An analytic model of plasma-neutral coupling in the heliosphere plasma

We have developed an analytic model to describe coupling of plasma and neutral fluids in the partially ionized heliosphere plasma medium. The sources employed in our analytic model are based on a $\kappa$-distribution as opposed to the Maxwellian distribution function. Our model uses the $\kappa$-distribution to analytically model the energetic neutral atoms that result in the heliosphere partially ionized plasma from charge exchange with the protons and subsequently produce a long tail which is otherwise not describable by the Maxwellian distribution. We present our analytic formulation and describe major differences in the sources emerging from these two distinct distributions.Comment: This paper has been accepted in Journal of Plasma Physics. It is in pres

An investigation into the effects of computer integrated manufacturing systems in the productivity of SMEs in Pakistan

The current dynamic and turbulent manufacturing environment has forced companies that compete globally to change their traditional methods of conducting business [Producer to consumer]. Recent developments in manufacturing and business operations have lead to the adoption of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) technologies that are based on systems and processes that support global competitiveness, especially for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Organizations and SMEs in particular need to re-evaluate every aspect of their manufacturing strategy and quickly move towards a CIM based environment where manufacturing technologies, business strategies and processes are integrated together. This paper highlights the development of a CIM adoption model that has resulted from empirical work generated from SMEs in Pakistan. The model consists of the parameters such as Top Management Support, System Integration, Marketing, and over all performance

Verbal Response Modes in Action:Microrelationships as the Building Blocks of Relationship Role Dimensions

Dimensions of interpersonal relationships, such as attentiveness, directiveness, and presumptuousness, have typically been assessed through impressionistic ratings or by aggregate scores derived from coding of specific (e.g., verbal) behaviors. However, the meanings of these dimensions rest on the interpersonal microrelationships that are actually observed by the raters or coders. In this qualitative study, the way these global relationship qualities were built from microrelationships at the utterance level was examined in passages from one medical interaction. Applications of microrelationships to future communications research are suggested

"Pharmaceutical Industry under the rules and regulations of WTO"

The topic of the research paper is viz. the systematic study of the pharmaceutical industry of India which is threatened, due to the new controls brought by rules and regulations of the WTO region, especially regarding tariff policies, TRIPS (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights), opening of Indian domestic market to foreign multinationals by adopting liberalization, maintenance of professional standards of business ethics, obtaining the world class quality approvals and accreditions for Indian pharmaceutical exports, adoption of 'product patents' in addition to 'process patents and restrictions on  unauthorised imitations etc. Till 1995 Indian Pharmaceutical industry was governed by IPL (Indian Patent Laws) and laws controlling the production and distribution practices. After getting the membership of the World Trade Organization, which has become the apex international permanent body for reorganising and smoothening the World Trade and for bringing ideal International order in the global trade ethics by making the necessary controls mandatory on the part of the member countries, Indian Pharma industry is facing new difficulties and challenge

"Deficits, Debts and Growth: A Reprieve but not a Pardon"

These are fast moving times. Two years ago, the U.S. Congressional Budget Office (CBO, 2001) projected a federal budget surplus of $172 billion for fiscal year 2003. One year ago, the projected figure had changed to a deficit of$145 billion (CBO 2002). The actual figure, near the end of fiscal year 2003, turned out to be a deficit of about $390 billion. And just one month ago, President Bush submitted a request to Congress for an additional$87 billion appropriation for war expenditures, over and above the $166 billion tallied so far. It is widely anticipated that even this will have to be revised upward by the end of the coming year (Stevenson 2003; Firestone 2003).

"Is Deficit-Financed Growth Limited? Policies and Prospects in An Election Year"

Wynne Godley, our Levy Institute colleague, has warned since 1999 that the falling personal saving and rising borrowing trends that had powered the US economic expansion were not sustainable. He also warned that when these trends were reversed, as has happened in other countries, the expansion would come to a halt unless there were major changes in fiscal policy. Not long ago, official circles insisted that monetary policy was the most desirable tool, and that fiscal deficits were not only unnecessary but also harmful(ERP, 2000, p.31-34; Greenspan, 2000). Some economists, notably Edmund Phelps of Columbia University, went so far as to suggest that the economic expansion was not caused by rising demand, but rather because growth had become ÔstructuralÕ (Financial Times, August 9, 2000).

Enhanced Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wimax Applications

This paper proposes a rectangular shaped microstrip patch antenna with enhanced gain which is focused to be used for wimax applications.As today there is a growing demand of wimax technology,the objective of this project is to optimize the gain of antenna and thereby study the effects of antenna dimensions Length(L),Width(W) and substrate parmeters ,relative dielectric constant, substrate thickness on its performance.This project introduces a method using double layer with airgap to design antenna operating at 3.6GHz giving high performance in terms of gain and return loss.A microstrp probe feeding technique and moments based IE3D software will be used to design a microstrip patch antenna with enhanced gain

"Is Personal Debt Sustainable?"

The long economic expansion was fueled by an unprecedented rise in private expenditure relative to income, financed by a growing flow of net credit to the private. On the surface, it seemed that the growing burden of the household sector's debt was counterbalanced by a spectacular rise in the relative value of its financial assets, but this was never a match among equals, and the great meltdown in the financial markets has proved this imbalance to be true. The private sector has dramatically cut back its acquisition of new credit and reversed the path of its financial balance, but this adjustment has been uneven within the sector: the business sector suffered a huge drop in investment while the household sector has continued to borrow.