An Epidemiological Study of Psychological Disorders in Chaharmohal & Bakhtiari Province, 2001

زمینه و هدف: برنامه‏ریزی برای ارایه خدمات اساسی بهداشت روان به افراد جامعه، نیازمند آگاهی از وضعیت موجود بیماری روانی در جامعه است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی همه‏گیری‏شناسی اختلالات روانی در افراد 18 سال به بالاتر مناطق شهری و روستایی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام گرفت. روش مطالعه: نمونه های مورد مطالعه با روش نمونه‏گیری تصادفی خوشه‏ای و سیستماتیک از بین خانوارهای موجود استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انتخاب گردیدند و از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه اختلالات عاطفی و اسکیزوفرنیا (SADS=Schedale Affective Disorders Schizophrenia) توسط کارشناسان روانشناسی در استان، جمعاً 305 نفر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. تشخیص‏گذاری اختلالات بر اساس معیارهای طبقه‏بندی DSM-IV است. نتایج: نتایج این بررسی نشان داد شیوع انواع اختلالات روانی در استان 42/16 می‏باشد که این شیوع در زنان 20 و در مردان 14/13 است. اختلالات اضطرابی و عصبی‌ شناختی به ترتیب با 52/9 و 28/3، شایع‏ترین اختلالات روانی در استان بودند. شیوع اختلالات پسیکوتیک در این مطالعه 33/0، اختلالات خلقی 63/2 و اختلالات تجزیه‏ای 66/0 بود. در گروه اختلالات خلقی، افسردگی اساسی با 30/2 و در گروه اختلالات اضطرابی، اختلال فوبی با 62/2 شیوع بیشتری داشتند. شیوع اختلالات روانی در استان در افراد گروه سنی 65-56 سال با 30، افراد همسر فوت شده با 25، افراد ساکن در مناطق شهری با 53/15، افراد بی‏سواد با 66/12 و افراد بیکار با 74/21 بیش از گروه‌های دیگر بود. نتیجه‌گیری: در این مطالعه 49/10 افراد مورد مطالعه دچار حداقل یک اختلال روانی بودند. لذا نتایج این تحقیق مسئولیت سیاستگذاران و برنامه‌ریزان بهداشتی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری و کشور در رابطه با تدوین برنامه‌های عملی و اجرایی بهداشت روان را بیش از پیش روشن می‌سازد

Body image and meta-worry as mediators of body dysmorphic disorder

Objectives: Meta-worry and attitudes towards the body have been largely overlooked as potential risk factors for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) despite theorizing that a negative body image may play a critical role in the development of this disorder. Participants: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fit of a theoretical model specifying body image and meta-worry as mediators between cognitive, metacognitive beliefs and body dysmorphic disorder(BDD) in a nonclinical sample of 635 participants (304 male and 331 female). Results: The data supported the model, and meta-worry and body image significantly mediated the relationship between cognitive, metacognitive beliefs and BDD. These findings provide essential preliminary evidence that body image may represent a necessary but not sufficient risk factor for BDD and that treatment for BDD should consider targeting body-related pathology in addition to meta-worry. Conclusion: The model may prompt future research into body dysmorphic disorder

Information retrieval and text mining technologies for chemistry

Efficient access to chemical information contained in scientific literature, patents, technical reports, or the web is a pressing need shared by researchers and patent attorneys from different chemical disciplines. Retrieval of important chemical information in most cases starts with finding relevant documents for a particular chemical compound or family. Targeted retrieval of chemical documents is closely connected to the automatic recognition of chemical entities in the text, which commonly involves the extraction of the entire list of chemicals mentioned in a document, including any associated information. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth description of fundamental concepts, technical implementations, and current technologies for meeting these information demands. A strong focus is placed on community challenges addressing systems performance, more particularly CHEMDNER and CHEMDNER patents tasks of BioCreative IV and V, respectively. Considering the growing interest in the construction of automatically annotated chemical knowledge bases that integrate chemical information and biological data, cheminformatics approaches for mapping the extracted chemical names into chemical structures and their subsequent annotation together with text mining applications for linking chemistry with biological information are also presented. Finally, future trends and current challenges are highlighted as a roadmap proposal for research in this emerging field.A.V. and M.K. acknowledge funding from the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Program (project reference: 654021 - OpenMinted). M.K. additionally acknowledges the Encomienda MINETAD-CNIO as part of the Plan for the Advancement of Language Technology. O.R. and J.O. thank the Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra (Pamplona, Spain). This work was partially funded by Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria (Xunta de Galicia), and FEDER (European Union), and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684). We thank Iñigo Garciá -Yoldi for useful feedback and discussions during the preparation of the manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Investigation of wedge water-entry under symmetric impact loads by experimental tests

