin of CNO in the early Galaxy, as well as for placing constraints on the operation of the astrophysical s-process in very low-metallicity Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars. This pilot study includes a few stars with previously measured [Fe/H], [C/Fe], [N/Fe],[O/Fe], 12C/13C, and [Ba/Fe], based on high-resolution optical spectra obtained with large-aperture telescopes. Our analysis demonstrates that we are able to achieve reasonably accurate determinations of these quantities for CEMP stars from moderate-resolution optical and near-infrared spectra. This opens the pathway for the study of significantly larger samples of CEMP stars in the near future. Furthermore, the ability to measure [Ba/Fe] for (at least the cooler) CEMP stars should enable one to separate stars that are likely to be associated with s-process enhancements (the CEMP-s stars) from those that do not exhibit neutron-capture enhancements (the CEMP-no stars).Comment: 27 pages, including 5 tables, 6 figures, accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journa

Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars. III. Main-Sequence Turn-Off Stars from the SDSS/SEGUE Sample

The chemical compositions of seven Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP) turn-off stars are determined from high-resolution spectroscopy. Five of them are selected from the SDSS/SEGUE sample of metal-poor stars. The effective temperatures of these objects are all higher than 6000 K, while their metallicities, parametrized by [Fe/H], are all below -2. Six of our program objects exhibit high abundance ratios of barium ([Ba/H]> +1), suggesting large contributions of the products of former AGB companions via mass transfer across binary systems. Combining our results with previous studies provides a total of 20 CEMP main-sequence turn-off stars for which the abundances of carbon and at least some neutron-capture elements are determined. Inspection of the [C/H] ratios for this sample of CEMP turn-off stars show that they are generally higher than those of CEMP giants; their dispersion in this ratio is also smaller. We take these results to indicate that the carbon-enhanced material provided from the companion AGB star is preserved at the surface of turn-off stars with no significant dilution. In contrast, a large dispersion in the observed [Ba/H] is found for the sample of CEMP turn-off stars, suggesting that the efficiency of the s-process in very metal-poor AGB stars may differ greatly from star to star. Four of the six stars from the SDSS/SEGUE sample exhibit kinematics that are associated with membership in the outer-halo population, a remarkably high fraction.Comment: 45 pages, 10 figures, 10 tables, Astrophysical Journal, in pres

Optimización de un pretratamiento enzimático para semillas de mostaza utilizando metodología de superficie de respuesta

In order to investigate the effect of an enzymatic pre-treatment process for the extraction of oil from black mustard seeds (Brassica nigra) using viscozyme, the reaction parameters such as temperature, buffer-to-seed ratio and enzyme concentration were considered as determinant factors in the central composite design. Optimization was carried out according to the four-variable five-level central composite design of experiments. The effects of enzyme concentration (5–12%), temperature (40–55 °C), pH (5.0–6.0), and reaction time (1–7 h) on the free oil liberated were studied. Residual oil was collected by subjecting the treated meal to soxhlet extraction for 4 h. An enzyme dose of 7.5% (w/w), pH 5.0, 50 °C, and 5 h with constant shaking at 450 rpm were found to be opti­mal conditions. Centrifuging the mixture at 7000 rpm for 30 min separated the oil with a recovery of 71–73.1%.Con el fin de investigar el efecto de un pretratamiento enzimático para la extracción de aceite de semillas de mostaza negra (Brassica nigra) utilizando viscozima, los parámetros de la reacción, como la temperatura, la relación de tampón/semilla y las concentraciones de enzima, se consideraron factores deter­minantes en el diseño. La optimización se llevó a cabo mediante cuatro diseños de experimentos compuestos de cinco niveles. Se estudió el efecto de la concentración de enzima (5-12%), temperatura (40-55 °C), pH (5.0-6.0), y tiempo de reacción (1-7 h) sobre el aceite liberado. El aceite residual se recolectó sometiendo la pasta tratada a una extracción de soxhlet durante 4 h. Las dosis de enzima del 7,5% (p/p), pH 5,0, 50 °C y 5 h con agitación constante a 450 rpm fueron las condiciones óptimas. La centrifugación de la mezcla a 7000 rpm durante 30 minutos separó el aceite con una recuperación de 71-73.1%

Two Stellar Components in the Halo of the Milky Way

The halo of the Milky Way provides unique elemental abundance and kinematic information on the first objects to form in the Universe, which can be used to tightly constrain models of galaxy formation and evolution. Although the halo was once considered a single component, evidence for its dichotomy has slowly emerged in recent years from inspection of small samples of halo objects. Here we show that the halo is indeed clearly divisible into two broadly overlapping structural components -- an inner and an outer halo -- that exhibit different spatial density profiles, stellar orbits and stellar metallicities (abundances of elements heavier than helium). The inner halo has a modest net prograde rotation, whereas the outer halo exhibits a net retrograde rotation and a peak metallicity one-third that of the inner halo. These properties indicate that the individual halo components probably formed in fundamentally different ways, through successive dissipational (inner) and dissipationless (outer) mergers and tidal disruption of proto-Galactic clumps.Comment: Two stand-alone files in manuscript, concatenated together. The first is for the main paper, the second for supplementary information. The version is consistent with the version published in Natur