Tools for estimating the effectiveness of import-substituting modernization : sase in the agriculture of Russia

The paper explores the approaches to estimate the effectiveness of import substitution, justifies the need to develop a new tool that allows conducting a comprehensive analysis of the impact of import substitution policies on economic modernization. The authors‘ methodology for estimating import-substituting modernization based on an integral indicator is proposed and its practical approval is carried out using agriculture in Russia as an example. The analysis of the results allows the authors to conclude that the import-substituting modernization process is uneven and slow. To activate and accelerate the processes, it is necessary to stimulate domestic demand. The developed tools react quite sensitively to changes in the industry and make it possible to identify cause-effect relationships in a structured factorial analysis of processes.peer-reviewe

Adaptation of market strategies of TNCs in Russia in the context of import substitution policy

The policy of import substitution carried out in Russia objectively affected the interests of leading transnational corporations (TNCs) operating in the Russian markets. The restriction of imports of intermediate goods and the fall in the purchasing power of Russian consumers have formed for TNCs both new problems and new opportunities. The analysis of the integration of TNCs in the Russian policy of import substitution is carried out in the article; their role in the development of industries and agriculture is revealed. It is revealed that the strategies of TNCs are characterized by great flexibility, which allowed them to reduce the negative impact of sanctions and geopolitical tensions. TNCs widely use the strategy of acquisition of popular Russian brands. The weakening ruble and the cheapening of labor costs became additional decision-making factors for the localization of production and selection of local suppliers of intermediate goods, investing in modernization of production facilities, the establishment of added value chains with the involvement of national producers that contributed to the successful embedding of TNCs in the policy of import substitution.peer-reviewe

The distinctions between data and information

One can make an observation that in all the special and popular literature the concept of information is rarely discussed before (without) previous introduction of some its quantitative measure, and if even so, most of the models are at last described in terms of probability theory or sets theory in the context of a certain class of systems. Therefore the information properties and scope of its application depend on the mathematical form of this measure, and, basically, the quantitative properties of some specific information measure are investigated and used, but not the qualitative concept of information

Quantum Geometrodynamics I: Quantum-Driven Many-Fingered Time

The classical theory of gravity predicts its own demise -- singularities. We therefore attempt to quantize gravitation, and present here a new approach to the quantization of gravity wherein the concept of time is derived by imposing the constraints as expectation-value equations over the true dynamical degrees of freedom of the gravitational field -- a representation of the underlying anisotropy of space. This self-consistent approach leads to qualitatively different predictions than the Dirac and the ADM quantizations, and in addition, our theory avoids the interpretational conundrums associated with the problem of time in quantum gravity. We briefly describe the structure of our functional equations, and apply our quantization technique to two examples so as to illustrate the basic ideas of our approach.Comment: 11, (No Figures), (Typeset using RevTeX

Post Newtonian SPH

We introduce an adaptation of the well known Tree+SPH numerical scheme to Post Newtonian (PN) hydrodynamics and gravity. Our code solves the (0+1+2.5)PN equations. These equations include Newtonian hydrodynamics and gravity (0PN), the first order relativistic corrections to those (1PN) and the lowest order gravitational radiation terms (2.5PN). We test various aspects of our code using analytically solvable test problems. We then proceed to study the 1PN effects on binary neutron star coalescence by comparing calculations with and without the 1PN terms. We find that the effect of the 1PN terms is rather small. The largest effect arises with a stiff equation of state for which the maximum rest mass density increases. This could induce black hole formation. The gravitational wave luminosity is also affected.Comment: 28 pages, 13 figures, revised version published in Ap

A nonlinear quantum model of the Friedmann universe

A discussion is given of the quantisation of a physical system with finite degrees of freedom subject to a Hamiltonian constraint by treating time as a constrained classical variable interacting with an unconstrained quantum state. This leads to a quantisation scheme that yields a Schrodinger-type equation which is in general nonlinear in evolution. Nevertheless it is compatible with a probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics and in particular the construction of a Hilbert space with a Euclidean norm is possible. The new scheme is applied to the quantisation of a Friedmann Universe with a massive scalar field whose dynamical behaviour is investigated numerically.Comment: 11 pages of text + 4 pages for 8 figure

(Broken) Gauge Symmetries and Constraints in Regge Calculus

We will examine the issue of diffeomorphism symmetry in simplicial models of (quantum) gravity, in particular for Regge calculus. We find that for a solution with curvature there do not exist exact gauge symmetries on the discrete level. Furthermore we derive a canonical formulation that exactly matches the dynamics and hence symmetries of the covariant picture. In this canonical formulation broken symmetries lead to the replacements of constraints by so--called pseudo constraints. These considerations should be taken into account in attempts to connect spin foam models, based on the Regge action, with canonical loop quantum gravity, which aims at implementing proper constraints. We will argue that the long standing problem of finding a consistent constraint algebra for discretized gravity theories is equivalent to the problem of finding an action with exact diffeomorphism symmetries. Finally we will analyze different limits in which the pseudo constraints might turn into proper constraints. This could be helpful to infer alternative discretization schemes in which the symmetries are not broken.Comment: 32 pages, 15 figure