One of the main challenges for engineers in designing high-speed crafts is the evaluation of hydrodynamic loads during the impact of hull to wave’s surface. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the pressure distribution on three wedge-sections with 15°, 20° and 30° deadrise during water-entry. Assessment of pressure distribution on the effects of parameters such as drop heights, deadrise angles and the weights of the models had done. Time histories of impact pressure were recorded. It was showed that, the maximum pressure for 20° wedge had increased 2.4 times in comparison with 30° wedge while this number is 1.23 time for the 15° wedge. But the effects of weight and drop height were not as much as deadrise angle. The results give an appropriate approximation of the maximum pressures by the model resembling high-speed craft’s hull sections, which can be used to estimate impact loads in different operational condition. The condition of water level during the impact process has also been observed in each test. The nature of impact test with non-constant speed can clarify the real behavior of falling objects, which can be assumed as the significance of current study

Quantitative Cytotoxicity, Cellular Uptake and Radioprotection Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in MRC-5 Normal Cells and MCF-7 Cancerous Cells

Optimal distribution of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) or nanoceria can have a significant impact on their cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and radioprotection effects. In this study, two different distribution plans of CONPs were investigated. A scanner electron microscope (SEM) was used for chemical analysis and recording of CONP images. Using MTT assay, the non-toxic concentrations of nanoceria with two different distribution plans were determined in MRC-5 and MCF-7 cell lines. Nanoceria cellular uptake at 50, 150, and 250 μM with two different dispersion plans was determined by using the UV/VIS absorbance of cell culture medium after 24 h of incubation. In order to quantify radioprotection effect, cells treated with non-toxic concentrations of nanoceria were exposed to 10, 40, and 100 cGy of 6 MV photon beams. The diameter of the spherical CONPs was 29 nm. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis showed that the cerium element has the highest weight percentage in CONPs (97.9). Accumulation rate of filtered and non-filtered suspension were determined as 0.3608 and 14.2708 μg/ml/h, respectively. The 70 and 110 μM concentration of sustained nanoceria suspension did not have any toxicity for MRC-5 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. In both cell lines, 50, 150, and 250 μM of filtered nanoceria had a significant uptake than the non-filtered nanoceria. A total of results showed that the 70 μM of nanoceria have a significant radioprotection on normal cells in the radiation dose of 40 and 100 cGy, while the highest cellular uptake of nanoceria occurred in cancer cells. The results suggest that using of stable distribution of CONPs for radiation protection could be a good choice, knowing that these nanostructures will have selective protection in normal cells. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Lichen planus and Hepatitis C: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: The association of lichen planus with hepatitis C (HCV) has been widely reported in the literature. However, there are wide geographical variations in the reported prevalence of HCV infection in patients with lichen planus. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of hepatitis C in Iranian patients with lichen planus at Razi hospital, Tehran. METHODS: During the years 1997 and 1998, 146 cases of lichen planus, 78 (53.1%) women and 69 (46.9%) men were diagnosed. They were diagnosed on the basis of the usual clinical features and, if necessary, typical histological findings. The patients were screened for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies by third generation ELISA and liver function tests. We used the results from screening of blood donors for anti HCV (carried out by Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization) for comparison as the control group. RESULTS: Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in seven cases (4.8%). This was significantly higher than that of the blood donors' antibodies (p < 0.001). The odds ratio was 50.37(21.45–112.24). A statistically significant association was demonstrated between erosive lichen planus and HCV infection. Liver function tests were not significantly different between HCV infected and non-infected patients. CONCLUSION: HCV apears to have an etiologic role for lichen planus in Iranian patients. On the other hand, liver function tests are not good screening means for HCV infection

