Analysis of Agroecology and the Requirement of Supplemental Irrigation on Cacao Plants in Lampung

One of the factors that affect the productivity of cacao plants is water availability. Water deficit will negatively affect the development of cacao flowers and beans. Water stress is reported as one of the causes of low productivity on plantation crops in Lampung Province. The study was aimed to analyze the characteristics of agroecology and supplemental irrigation required for growth and production of cacao in Lampung. The research was carried out in the District of Pesawaran, Tanggamus, East Lampung, and South Lampung, Lampung Province, from 2012 to 2015. The study was conducted with the survey method and literature study for the collection of the primary and secondary data, related to the characteristics of the land agroecology. Geographically, the main cacao growing areas in this region is divided into two regions, western region consist of Pesawaran and Tanggamus District and east region comprise of East Lampung and South Lampung District. Based on agroecological zones, the planting of cacao in both regions is in accordance with the recommendations of land use. However, land suitability analysis showed that some of the agroecological characteristics of land becomes a limiting factor for the growth and production of cacao, including soil pH < 5.5, low cations exchange capacity (CEC) (< 16 cmol(+)/kg), air humidity > 75%, and in some areas there is an erosion hazard. Another obstacle is the water deficit that occurs during 140 days within 1 year of cacao growth cycle that occurred in July until mid-November. There are two factors that can be applied to increase cacao productivity in Lampung province, i.e. (1) an improvement of cacao cultivation technology that can address the characteristics of agroecology as a limiting factor of growth, and (2) an application of a supplemental irrigation technology to avoid cacao from water stress. The requirement of supplemental irrigation is 340.5 mm in western region and 209.7 mm in eastern region of Lampung

Serangan Hama Putih Palsu (Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis) (Guenee) Dan Penampilan Agronomik Pada Beberapa Varietas Padi

The study of leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) attack and the agronomic performance of new rice varieties Inpari 13 and Cigelis has been done by AIAT Lampung on dry season (MK) May 2011 to August 2011 at Wonosari village, Sub distric Pekalongan, East Lampung.The study aims to obtain new varieties of high production and tolerant to pests and diseases.The study was conducted by randomized block design, consisting of three treatment rice varieties as Inpari 13, Cigelis and Ciherang as conttrol, were repeated 3 time.The size plots 6 m x 5 m, rice is planted moving, spacing 20 cm x 25 cm, 23 days old seedlings were planted, the number of seedlings planted 1-3 stems per clump, fertilizing 250 kg Urea + 250 kg NPK and 7500 kg of compost and 500 cc ZPT per hectare. Observations on 10 samples per plot clumps were determined randomly in the middle plants of the clump within 10 row plants from the edge of plot lines. Which observed were height plant, number of tillers and productive tillers per panicle, leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) attack at 35 days after planting, dry grain production (GKP), grain fill and empty grains per panicle. Data were analyzed by DMRT test at 5% level difference. The results showed that leaffolder pests attacking on rice varieties Inpari 13, Cigelis and Ciherang since planted up to 35 days after planting with varying levels of damage to each variety. Leaffolder pests highest attack on Ciherang varieties (34.28%) followed Inpari 13 (32.29%) and lowest Cigelis (13.33%). Number of rice seedlings at the age of 35 days highest Inpari 13 and Ciherang, the number of tillers in the two varieties are almost the same, were respectivelly 11.80 and 11.81 stems per clump and the lowest Cigelis 10.83 stems per clump.The number of productive tillers varieties Inpari 13, Cigelis and Ciherang relatively the same, were 14.6 stems (98.18%), 15.0 stems (97.40%) and 15.0 stems (97.40%) respectivelly. The number of grains and pithy grains per panicle highest Inpari 13 varieties of 134.33 grains (grains pithy 128.73 grains), Cigelis 114.13 grains (grains pithy 110.73 grains) and lowest Ciherang 90.73 grains (grains pithy 87.53 grains). The productivity of Suprapto dan Bariot Hafif : Serangan Hama Putih Palsu (Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis)... Volume 12, Nomor 1, Januari 2012 37 dry grain harvest (GKP) highest in varieties Inpari 13 (6400 kg / ha), followed Cigelis (6080 kg / ha) and lowest Ciherang (4480 kg / ha)

