The Self-directed Learning of Men with Prostate Cancer: A Qualitative Study

Semi structured interviews were conducted with 12 men who have been diagnosed with prostate cancer and who used self-directed learning extensively in regard to their disease. The commonalities in their motivations, learning resources, learning strategies, and outcomes are discussed as well as the common themes and recommendations emerging from their interviews

The Self-Directed Learning of Women with Breast Cancer

This study examines the self-directed learning experiences of women with breast cancer. The common elements in the experiences of 13 women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer within 3 years prior to the study were identified through analysis of semistructured interviews. The findings indicate that the participants' self-directed learning efforts were beneficial in a number of ways. Problems commonly encountered in self-directed learning included difficulty locating and evaluating resources and the affect of negative emotions. The study contributes to current understanding of self-directed learning in a crisis situation and provides valuable information on self-directed learning in an area at the intersection of adult education and health care.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Best Practices for Environmental Field Days: Structuring Your Event for Fun and Learning

Six Best Practices for environmental field days will help you deliver a clear message at almost any non-formal educational event involving schoolchildren, natural resource professionals, and volunteers. Based on research and experience, the guidelines form a practical foundation for field-day planning focused on understanding participants\u27 needs, developing concise goals, and communicating goals effectively. The practices will ensure better learning for the hundreds of thousands of students who attend such events around the country every year

FREEZE/THAW IMPACTS ON RADON DIFFUSION CHARACTERISTICS OF COVER SOIL ON THE UMTRA PROJECT

ABSTRACT A simple study was performed to access the effects of freeze/thaw cycles on radon diffusion coefficients for unsaturated cover soil used to environmentally isolate uranium mill tailings on the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project. Typical radon barrier soil (Estes Gultch barrow source, Rifle, CO) was compacted to 95-percent Proctor in a 4-inch high, 4-inch diameter cylindrical steel mold used to perform standard transient radon diffusion coefficient measurements. Samples were prepared at 4.4, 9.4, and 13.7 percent by weight moisture content, corresponding to 22, 46, and 68 percent moisture saturation, respectively. The compacted, moisture conditioned soil samples were sealed in the molds by spring-loaded steel plates, and the samples were subjected to 13 rapid freeze/thaw cycles using the freezer compartment of a conventional, domestic refrigerator: 15 hours freezing followed by 9 hours thawing. In the process, soil temperatures cycled between -12 and 20 degrees centigrade. After 13 cycles, the diffusion coefficient for each sample was measured using the transient diffusion method and compared to corresponding measurements made prior to initiating the cyclical freeze/thaw treatment. The results of this freeze/thaw experiment indicate that the freeze/thaw cycling of typical radon barrier soil, with moisture saturation less than 75 percent, would not significantly alter the radon diffusion properties of the cover soil. The relationship of these findings to observations noted by others and their application to the UMTRA Project is discussed

Erratum to: Benchmarks for ethically credible partnerships between industry and academic health centers: beyond disclosure of financial conflicts of interest.

Relationships between industry and university-based researchers have been commonplace for decades and have received notable attention concerning the conflicts of interest these relationships may harbor. While new efforts are being made to update conflict of interest policies and make industry relationships with academia more transparent, the development of broader institutional partnerships between industry and academic health centers challenges the efficacy of current policy to effectively manage these innovative partnerships. In this paper, we argue that existing strategies to reduce conflicts of interest are not sufficient to address the emerging models of industry-academic partnerships because they focus too narrowly on financial matters and are not comprehensive enough to mitigate all ethical risk. Moreover, conflict-of-interest strategies are not designed to promote best practices nor the scientific and social benefits of academic-industry collaboration. We propose a framework of principles and benchmarks for "ethically credible partnerships" between industry and academic health centers and describe how this framework may provide a practical and comprehensive approach for designing and evaluating such partnerships

Interactions between vaccinia virus and sensitized macrophages in vitro

The action of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from normal and vaccinia virus infected mice on infectious vaccinia virus particles was investigatedin vitro. PEC from immune mice showed a significantly higher infectivity titre reduction (virus clearance, VC) than normal cells. This effect could be clearly attributed to the macrophage. Vaccinia virus multiplied in PEC from normal animals while there was no virus propagation in cells from immunized mice. The release of adsorbed or engulfed virus was reduced significantly in PEC from immunized animals. Anti-vaccinia-antibodies seem to activate normal macrophages to increased virus clearance. This stimulating effect was demonstrable only in the IgG fraction of the antiserum. The activity of macrophages from mice injected three times over a period of 14 days with vaccinia virus could be entirely blocked with anti-mouse-IgG, while PEC from mice injected one time six days previously were not inhibited

Crescent-Shaped Electron Distributions at the Nonreconnecting Magnetopause: Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations

International audienceCrescent-shaped electron distributions perpendicular to the magnetic field are an important indicator of the electron diffusion region in magnetic reconnection. They can be formed by the electron finite gyroradius effect at plasma boundaries or by demagnetized electron motion. In this study, we present Magnetospheric Multiscale mission observations of electron crescents at the flank magnetopause on 20 September 2017, where reconnection signatures are not observed. These agyrotropic electron distributions are generated by electron gyromotion at the thin electron-scale magnetic boundaries of a magnetic minimum after magnetic curvature scattering. The variation of their angular range in the perpendicular plane is in good agreement with predictions. Upper hybrid waves are observed to accompany the electron crescents at all four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft as a result of the beam-plasma instability associated with these agyrotropic electron distributions. This study suggests electron crescents can be more frequently formed at the magnetopause. Plain Language Summary In this study, we present Magnetospheric Multiscale mission observations of electron crescents at the flank magnetopause and these agyrotropic electron distributions are formed at thin electron-scale magnetic boundaries after electron pitch angle scattering by the curved magnetic field. These results suggest that agyrotropic electron distributions can be more frequently formed at the magnetopause: (1) magnetic reconnection is not necessary, although electron crescents are taken as one of the observational signatures of the electron diffusion region, and (2) agyrotropic electron distributions can cover a large local time range to the flank magnetopause. In addition, upper hybrid waves accompanied with the electron crescents are observed as a result of the beam-plasma interaction associated with these agyrotropic electron distributions. This suggests that high-frequency waves play a role in electron dynamics through wave-particle interactions