Thoracotomy compared to laparotomy in the traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Systematic review and proportional methanalysis

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the most used approach to treat traumatic diaphragmatic ruptures, and in which one the requirement to assess the second cavity is more frequent. Methods: Systematic review, observational studies. Outcomes: moment of approach, most commonly via addressed and the requirement to open the other cavity. Bases searched: Lilacs, Pubmed, Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov and Web of Science. Statistical analysis: StatsDirect 3.0.121 software. Results: Sixty eight studies (2023 participants) were included. Approach in acute phase was performed four times more than in chronic phase. Approach: abdominal 65% (IC 95% 63-67%), thoracic 23% (IC 95% 21-24%), abdominal in the acute phase 75% (IC 95% 71-78%), and chronic 24% (IC 95% 19-29%), thoracic in the acute phase 12% (IC 95% 10-14%) and chronic 69% (IC 95% 63-74%). Thorax opening in the abdominal approach: 10% (95% CI 8-14%). Abdomen opening in the thoracic approach: 15% (95% CI 7-24%). Conclusions: The most common approach was the abdominal. The approach in the acute phase was more common. In the acute phase the abdominal approach is more frequent than the thoracic approach. In the chronic phase the thoracic approach is more frequent than the abdominal one. The requirement to open the second cavity was similar in both approaches

Transforming growth factor beta in normal human lung: preferential location in bronchial epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND--Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is an immunomodulatory cytokine regulating the proliferation and differentiation of various cell types. It also contributes to the maintenance of tissue architecture by influencing the production of extracellular matrix components. TGF-beta has been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from normal human lung, but the nature and distribution of cells containing TGF-beta in this organ remain unknown. METHODS--Fourteen normal human lung specimens were studied by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody recognizing TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3. RESULTS--TGF-beta was detected in all cases. Bronchial epithelial cells contained the largest amounts of TGF-beta. In these cells the staining was brightest at the apical pole. Macrophages and smooth muscle cells also contained TGF-beta, although less than epithelial cells. No TGF-beta was detected in other cell populations, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and pneumocytes. CONCLUSIONS--The bronchial epithelial compartment appears to be the main location of TGF-beta in the normal human lung, suggesting that this cytokine has a pivotal role in the immunological properties of the bronchial mucosa

NMF Hyperspectral Unmixing Of The Sea Bottom: Influence Of The Adjacency Effects, Model and Method

International audienceSea bottom unmixing is a challenging task for the analysis of coastal zones. Actually the upward photons are attenuated and diffused by the water column layer, giving low signal to noise hyperspectral data. A classical approach is to perform inversion of the water column using semi-analytical parametric models and estimation process, and obtain the water column constituents (chlorophyll, suspended matter, dissolved organic matter and bathymetry), and the coefficients of pure materials reflectance spectra (endmembers), given in spectral libraries, for each pixel. We consider here the case of unknown endmembers, and we suppose that the water column components have been obtained by a classical inversion method or in-situ measurements. For each observed pixel the upward luminance is analysed and decomposed into three terms, respectively issued after interaction with the target bottom pixel, its neighbours, and the water column. We show that in some conditions the adjacent pixels effect is not negligible, due to the diffusion in the water column, and we develop in accordance a new mixing model for the sea bottom. We propose a non-negative matrix factorisation based unmixing method to solve the problem, and present results for hyperspectral data simulations

Integrating water column effects and bottom neighbor influence for a specific NMF seabed unmixing method

International audienc

Integrating water column effects and bottom neighbor influence for a specific NMF seabed unmixing method

International audienc