25 research outputs found
Exploring, exploiting and evolving diversity of aquatic ecosystem models: a community perspective
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Genomic analysis of recombinant Sabin clinical isolates
Recombination in Poliovirus vaccine strains is a very frequent phenomenon. In this report 23 polio/Sabin strains isolated from healthy vaccinees or from VAPP patients after OPV administration, were investigated in order to identify recombination sites from 2C to 3D regions of the poliovirus genome. RT-PCR, followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) screening analysis were applied in four distant genomic regions (5' UTR, VP1, 2C and 3C-3D) in order to detect any putative recombinant. The detected recombinants were sequenced from 2C to the end of the genome (3' UTR) and the exact recombination sites were determined with computational analysis. Five of the 23 isolated strains were recombinant in one genomic region, two of them in 2C, isolates EP16:S3/S2, EP23:S3/S1, two in 3D isolates EP6:S2/S1, EP12:S2/S1 and one in 3A isolate EP9:S2/Sl. Point mutations were found in strains EP3, EP6, EP9 and EP12. Recombination specific types and sites re-occurrence along with point mutations are discussed concerning the polioviruses evolution
Search For Poliovirus Carriers Among People With Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases In The United States, Mexico, Brazil, And The United Kingdom
Objective: To estimate the rate of long-term poliovirus excretors in people known to have B-cell immune deficiency disorders. Methods: An active search for chronic excretors was conducted among 306 persons known to have immunoglobulin G (IgG) deficiency in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, and the United Kingdom, and 40 people with IgA deficiency in the United States. Written informed consent or assent was obtained from the participants or their legal guardians, and the studies were formally approved. Stool samples were collected from participants and cultured for polioviruses. Calculation of the confidence interval for the proportion of participants with persistent poliovirus excretion was based on the binomial distribution. Findings: No individuals with long-term excretion of polioviruses were identified. Most participants had received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and almost all had been exposed to household contacts who had received OPV. Polioviruses of recent vaccine origin were transiently found in four individuals in Mexico and Brazil, where OPV is recommended for all children. Conclusion: Although chronic poliovirus excretion can occur in immunodeficient persons, it appears to be rare.82138Benyesh-Melnick, M., Melnick, J.L., Rawls, W.E., Wimberly, I., Oro, J.B., Ben-Porath, E., Studies of the immunogenicity, communicability and genetic stability of oral poliovaccine administered during the winter (1967) American Journal of Epidemiology, 86, pp. 112-136Melnick, J.L., Benyesh-Melnick, M., Brennan, J.C., Studies on live poliovirus vaccines. 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