Impact of process parameters (temperature & pH) and salts on kinetics and rheological properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. leave puree

250-255Thermal kinetics of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. leaves puree (HSLP) were measured to determine the energy of kinetic degradation of chlorophyll a (Chl a) & chlorophyll b (Chl b) of puree at pH (1.4 to 5.8) and temperature (343 K to 363 K). Degradation curves were fitted using first-order reaction kinetic models & the activation energy (Ea) for Chl a & Chl b was found to be 44.623±0.18, 39.158±0.25 & 35.775±0.11 kJ mol-1 and 6.086±0.14, 5.174±0.24 & 4.328±0.20 kJ mol-1 at pH 1.43, 3.8 & 5.8, respectively. Every single rheological estimation was done at different shear rates, temperatures, pH, & in the presence of various salts for the product development, quality control, and engineering applications. Rheological data fitted with the Herschel-Buckley model revealed that puree exhibit non-Newtonian, shear-thinning behavior at all tested concentrations and temperatures. The viscosity reached a maximum value at pH 5.8 and it decreased at lower pH values. Salts caused a reduction in viscosity. Comparatively, NaCl had a more pronounced effect than CaCl2 at a similar concentration

A questionnaire based study to assess feedback on teaching methodology and evaluation methods in pharmacology

Background: The reviewing of teaching and evaluation methods by feedback from students and modification is very important for further development and restructuring of medical education in future. The curriculum that we follow needs to be assessed periodically as it highlights the strengths as well as points out the fallacies, which are required to improve the medical teaching.Methods: The present study was carried out at Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre in a total of 100 third year MBBS students. Pre-validated questionnaire was used. Suggestions were also enquired regarding the modifications needed in pharmacology teaching methods.Results: Out of the topic of interest in pharmacology, CNS ranks first with 28%, followed by CVS with 20%. Regarding the topic to be added in regular Pharmacology teaching, 37% preferred on case study and treatment discussion, while 32% preferred group discussion and 16% for quiz. Among the students 54% preferred text books only for studying pharmacology. Regarding the special topics to be discussed in pharmacology, 31% opted for paediatric pharmacology. The students have also suggested for clinical based teaching.Conclusions: The results of present study can serve as positive feedback to make the teaching programme more interesting. A well designed and systematic prospective research needs to be carried out, so that students get updated every year. It can also pave way for a rational prescribing practice after acquiring a proper and updated knowledge about Pharmacology as part of the undergraduate teaching programme

Case Studies In Turbomachinery Operation And Maintenance Using Condition Monitoring.

LecturePg. 101-112With exceedingly high downtime costs and the need for efficient operation of turbo machinery, integrated condition monitoring, wherein a number of health parameters are analyzed, is becoming increasingly popular in process plants and in utilities. Most operational problems can be diagnosed by developing a correlation among several key operating parameters. A wide range of condition monitoring approaches are available and this paper shows how several approaches can be used in conjunction with one another to solve operational problems. Several case studies pertaining to gas and steam turbines and compressors are presented. A matrix of condition monitoring techniques is provided and case studies are presented. Finally, future trends in the area of condition monitoring are presented

Evaluation of anxiolytic potential of Linum usitatissimum oil in wistar rats

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic potential of the Linum usitatissimum (Flax seed) oil (5ml and 2.5ml/kg) in wistar rats by using Elevated plus maze (EPM) model and 5ml and 10 ml/kg in Lithium induced head twitches model. Experiments were carried out on white inbred Wistar rats (180-200 g). The efficacy of the oil at both the animal models was compared with the standard anxiolytic drugs Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg). The result showed that the oil significantly increased the number of entries and time spent in the open arm in the elevated plus maze. Similarly in Lithium induced head twitches model administration of oil decreases the no. of head twitches. Present study confirms that the extract showed significant anxiolytic activity at both dose levels which is comparable with standard anxiolytic Diazepam

95-GT-421 BLADING VIBRATION AND FAILURES IN GAS TURBINES PART D: CASE STUDIES

ABSTRACT The investigation of gas turbine blade failures requires an interdisciplinary approach calling for expertise in gas turbine design, operation and metallurgy. The object of this paper is to show, in the context of blading problems, the interrelationship between design, operation, maintenance, and the operational envelope. This paper presents case studies dealing with a variety of failure modes. The treatment focuses on practical troubleshooting of blading problems augmented, in some cases, by the use of analytical tools

Rediscovery of Neocallichirus audax (De Man, 1911) (Decapoda: Thalassinidea) from Pakistan coast

Deep burrowing thalassinid shrimps also known as mud shrimp or ghost shrimp dominate soft sediment of muddy and sandy beaches. They serve their community by turning over the sediments and facilitating the nutrient influx by their burrowing. From sandy beaches of Pakistan coast four species of the family Callianassidae are known; these are Glypturus martensi (Miers), Neocallichirus audax (de Man), N. indicus (de Man), Podocallichirus masoomi (Tirmizi) (Tirmizi, 1967, 1970, 1974; Kazmi and Kazmi, 1992)

Impact of process parameters (temperature & pH) and salts on kinetics and rheological properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. leave puree

