La violencia contra las personas sexo-género diverso su tratamiento en el sistema jurídico venezolano

The motivated violence against the diverse sex-gender people constitutes today a violation of the third generation human rights such as sexual rights. The purpose of the research is to make a reflexive analysis about the treatment that the Venezuelan legal system through its institutions, provides to the group of people that make up the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex community (LGBTI), taking as main documents the existing legislation in Venezuelan legislation as the Constitution (National Assembly. 1999), Organic Law on the Right of Women to a Life Free of Violence (National Assembly, 2007), Draft Organic Law on Equality and Gender Equality (National Assembly, 2010), Penal Code of Venezuela (National Assembly, 2005), Code of Forensic Medical Instruction (Congress of the United States of Venezuela, 1878), focusing it from the legal point of view and also trying to establish reasonable guidelines s ethical-moral, that guide the attitude of society in general. Gender violence can be a type of physical or psychological violence against any person based on their sex or gender that negatively impacts their identity and social, physical or psychological well-being, as in the case of sex-gender people diverse (LGBTI). The analytical-synthetic method was implemented to carry out the research through a bibliographic documentary review. It is concluded that sexual rights are universal human rights based on inherent freedom, dignity and equality for all human beings. Likewise, it can be seen that throughout the world there are people who face a high level of violence and discrimination because of their sexual orientation and gender identity and our country does not escape this reality.La violencia motivada contra las personas género-sexo diverso, constituye hoy en día a una violación a los derechos humanos de tercera generación como lo son los derechos sexuales. El propósito de la investigación es hacer un análisis reflexivo sobre el tratamiento que el ordenamiento jurídico venezolano a través de sus instituciones, le brinda al grupo de personas que integran la comunidad de Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Trans e intersex (LGBTI), tomando como principales documentos la normativa existente en la legislación venezolana promulgadas por la Constitución (Asamblea Nacional, 1999),  Ley Orgánica sobre el Derecho de las Mujeres a una Vida Libre de Violencia (Asamblea Nacional, 2007), Anteproyecto de LeyOrgánica de Equidad e Igualdad de Género (Asamblea Nacional, 2010), Código Penal de Venezuela (Asamblea Nacional, 2005), Código de Instrucción Médico Forense (Congreso de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela, 1878), Código de Deontología Médica(Federación Médica Venezolana, 2003),enfocándolo desde el punto de vista jurídico legal y así mismo intentado establecer las directrices razonables éticas-morales, que orienten la actitud de la sociedad en general. La violencia de género puede ser un tipo de violencia física o psicológica ejercida contra cualquier persona sobre la base de su sexo o género que impacta de manera negativa su identidad y bienestar social, físico o psicológico, como en el caso de las personas sexo-género diversos (LGBTI). Fue implementado el método analítico-sintético para la realización de la investigación por medio de una revisión documental bibliográfica. Se concluye que los derechos sexuales son derechos humanos universales basados en la libertad inherente, dignidad e igualdad para todos los seres humanos. Así mismo se puede constatar que en todo el mundo hay personas que se enfrentana un elevado nivel de violencia y discriminación por su orientación sexual y suidentidad de género y nuestro país no escapa de esta realidad

Modelling Hot Spots of Soil Loss by Wind Erosion (SoLoWind) in Western Saxony, Germany

Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. While it needs yet to be assessed whether or not wind erosion in Western Saxony is a major point of concern regarding land degradation and fertility, it has already been recognized that considerable off-site effects of wind erosion in the adjacent regions of Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg are connected to the spread of herbicides, pesticides and dust. So far, no wind erosion assessment for Western Saxony, Germany, exists. The wind erosion model previously applied for Germany (DIN standard 19706) is considering neither changes in wind direction over time nor influences of field size. This study aims to provide a first assessment of wind erosion for Western Saxony by extending the existing DIN model to a multidirectional model on soil loss by wind (SoLoWind) with new controlling factors (changing wind directions, soil cover, mean field length and mean protection zone) combined by fuzzy logic. SoLoWind is used for a local off-site effect evaluation in combination with high-resolution wind speed and wind direction data at a section of the highway A72. The model attributes 3·6% of the arable fields in Western Saxony to the very-high-wind erosion risk class. A relationship between larger fields (greater than 116 ha) and higher proportions (51·7%) of very-high-wind erosion risk can be observed. Sections of the highway A72 might be under high risk according to the modelled off-site effects of wind erosion. The presented applications showed the potential of SoLoWind to support and consult management for protection measures on a regional scale. © 2016 The Authors. Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The authors would like to thank Jürgen Heinrich and Gudrun Mayer for the technical revision of the model conception and the German Weather Service, the Saxon State Office for the Environment, Agriculture and Geology, the Saxon State Office for Road Construction and Traffic, the Saxon State Ministry of the Environment and Agriculture, the Saxon State Spatial Data and Land Survey Corporation, the Saxon Road Maintenance Depots, OpenStreetMap and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for providing the datasets. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Supported housing programs for persons with serious mental illness in rural northern communities: A mixed method evaluation

Background: During the past two decades, consumers, providers and policy makers have recognized the role of supported housing intervention for persons diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) to be able to live independently in the community. Much of supported housing research to date, however, has been conducted in large urban centers rather than northern and rural communities. Northern conditional and contextual issues such as rural poverty, lack of accessible mental health services, small or non-existing housing markets, lack of a continuum of support or housing services, and in some communities, a poor quality of housing challenge the viability of effective supported housing services. The current research proposal aims to describe and evaluate the processes and outcomes of supported housing programs for persons living with SMI in northern and rural communities from the perspective of clients, their families, and community providers. Methods: This research will use a mixed method design guided by participatory action research. The study will be conducted over two years, in four stages. Stage I will involve setting up the research in each of the four northern sites. In Stage II a descriptive cross-sectional survey will be used to obtain information about the three client outcomes: housing history, quality of life and housing preference. In Stage III two participatory action strategies, focus groups and photo-voice, will be used to explore perceptions of supported housing services. In the last stage findings from the study will be re-presented to the participants, as well as other key community individuals in order to translate them into policy. Conclusion: Supported housing intervention is a core feature of mental health care, and it requires evaluation. The lack of research in northern and rural SMI populations heightens the relevance of research findings for health service planning. The inclusion of multiple stakeholder groups, using a variety of data collection approaches, contributes to a comprehensive, systems-level examination of supported housing in smaller communities. It is anticipated that the study\u27s findings will not only have utility across Ontario, but also Canada

Silencing and Nuclear Repositioning of the λ5 Gene Locus at the Pre-B Cell Stage Requires Aiolos and OBF-1

The chromatin regulator Aiolos and the transcriptional coactivator OBF-1 have been implicated in regulating aspects of B cell maturation and activation. Mice lacking either of these factors have a largely normal early B cell development. However, when both factors are eliminated simultaneously a block is uncovered at the transition between pre-B and immature B cells, indicating that these proteins exert a critical function in developing B lymphocytes. In mice deficient for Aiolos and OBF-1, the numbers of immature B cells are reduced, small pre-BII cells are increased and a significant impairment in immunoglobulin light chain DNA rearrangement is observed. We identified genes whose expression is deregulated in the pre-B cell compartment of these mice. In particular, we found that components of the pre-BCR, such as the surrogate light chain genes λ5 and VpreB, fail to be efficiently silenced in double-mutant mice. Strikingly, developmentally regulated nuclear repositioning of the λ5 gene is impaired in pre-B cells lacking OBF-1 and Aiolos. These studies uncover a novel role for OBF-1 and Aiolos in controlling the transcription and nuclear organization of genes involved in pre-BCR function