Hermeneutika Hukum: Prinsip Dan Kaidah Interpretasi Hukum

This legal hermeneutic article efforts to explore and formulates norms, rules, principles, standards, and criterions that must be referenced in order to understand, analyze, interpret, and explicate the intention and complexities meaning of legal texts, not only according to literary meaning but also to reveal the whole meaning of pratices and outcome of the legal adjudication. These norms, rules, and principles link to primary or general priciples, attitudes and goodwill of intepreter, aim of interpretation, interest of people, structure of legal system, character and role of interpreter, and how to undestand and treate legal noms as text. This bibliographical study and empiris research article find out the meaning, history, and aplication of legal hermeneutic in practices of adjudication. One case from legal adjudication (court dicision) will be analysed here according to principles of legal hermeneutic

A search for transit timing variation

Photometric follow-ups of transiting exoplanets (TEPs) may lead to discoveries of additional, less massive bodies in extrasolar systems. This is possible by detecting and then analysing variations in transit timing of transiting exoplanets. In 2009 we launched an international observing campaign, the aim of which is to detect and characterise signals of transit timing variation (TTV) in selected TEPs. The programme is realised by collecting data from 0.6--2.2-m telescopes spread worldwide at different longitudes. We present our observing strategy and summarise first results for WASP-3b with evidence for a 15 Earth-mass perturber in an outer 2:1 orbital resonance.Comment: Poster contribution to Detection and Dynamics of Transiting Exoplanets (Haute Provence Observatory Colloquium, 23-27 August 2010

AfrOBIS: a marine biogeographic information system for sub-Saharan Africa

AfrOBIS is one of 11 global nodes of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), a freely accessible network of databases collating marine data in support of the Census of Marine Life.Versatile graphic products, provided by OBIS, can be used to display the data. To date, AfrOBIS has loaded about 3.2 million records of more than 23 000 species located mainly in the seas around southern Africa. This forms part of the 13.2 million records of more than 80 000 species currently stored in OBIS. Scouting for South African data has been successful, whereas locating records in other African countries has been much less so

ALASAN MAHASISWA PRAKTIK PENGALAMAN LAPANGAN (PPL) BELUM MENGUASAI KETERAMPILAN DASAR MENGAJAR

Field Experience Practices (PPL) in schools is carried out so that students train themselves before becoming real educators. However, what happens in the field is actually a lot of things that make students not maximal in mastering basic teaching skills. The data was obtained through observation and interviews with students. Some of the problems faced by PPL students are from themselves because they lack training and lack of confidence; student not ready to learn, do not ignore the arrival of students, late in class, do other activities, feel bored, and out of class when learning takes place; the time of learning that is not well controlled, subject is not mastered, as well as inadequate learning tools and media. Based on the problems they faced, students should be given special guidance with controlled exercises or microteaching, so that students can reduce errors that can occur when directly involved in the field

The Structure of C2H4 Clusters from Theoretical Interaction Potentials and Vibrational Predissociation Data

Optimized geometries and binding energies are calculated for ethene (ethylene) dimers, trimers, and tetramers based on a pairwise additive dimer potential. From these results intermolecular frequencies and relative abundancies (catchment areas) of the different isomers are obtained and compared with the results of accurate measurements of the photodissociation upon absorption of one photon of a CO2 laser in the region of the ν7 monomer absorption band at 949 cm-1. The clusters are size selected in a scattering experiment and show for a cluster size from n=2 to n=6 a frequency maximum shifted by 3 cm-1 to the blue compared with the monomer. The result is explained by the predominance of chains and chain-like structures of the clusters in the photodissociation process. The chains consist of cross-like dimer sub-units

Induced Photon Correlations Through the Overlap of Two Four-Wave Mixing Processes in Integrated Cavities

Induced photon correlations are directly demonstrated by exploring two coupled nonlinear processes in an integrated device. Using orthogonally polarized modes within an integrated microring cavity, phase matching of two different nonlinear four-wave mixing processes is achieved simultaneously, wherein both processes share one target frequency mode, while their other frequency modes differ. The overlap of these modes leads to the coupling of both nonlinear processes, producing photon correlations. The nature of this process is confirmed by means of time- and power-dependent photon correlation measurements. These findings are relevant to the fundamental understanding of spontaneous parametric effects as well as single-photon-induced processes, and their effect on optical quantum state generation and control

A Measurement of Newton's Gravitational Constant

A precision measurement of the gravitational constant $G$ has been made using a beam balance. Special attention has been given to determining the calibration, the effect of a possible nonlinearity of the balance and the zero-point variation of the balance. The equipment, the measurements and the analysis are described in detail. The value obtained for G is 6.674252(109)(54) 10^{-11} m3 kg-1 s-2. The relative statistical and systematic uncertainties of this result are 16.3 10^{-6} and 8.1 10^{-6}, respectively.Comment: 26 pages, 20 figures, Accepted for publication by Phys. Rev.