Multimodal treatment options for bilobar colorectal liver metastases

We evaluated individualized multimodal oncological strategies in patients with bilobular colorectal liver metastases (biCRC-LM) as well as their effect on R0 resection rates, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Between January 2001 and December 2008, 64 patients were assigned to straightforward or two-stage liver resection +/- preoperative 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based chemotherapy (CTx). Postoperative strategy after R0-resection was either "wait and see" or "adjuvant" therapy (3 cycles of CTx or anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-radioimmunotherapy with (131)I-labetuzumab in a dose of 40-50 mCi/m(2)). Forty-three initially unresectable patients received preoperative CTx for downsizing of their biCRC-LM. Straightforward or two-stage liver resection was intended in 40 and 24 patients, respectively. Histopathologically confirmed R0-liver resection could be achieved in 47 patients. Surgical morbidity and mortality rates were 33% and 1.5%, respectively. Postoperatively, 26 patients received anti-cancer therapy (5 x CTx, 21 x anti-CEA-radioimmunotherapy). After R0-liver resection, median OS was significantly better compared to R1/R2 resections followed by palliative 5FU-CTx (38 versus 19 months, p = 0.035). There was no significant difference in DFS (p = 0.650) and OS (p = 0.435) between straightforward and two-stage liver resection. Compared to "wait and see" strategy, the application of postoperative therapy in adjuvant intent was associated with a better OS (p = 0.048). Extensive liver resection within multimodal treatment concepts is justified in patients with biCRC-LM when complete resection of all metastases seems to be achievable

Influence of acute pancreatitis on the in vitro responsiveness of rat mesenteric and pulmonary arteries

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by local tissue injury and systemic inflammatory response leading to massive nitric oxide (NO) production and haemodynamic disturbances. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the vascular reactivity of pulmonary and mesenteric artery rings from rats submitted to experimental pancreatitis.</p> <p>Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: saline (SAL); tauracholate (TAU) and phospholipase A₂(PLA₂). Pancreatitis was induced by administration of TAU or PLA₂from <it>Naja mocambique mocambique </it>into the common bile duct of rats, and after 4 h of duct injection the animals were sacrificed. Concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (PHE) in isolated mesenteric and pulmonary arteries were obtained. Potency (pEC₅₀) and maximal responses (E_MAX) were determined. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In mesenteric rings, the potency for ACh was significantly decreased from animals treated with TAU (about 4.2-fold) or PLA₂(about 6.9-fold) compared to saline group without changes in the maximal responses. Neither pEC₅₀nor E_MAXvalues for Ach were altered in pulmonary rings in any group. Similarly, the pEC₅₀and the E_MAXvalues for SNP were not changed in both preparations in any group. The potency for PHE was significantly decreased in rat mesenteric and pulmonary rings from TAU group compared to SAL group (about 2.2- and 2.69-fold, for mesenteric and pulmonary rings, respectively). No changes were seen in the E_MAXfor PHE. The nitrite/nitrate (NO_x^-) levels were markedly increased in animals submitted to acute pancreatitis as compared to SAL group, approximately 76 and 68% in TAU and PLA₂protocol, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Acute pancreatitis provoked deleterious effects in endothelium-dependent relaxing response for ACh in mesenteric rings that were strongly associated with high plasma NO_x^-levels as consequence of intense inflammatory responses. Furthermore, the subsensitivity of contractile response to PHE in both mesenteric and pulmonary rings might be due to the complications of this pathological condition in the early stage of pancreatitis.</p

Is the Clinical Risk Score for Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases Still Useable in the Era of Effective Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy?

Background: Several clinical risk scores (CRSs) for the outcome of patients with colorectal liver metastases have been validated, but not in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, this study evaluates the predictive value of these CRSs in this specific group. Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2008, all patients undergoing a metastasectomy were analyzed and divided into two groups: 193 patients did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (group A), and 159 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (group B). In group B, the CRSs were calculated before and after administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results were evaluated by using the CRSs proposed by Nordlinger et al., Fong et al., Nagashima et al., and Konopke et al. Results: In groups A and B, the overall median survival was 43 and 47 months, respectively (P = 0.648). In group A, all CRSs used were of statistically significant predictive value. Before administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, only the Nordlinger score was of predictive value. After administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, all CRSs were of predictive value again, except for the Konopke score. Conclusions: Traditional CRSs are not a reliable prognostic tool when used in patients before treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, CRSs assessed after the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy are useful to predict prognosis