Pengembangan Perkebunan Kopi Berbasis Inovasi di Lahan Kering Masam

Sumbangan usaha tani kopi terhadap kegiatan ekonomi penduduk tidak terbatas pada produksi kopi semata, tetapi juga lapangan pekerjaan di sektor perdagangan dan jasa. Kopi umumnya dibudidayakan dalam skala kecil. Namun, lahan untuk usaha komoditas perkebunan umumnya berupa lahan kering masam sehingga produktivitas tanaman rendah. Hal ini karena lahan kering masam mengandung Al tinggi yang dapat meracuni tanaman dan mengganggu penyerapan hara, miskin hara terutama N, P, K, Ca, dan Mg, miskin bahan organik, dan miskin mikroba tanah sehingga kurang subur. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan lahan kering masam untuk usaha pertanian perlu didukung teknologi pengelolaan sumber daya lahan seperti benih unggul toleran tanah masam, pemupukan berimbang, serta konservasi tanah dan air untuk lahan berlereng. Inovasi teknologi untuk komoditas perkebunan di lahan kering masam sudah tersedia. Agar teknologi tersebut dapat diterapkan di lapangan telah disusun suatu model yang terdiri atas empat kegiatan, yaitu (1) konservasi, yaitu pengembangan agribisnis kopi dalam perspektif konservasi lahan dan agroforestri, (2) perbaikan teknik budi daya melalui peremajaan dengan klon-klon unggul yang didukung kebun entres, (3) penanganan pascapanen untuk meningkatkan kualitas biji kopi, dan (4) penguatan kelembagaan petani melalui peningkatan dinamika kelembagaan petani yang berorientasi usaha tani kopi berbasis konservasi

The Effectiveness of Ameliorants, Fertilizer, and Mycorrhiza for Rubber Growth at Post Tin Mining Land

The use of post tin mining land for agricultural purpose is constrained by the coarse soil texture (sand), low C-organic, acid pH and low nutrient content which can be rehabilitated with soil ameliorant treatment. The research objective was to determine the best soil management of post tin mining land through the use of soil ameliorant, fertilizer, and mycorrhiza application for rubber plant growth. The research was conducted in Mandor District, Landak Regency, West Kalimantan, from 2014 until 2015. The experiment design was a split plots with 3 replications. The main plot was the use of ameliorant i.e M1 (16 kg of compost + 24 kg of quartz tailings), M2 (16 kg of clay soil + 24 kg of quartz tailings), M3 (8 kg of compost + 8 kg of clay soil + 24 kg of quartz tailings), and control (without soil ameliorant). Subplot was fertilizer dosage i.e D1 (100% of the recommended doses), D2 (100% of the recommended doses + 100 g of mycorrhiza), D3 (125% of the recommended doses), D4 (125% of the recommended doses + 100 g of mycorrhiza). The study was conducted at altitude of 50 m asl, type A climate, annual rainfall at 2.600 mm, sandy soil (82.2%) with very low N (0.09%), very low K (0.08 cmol (+)/kg), and low P (9.24 ppm). Variables observed were the rubber plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves). Result showed that optimizing the rubber growth at post tin mining land needs soil ameliorants application such as compost and clay. Meanwhile, the optimal dose of fertilizer is 125% of the recommended dose plus 100 g of mycorrhiza

Potential Analysis of Hydro Power Plants in Pesisir Barat District, Lampung Province

Hydropower plants are increasingly being heard nowadays, but the growth is still very lacking, especially for residents living in rural and coastal areas. At present several efforts have been made by the government, including the existence of a system of purchasing electricity from small-scale renewable energy generation and the construction of new transmission networks. Pesisir Barat Regency is part of the South Lampung region, Sumatra. This region has a population distribution in the coastal area and is surrounded by Bukit Barisan National Park. So that there are many large river streams that can be utilized by the local community. Large rivers have the potential to be utilized further as hydropower renewable energy sources. River potential is seen by conducting river location surveys, flow measurements and river heads and power calculations. Based on the analysis of measurement results there are two rivers that have the potential to be a micro or mini hydro generator; Way Laai and Way Lami. The maximum design discharge of Way Laai of 4.52 m3/s can produce a mechanical output power of 1223.82 kW with an effective head of 44.16 m. Way Lami with a design discharge of 5,336 m3/s, an effective head of 28.8 m has the potential to provide a mechanical power output of 942.23 kW. Sequentially, with this mechanical output power, the Way Laai and Way Lami rivers, can meet the electricity needs of the community with an installed power of 900VA as much as ± 1350, ± 25100 Houses

