Effect of heat and thermosonication on kinetics of peroxidase inactivation and vitamin C degradation in seedless guava (Psidium guajava L.)

This study aims to evaluate the effect of heat and the simultaneous application of heat (80-95°C) and ultrasonic waves (thermosonication) on the inactivation kinetic of peroxidase and vitamin C degradation in seedless guava. Ultrasonic wave’s amplitudes except 25 and 100% had significant (P<0.05) effect on peroxidase inactivation rate. The thermal and thermosonication inactivation of peroxidase was described well by first-order kinetics (R2>0.98). In the heat blanching process, the peroxidase inactivation rate constant increased from 1.1×10-2 to 4.6×10-2 s-1. However, the inactivation rate of peroxidase was increased by 1.5–3 times in the temperature range 80–95ºC, with the 50 and 75% ultrasonic wave amplitudes, respectively. Decreases in vitamin C contents due to blanching treatments were found. Blanching processes at high temperature and short time resulted in higher vitamin C retention. It was found that thermosonication treatment inactivates seedless guava peroxidase at less severe blanching conditions and consequently retains vitamin C content at higher levels. The present findings will help to design the blanching conditions in order to reduce the severity of conventional thermal treatments and, therefore, improving the quality of the thermally treated product

Pengaruh Beberapa Kehalusan Tepung Batuan Andesit Dan Pengekstrak Terhadap Ketersediaan Hara Ultisol

Soil has suffered impoverishment nutrient in many place, meanwhile igneous rocks such as andesitein Indonesia still underutilized. Therefore, the research had been conducted to testing the ability ofandesite rock dust on some fineness with the provision of extractors to increasing nutrientsavailability. It had been conducted at the greenhouse, College of Agriculture, North SumatraUniversity, Medan using factorial randomized completely design with two factors and threereplicates, i.e. fineness (80, 40, and 20 mesh) and extractors (distilled water, cow urine, pineapplejuice, and peat water). Parameters analyzed were soil reaction (pH H2O), P-available, exchangebases (K, Na, Ca, and Mg), CEC, and base saturation. The result showed that the fineness ofandesite rock dust increased pH H2O and K-exchange, but couldn't improve P-available, Naexchange,Mg-exchange, CEC, and base saturation.The extractors increased pH H2O, K-exchange, Mg-exchange, and base saturation, but couldn'timprove P-available, Na-exchange, Ca-exchange, and CEC. Interaction between two treatmentscouldn't improve and didn't increase ultisol nutrients availability._______________________________________________________________________________

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Menggunakan Media Pernafasan Paru-Paru

The purpose of this study was to improve students' learning outcomes in science subjects grade VI SD Negeri 02 Ujan Mas by using lung respiratory media. This research uses a type of Class Action (PTK) research conducted in 2 cycles, each cycle consists of 4 stages, namely the stage of planning, implementation of actions, observation and reflection. This research subsection numbered 19 people. Data collection techniques are carried out through tests, and observations. The results showed before learning using respiratory media (Pre-Test) learning results can be categorized as medium with a high category of 2 people, a moderate category of 15 people, and a low category of 2 people.&nbsp; Learning results when using respiratory media (Pre-Test) can be categorized as moderate or sufficient, this is evidenced by the results of learning in a high category of 0 people, a moderate category of 19 people and a low category of 0 people. The results of the analysis showed no significant influence of lung respiratory media on the results of science study grade VI SD N 02 this is evidenced by the results of rxy value data known correlation between variable X and variable Y of 0.061279 located at intervals of 0.00-0.20. In conclusion, there is no significant influence of lung respiratory media on the learning outcomes of science grade VI SD N 02 Ujan Mas. &nbsp; Keywords: Lung Respiratory Media, Learning Outcomes, Science Lesson

Hemicellulose Extraction and Characterization of Rice Straw and Leucaena Leucocephala

Local production of agricultural waste is increasing. It is not fully&nbsp; utilized&nbsp; and&nbsp; can cause an environmental issue if it is not handle wisely. Thus, it is important to increase utilization of lignocellulosic biomass by improving their added value and subsequently decrease the agriculture waste. In this study, rice straw and Leucaena leucocephala were subjected to alkali treatment (4% sodium hydroxide) with different concentration ratio of samples to sodium hydroxide (1:10 to 1:50). The physical and chemical properties of extracted hemicelluloses were studied. The yield of hemicellulose was higher from rice straw compared to Leucaena leucocephala. The chemical functional groups present in hemicellulose were confirmed by Fourier tranform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology and roughness of xylan were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Keywords: rice straw, hemicellulose, sodium hydroxide, alkal

A systematic review of clinical outcomes on the WHO Category II retreatment regimen for tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical outcomes of patients prescribed the World Health Organization (WHO) Category II retreatment regimen for tuberculosis (TB).DESIGNA systematic review of the literature was performed by searching Medscape, Embase and Scopus databases for cohort studies and clinical trials reporting outcomes in adult patients on the Category II retreatment regimen.RESULTSThe proportion of patients successfully completing the retreatment regimen varied from 27% to 92% in the 39 studies included in this review. In only 2/39 (5%) studies was the treatment success rate &gt; 85%. There are very few data concerning outcomes in patients categorised as 'other', and outcomes in this subgroup are variable. Of the five studies reporting disaggregated outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive people, four demonstrated worse outcomes than in HIV-negative people on the retreatment regimen. Only four studies reported disaggregated outcomes in patients with isoniazid (INH) resistance, and treatment success rates varied from 11% to 78%.CONCLUSIONClinical outcomes on the Category II retreatment regimen are poor across various populations. Improvements in management should consider the holistic treatment of comorbidity and comprehensive approaches to drug resistance in patients with recurrent TB, including a standardised approach for the management of INH resistance in patients who develop recurrent TB in settings without reliable access to comprehensive drug susceptibility testing.</p

Multivarate calibration of fourier transform spectra in determining the malonaldehyde as a TBA reactive substance (TBARS) in palm olein

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of palm oil samples between 2900 and 2800 cm–1 and 1800 and 1600 cm–1 were used to compare different multivariate calibration techniques for quantitative determination of their thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) content. Fifty spectra (in duplicate) of palm oil with TBARS values between 0 and 0.25 were used to calibrate models based on partial least squares (PLS) and principal components regression (PCR) analyses with different baselines. The methods were compared for the number of factors, coefficients of determination (R2), and accuracy of estimation. The standard errors of prediction (SEP) were calculated to compare their predictive ability. The calibrated models generated three to eight factors, R2 of 0.9414 to 0.9803, standard error of estimation (SEE) of 0.0063 to 0.0680, and SEP of 1.20 to 6.67

PROMOTING GUIDED-DISCOVERY LEARNING THROUGH WHATSAPP TO STUDENTS IN OPEN UNIVERSITY

Long-distance learning uses an online platform to transfer the knowledge. It has become a breakthrough in this modern era. The online learning brings many benefits to students, but it is also challenging to be implemented by the tutors in distance education universities. This paper tends to investigate the use of the guided-discovery learning (GDL) method in the psycholinguistics online tutorial class. The participants are the students of the English Education program in Universitas Terbuka, who take Psycholinguistics subject with online tutorial service. The methodology of this research is qualitative by using a case study. The researchers use the WhatsApp application as the platform in conducting the course. The students are required to follow the lesson step by step through WhatsApp. Based on the finding, this research reveals that there are two perspectives of the use of GDL toward psycholinguistics online tutorial class. The first perspective is in students that has two major advantages. The second can be seen from the learning perspective which also has two benefits of the use of GDL