Thermal kinetics of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. leaves puree (HSLP) were measured to determine the energy of kinetic degradation of chlorophyll a (Chl a) & chlorophyll b (Chl b) of puree at pH (1.4 to 5.8) and temperature (343 K to 363 K). Degradation curves were fitted using first-order reaction kinetic models & the activation energy (Ea) for Chl a & Chl b was found to be 44.623±0.18, 39.158±0.25 & 35.775±0.11 kJ mol-1 and 6.086±0.14, 5.174±0.24 & 4.328±0.20 kJ mol-1 at pH 1.43, 3.8 & 5.8, respectively. Every single rheological estimation was done at different shear rates, temperatures, pH, & in the presence of various salts for the product development, quality control, and engineering applications. Rheological data fitted with the Herschel-Buckley model revealed that puree exhibit non-Newtonian, shear-thinning behavior at all tested concentrations and temperatures. The viscosity reached a maximum value at pH 5.8 and it decreased at lower pH values. Salts caused a reduction in viscosity. Comparatively, NaCl had a more pronounced effect than CaCl2 at a similar concentration

Economic Analysis of Oilpalm Cultivation in India: A Case of Andhra Pradesh State

Aim: Present study was taken up with an objective to examine the economic viability and financial feasibility of oilpalm cultivation in Andhra Pradesh. Study Design: Random sampling was used for the study. From each district, based on area proportionality 60 oil palm growers were selected. Place and Duration of Study: The present study was based on primary data collected from 8 oil palm growing districts of Andhra Pradesh. Data was collected in the year 2021. Methodology: To study the financial feasibility, cost concepts given by Commisssion for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP), profitability measures like NPV, BCR, IRR and resource use efficiency were used. Results: The results revealed that, the total cost during the pre-bearing period (initial 3 years) was Rs. 247831 per hectare which includes variable cost (Rs. 167267) and fixed cost (Rs. 80564). The total cost during bearing period (4th to 15th years only) was Rs. 1260177 with a variable cost of Rs. 669494 and fixed cost of Rs. 590684. The total cost (Cost C3) of Oil palm and the net returns over Cost C3 were found as Rs. 1666053 and Rs. 942092 pKer hectare respectively. The increased transportation costs of manures and non-availability of Farm Yard Manure led to the usage of more inorganic fertilizers by sample farmers. The resource use efficiency revealed that manures, fertilizers and annuity of drip system are underutilized whereas; labour and transportation costs were over-utilized. Conclusion: Benefit-cost ratio on variable costs and total costs was 2.98 and 1.49 respectively at 7 per cent which determines that the oil palm cultivation is financially more viable and best suited for rich, large land owning farmers. IRR was 26.01 per cent at which NPV becomes zero. The NPV, BCR and IRR revealed that oil palm cultivation was economically viable in Andhra Pradesh

Synthesis dependent characteristics of Sr1-xMnxTiO3 (x=0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09)

Sr1-xMnxTiO3 (where x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09) was synthesized via different routes that include solid-state, oxalate precipitation and freeze drying. In oxalate precipitation technique, compositions corresponding to 3 and 5 mol % doping of Mn were monophasic whereas the higher compositions revealed the presence of the secondary phases such as MnO, Mn3O4 etc., as confirmed by high resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The decomposition behavior of the precursors prepared using oxalate precipitation method corresponding to the above mentioned compositions was studied. Nanopowders of compositions pertaining to 5 to 9 mol % of Mn doping were obtained using freeze-drying technique. The average crystallite size of these nanopowders was found to be in the 35 to 65 nm range. The microstructural studies carried out on the sintered ceramics, fabricated using powders synthesized by different routes established the fine grained nature (< 1 microm) of the one obtained by freeze drying method. Raman scattering studies were carried out in order to complement the observations made from XRD regarding the phase purity. The dielectric properties of the ceramics obtained by different synthesis routes were studied in the 80 - 300 K temperature range at 100 kHz and the effect of grain size has been discussed.Comment: 38 pages, 4 tables, 13 figure

Gas Turbine Blade Failures - Causes, Avoidance, And Troubleshooting.

Tutorialpg. 129-180With blading problems accounting for as many as 42 percent of the failures in gas turbines (Allianz, 1 978) and with its severe effect on plant availability, there is a pressing need for a unified treatment of the causes, failure modes, and troubleshooting to assist plant engineers in tackling blade failure problems. This paper provides a comprehensive practical treatment of the subject, taking into account the complex nature of blading problems, influence of the operating environment, design factors, and maintenance practices. Blade failure modes such as fatigue, environmental attack, creep, erosion, and embrittlement are addressed along with a synopsis of design tools to review blade reliability. Peripheral issues affecting blade integrity such as fuel and blade quality control are addressed. A blade failure troubleshooting chart is furnished to assist users in diagnosing common failure modes. The object of this paper is to show, in the context of blading problems, the interrelationship between design, operation, maintenance, and the operational envelope. Several case studies are presented dealing with a variety of failure modes. The treatment focuses on practical troubleshooting of blading problems augmented, in some cases, by the use of analytical tools. APPENDIX A provides applicable tools, rules of thumb, and formulae that can be used by gas turbine users for design review and troubleshooting