Khelatisasi Ion Aluminium oleh Asam Organik Eksudat Akar Brachiaria

Aluminum toxicity is one of the major factors inhibiting plant growth in acid soils. Brachiaria grass adapt to high Al concentration. This experiment was conducted to study exudation of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) activated by Al, from Brachiaria roots and its potential in chelating Al. Three Brachiaria species, i.e. B. decumbens, B. ruziziensis and B. brizantha, planted in sterile sand culture and were treated with 5 Al concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 μM). After two-month experiment, three kinds of LMWOA, i.e, malic, citric, and oxalic acids, produced by the three Brachiaria-root exudates were measured in the sand culture. The production of malic acid was higher than that of citric and oxalic acid. Those organic acids were influenced by Al concentration; the higher Al concentration the higher organic acid content would be. The organic acids were also proved to form Al-organic compounds effectively of which B. decumbens and B. brizantha were more effective in chelating Al at relatively low Al (100 μM) and at relatively high Al concentration (300 μM and 400 μM), respectively

Peatland nutrient status and Liberica coffee seedlings growth as a response to biofertilizer

Knowing the nutrient status of growing media is a strategy for precision agriculture. The research aims to study the Liberica coffee seedling response to the nutrient status of peat under the influence of bio-fertilizer. The experiment used a completely randomized design in a factorial treatment arrangement with six replications. 1st factor was peat types; fibric, hemic, and sapric and 2nd factor were inoculated and non-inoculated peat by cellulolytic bacteria. Liberica coffee seedlings were found very responsive to P2O5 and Ca deficiencies, so the growth was not optimal on sapric, whereas the seedlings did not seem to respond to the low K status in fibric. The enrichment of cellulolytic bacteria increased the P2O5 of sapric from deficiency (6.84 ppm) to high (12.25 ppm), although the effect was not yet significant to improve the seedling growth. By cellulolytic bacteria enrichment, stem diameter, stem height, and leaves numbers of Liberica coffee seedlings on fibric added 2.33 mm, 9.25 cm, 3.75 strands, on hemic added 3.05 mm, 7.75 cm, and 4.25 strands and on sapric added 2.18 mm, 2.25 cm, and 1.25 strands, respectively. This study was the first step to getting more precise fertilizers for Liberica coffee planting on peatlands

Potential Analysis of Hydro Power Plants in Pesisir Barat District, Lampung Province

Hydropower plants are increasingly being heard nowadays, but the growth is still very lacking, especially for residents living in rural and coastal areas. At present several efforts have been made by the government, including the existence of a system of purchasing electricity from small-scale renewable energy generation and the construction of new transmission networks. Pesisir Barat Regency is part of the South Lampung region, Sumatra. This region has a population distribution in the coastal area and is surrounded by Bukit Barisan National Park. So that there are many large river streams that can be utilized by the local community. Large rivers have the potential to be utilized further as hydropower renewable energy sources. River potential is seen by conducting river location surveys, flow measurements and river heads and power calculations. Based on the analysis of measurement results there are two rivers that have the potential to be a micro or mini hydro generator; Way Laai and Way Lami. The maximum design discharge of Way Laai of 4.52 m3/s can produce a mechanical output power of 1223.82 kW with an effective head of 44.16 m. Way Lami with a design discharge of 5,336 m3/s, an effective head of 28.8 m has the potential to provide a mechanical power output of 942.23 kW. Sequentially, with this mechanical output power, the Way Laai and Way Lami rivers, can meet the electricity needs of the community with an installed power of 900VA as much as ± 1350, ± 25100 Houses