22,270 research outputs found
Clash of symmetries on the brane
If our 3+1-dimensional universe is a brane or domain wall embedded in a
higher dimensional space, then a phenomenon we term the ``clash of symmetries''
provides a new method of breaking some continuous symmetries. A global
symmetry is spontaneously broken
to , where the continuous subgroup
can be embedded in several different ways in the parent group
, and . A certain
class of topological domain wall solutions connect two vacua that are invariant
under {\it differently embedded} subgroups. There is then
enhanced symmetry breakdown to the intersection of these two subgroups on the
domain wall. This is the ``clash''. In the brane limit, we obtain a
configuration with symmetries in the bulk but the smaller
intersection symmetry on the brane itself. We illustrate this idea using a
permutation symmetric three-Higgs-triplet toy model exploiting the distinct
, and spin U(2) subgroups of U(3). The three disconnected portions
of the vacuum manifold can be treated symmetrically through the construction of
a three-fold planar domain wall junction configuration, with our universe at
the nexus. A possible connection with is discussed.Comment: 30 pages, 9 embedded figure
Unified Brane Gravity: Cosmological Dark Matter from Scale Dependent Newton Constant
We analyze, within the framework of unified brane gravity, the weak-field
perturbations caused by the presence of matter on a 3-brane. Although deviating
from the Randall-Sundrum approach, the masslessness of the graviton is still
preserved. In particular, the four-dimensional Newton force law is recovered,
but serendipitously, the corresponding Newton constant is shown to be
necessarily lower than the one which governs FRW cosmology. This has the
potential to puzzle out cosmological dark matter. A subsequent conjecture
concerning galactic dark matter follows.Comment: 6 pages, to be published in Phys. Rev.
A simulation study of the flight dynamics of elastic aircraft. Volume 1: Experiment, results and analysis
The simulation experiment described addresses the effects of structural flexibility on the dynamic characteristics of a generic family of aircraft. The simulation was performed using the NASA Langley VMS simulation facility. The vehicle models were obtained as part of this research. The simulation results include complete response data and subjective pilot ratings and comments and so allow a variety of analyses. The subjective ratings and analysis of the time histories indicate that increased flexibility can lead to increased tracking errors, degraded handling qualities, and changes in the frequency content of the pilot inputs. These results, furthermore, are significantly affected by the visual cues available to the pilot
A simulation study of the flight dynamics of elastic aircraft. Volume 2: Data
The simulation experiment described addresses the effects of structural flexibility on the dynamic characteristics of a generic family of aircraft. The simulation was performed using the NASA Langley VMS simulation facility. The vehicle models were obtained as part of this research project. The simulation results include complete response data and subjective pilot ratings and comments and so allow a variety of analyses. The subjective ratings and analysis of the time histories indicate that increased flexibility can lead to increased tracking errors, degraded handling qualities, and changes in the frequency content of the pilot inputs. These results, furthermore, are significantly affected by the visual cues available to the pilot
Closed-form expressions for correlated density matrices: application to dispersive interactions and example of (He)2
Empirically correlated density matrices of N-electron systems are
investigated. Exact closed-form expressions are derived for the one- and
two-electron reduced density matrices from a general pairwise correlated wave
function. Approximate expressions are proposed which reflect dispersive
interactions between closed-shell centro-symmetric subsystems. Said expressions
clearly illustrate the consequences of second-order correlation effects on the
reduced density matrices. Application is made to a simple example: the (He)2
system. Reduced density matrices are explicitly calculated, correct to second
order in correlation, and compared with approximations of independent electrons
and independent electron pairs. The models proposed allow for variational
calculations of interaction energies and equilibrium distance as well as a
clear interpretation of dispersive effects on electron distributions. Both
exchange and second order correlation effects are shown to play a critical role
on the quality of the results.Comment: 22 page
Auger electron intensity variations in oxygen-exposed large grain polycrystalline silver
Auger electron spectroscopic studies of the grains in oxygen-charged polycrystal-line silver show significant intensity variations as a function of crystallographic orientation. These intensity variations were observed by studies of the Auger images and line scans of the different grains (randomly selected) for each silver transition energy. The results can be attributed to the diffraction of the ejected Auger electrons and interpreted by corresponding changes in the electron mean-free path for inelastic scattering and by oxygen atom accumulation in the subsurface. The subsurface (second layer) octahedral sites increased in size because of surface relaxation and serve as a stable reservoir for the dissolved oxygen
Characterization study of polycrystalline tin oxide surfaces before and after reduction in CO
Polycrystalline tin oxide surfaces have been examined before and after reduction in 40 Torr of CO at 100 and 175 C using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS) and electron stimulated desorption (ESD). The changes in the surface composition and chemical states of the surface species generally are subtle for the reductive conditions used. However, significant changes do occur with regard to the amounts and the chemical forms of the hydrogen-containing species remaining after both the 100 and 175 C reductions
Collisional decay of a strongly driven Bose-Einstein condensate
We study the collisional decay of a strongly driven Bose-Einstein condensate
oscillating between two momentum modes. The resulting products of the decay are
found to strongly deviate from the usual s-wave halo. Using a stochastically
seeded classical field method we simulate the collisional manifold. These
results are also explained by a model of colliding Bloch states.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Stringent limitations on reductive perturbation studies of nonplanar acoustic solitons in plasmas
More than fifty years ago, the Korteweg-de Vries equation was shown to describe not only solitary surface waves on shallow water, but also nonlinear ion-acoustic waves. Because of the algorithmic ease of using reductive perturbation theory, intensive research followed on a wide range of wave types. Soon, the formalism was extended to nonplanar modes by introducing a stretching designed to accommodate spherically and cylindrically symmetric ion-acoustic waves. Over the last two decades many authors followed this approach, but almost all have ignored the severe restrictions in parameter space imposed by the Ansatz. In addition, for other steps in the formalism, the justification is often not spelled out, leading to effects that are physically undesirable or ambiguous. Hence, there is a need to critically assess this approach to nonplanar modes and to use it with the utmost care, respecting the restrictions on its validity. Only inward propagation may be meaningfully studied and respect for weak nonlinearities of at most 1/10 implies that one cannot get closer to the axis or centre of symmetry than about 30 Debye lengths. Thus, one is in a regime where the modes are quasi-planar and not particularly interesting. Most papers disregard these constraints and hence reach questionable conclusions
Precision measurement of the branching ratio in the 6P3/2 decay of BaII with a single trapped ion
We present a measurement of the branching ratios from the 6P3/2 state of BaII
into all dipoleallowed decay channels (6S1/2, 5D3/2 and 5D5/2). Measurements
were performed on single 138Ba+ ions in a linear Paul trap with a
frequency-doubled mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser resonant with the 6S1/2->6P3/2
transition at 455 nm by detection of electron shelving into the dark 5D5/2
state. By driving a pi Rabi rotation with a single femtosecond pulse, a
absolute measurement of the branching ratio to 5D5/2 state was performed.
Combined with a measurement of the relative decay rates into 5D3/2 and 5D5/2
states performed with long trains of highly attenuated 455 nm pulses, it
allowed the extraction of the absolute ratios of the other two decays. Relative
strengths normalized to unity are found to be 0.756+/-0.046, 0.0290+/-0.0015
and 0.215+/-0.0064 for 6S1/2, 5D3/2 and 5D5/2 respectively. This approximately
constitutes a threefold improvement over the best previous measurements and is
a sufficient level of precision to compare to calculated values for dipole
matrix elements.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl
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