Information-Education in Public Forestry

Public relations, a legitimate activity in some circles, can be a dirty word when it comes to the Federal Government. Yet, public agencies such as the Forest Service must, out of necessity, engage in several aspects of public relations

Real world 3D accuracy achievable of Australian standard 5488-2013 classification of subsurface utility information using electromagnetic field detection

There are hundreds of kilometres of underground services - pipes and cables that carry vital services such as water, electricity, communications and gas are buried throughout Australia and that number is increasing every year. Damage to these vital services is not only costly it is also disruptive to the surrounding community; there is also the risk of personal injury and or death that could be caused by damaging underground infrastructure.(Dial Before You Dig, 2015. The importance of locating these vital utilities before construction to aid in avoiding them is well known. Currently the most readily used technology used to locate these services is electromagnetic field detection. This technology is used to pinpoint the service location to an X, Y and Z position. Can this technology meet the new Australia Standard - Classification of Subsurface Utility Information for positional accuracy in a real world test? To determine this, a test site was chosen that contains an underground line. After using a range of electromagnetic field detection equipment to locate the line, the true position will be revealed using non-destructive digging methods. The derived position of the line from different electromagnetic field detection equipment will be compared against the true position surveyed points. An error analysis will be provided showing a comparison of the methods and thus determine if they meet the quality specified in the Australian Standard

Exchange coupling between two ferromagnetic electrodes separated by a graphene nanoribbon

In this study, based on the self-energy method and the total energy calculation, the indirect exchange coupling between two semi-infinite ferromagnetic strips (FM electrodes) separated by metallic graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is investigated. In order to form a FM/GNR/FM junction, a graphitic region of finite length is coupled to the FM electrodes along graphitic zigzag or armchair interfaces of width $N$. The numerical results show that, the exchange coupling strength which can be obtained from the difference between the total energies of electrons in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings, has an oscillatory behavior, and depends on the Fermi energy and the length of the central region.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, International Conference on Theoretical Physics 'Dubna-Nano2008

Electromagnetic Radiation Experiments with Transmitting, Contra-Wound Toroidal Coils

AbstractExcept for Quantum Electrodynamics, there has been no real extension of Maxwell's classical electromagnetic (EM) field theory since his electromagnetic EM field equations were developed in 1864. These equations describe the behavior of vector fields of low (U1) Lie group symmetry. In this respect, Terence W. Barrett has used topology, group and gauge theory, to extend Maxwell theory into tensor fields of higher symmetry form: SU (2), SU (3), and higher, that describe the behavior of specially conditioned EM fields. One of Barrett's ways of emitting SU(2) EM fields was driving alternating current through toroidal coils at any of the resonant frequencies that will occur for a specific toroid geometry. Experiments to explore the possibility of achieving such resonant frequencies and SU(2) EM emissions will be described

Weakly Coupled Motion of Individual Layers in Ferromagnetic Resonance

We demonstrate a layer- and time-resolved measurement of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in a Ni81Fe19 / Cu / Co93Zr7 trilayer structure. Time-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism has been developed in transmission, with resonant field excitation at a FMR frequency of 2.3 GHz. Small-angle (to 0.2 degree), time-domain magnetization precession could be observed directly, and resolved to individual layers through elemental contrast at Ni, Fe, and Co edges. The phase sensitivity allowed direct measurement of relative phase lags in the precession oscillations of individual elements and layers. A weak ferromagnetic coupling, difficult to ascertain in conventional FMR measurements, is revealed in the phase and amplitude response of individual layers across resonance.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures submitted to Physical Review

When is it OK for children to start drinking fruit juice?

Children should be at least 6 months of age (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, expert opinion) and parents should provide only 100% fruit juice in a cup (not a bottle). Intake should be limited to 4 to 6 oz a day until 12 months of age (SOR: C, expert opinion). It's important to reiterate to parents that breastfeeding is the preferred source of infant nutrition for the first 6 (preferably 12) months of life (SOR: A, systematic reviews)

Emergence and evolution of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 deletion mutant parasites in Ethiopia [preprint]

Malaria diagnostic testing in Africa is threatened by Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) and 3 (pfhrp3) genes. Among 12,572 subjects enrolled along Ethiopia’s borders with Eritrea, Sudan, and South Sudan and using multiple assays, we estimate HRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests would miss 9.7% (95% CI 8.5-11.1) of falciparum malaria cases due to pfhrp2 deletion. Established and novel genomic tools reveal distinct subtelomeric deletion patterns, well-established pfhrp3 deletions, and recent expansion of pfhrp2 deletion. Current diagnostic strategies need to be urgently reconsidered in Ethiopia, and expanded surveillance is needed throughout the Horn of Africa

Luttinger liquid superlattices

We calculate the correlation functions and the DC conductivity of Luttinger liquid superlattices, modeled by a repeated pattern of interacting and free Luttinger liquids. In a specific realization, where the interacting subsystem is a Hubbard chain, the system exhibits a rich phase diagram with four different phases: two metals and two compressible insulators. In general, we find that the effective low energy description amalgamates features of both types of liquids in proportion to their spatial extent, suggesting the interesting possibility of `engineered' Luttinger liquids.Comment: RevTeX, 5 pages, 3 figure

The G-O Rule and Waldmeier Effect in the Variations of the Numbers of Large and Small Sunspot Groups

We have analysed the combined Greenwich and Solar Optical Observing Network (SOON) sunspot group data during the period of 1874-2011 and determined variations in the annual numbers (counts) of the small, large and big sunspot groups (these classifications are made on the basis of the maximum areas of the sunspot groups). We found that the amplitude of an even-numbered cycle of the number of large groups is smaller than that of its immediately following odd-numbered cycle. This is consistent with the well known Gnevyshev and Ohl rule or G-O rule of solar cycles, generally described by using the Zurich sunspot number (Rz). During cycles 12-21 the G-O rule holds good for the variation in the number of small groups also, but it is violated by cycle pair (22, 23) as in the case of Rz. This behaviour of the variations in the small groups is largely responsible for the anomalous behaviour of Rz in cycle pair (22, 23). It is also found that the amplitude of an odd-numbered cycle of the number of small groups is larger than that of its immediately following even-numbered cycle. This can be called as `reverse G-O rule'. In the case of the number of the big groups, both cycle pairs (12, 13) and (22, 23) violated the G-O rule. In many cycles the positions of the peaks of the small, large, and big groups are different and considerably differ with respect to the corresponding positions of the Rz peaks. In the case of cycle 23, the corresponding cycles of the small and large groups are largely symmetric/less asymmetric (Waldmeier effect is weak/absent) with their maxima taking place two years later than that of Rz. The corresponding cycle of the big groups is more asymmetric (strong Waldmeier effect) with its maximum epoch taking place at the same time as that of Rz.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted by Solar Physic