Generating highly entangled states via discrete-time quantum walks with Parrondo sequences

Quantum entanglement has multiple applications in quantum information processing. Methods to generate highly entangled states independent of initial conditions is an essential task. Herein we aim to generate highly entangled states via discrete time quantum walks. We propose deterministic Parrondo sequences that generate states that are, in general, much more entangled than states produced by sequences using only either one of the two coins. We show that some Parrondo sequences generate highly entangled states which are independent of the phase of the initial state used and further lead to maximally entangled states in some cases. We study Parrondo sequences for both small number of time steps as well as the asymptotic limit of a large number of time steps.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Revisiting Local Time Semantics for Networks of Timed Automata

We investigate a zone based approach for the reachability problem in timed automata. The challenge is to alleviate the size explosion of the search space when considering networks of timed automata working in parallel. In the timed setting this explosion is particularly visible as even different interleavings of local actions of processes may lead to different zones. Salah et al. in 2006 have shown that the union of all these different zones is also a zone. This observation was used in an algorithm which from time to time detects and aggregates these zones into a single zone. We show that such aggregated zones can be calculated more efficiently using the local time semantics and the related notion of local zones proposed by Bengtsson et al. in 1998. Next, we point out a flaw in the existing method to ensure termination of the local zone graph computation. We fix this with a new algorithm that builds the local zone graph and uses abstraction techniques over (standard) zones for termination. We evaluate our algorithm on standard examples. On various examples, we observe an order of magnitude decrease in the search space. On the other examples, the algorithm performs like the standard zone algorithm

Study and clinical evaluation of 25 cases of primary amenorrhea

Background: Primary amenorrhea is absence of menstruation and secondary sexual characters by age of 14 years primary amenorrhea is < 1%. Development of female genital organs takes place from mullerian DUCT (paramesonephric duct). The objective of this study was to note the various causes, complete clinical picture and the management in 25 such cases of primary amenorrhea.Methods: This is a prospective study done in 25 cases. They were investigated, managed and patients were called up for follow up for their response to treatment.Results: Out of 25 cases studied, maximum cases presented at 14-16 years of age, with chief complaint of primary amenorrhea, out of which 8% were married, 44% cases were of MRKH syndrome which was the most common cause of primary amenorrhea.Conclusions: Amenorrhea has got multi factorial etiology. For patients with amenorrhea physical examination should focus on pubertal development and possible genital out flow obstruction

Evolution of Sonar Survey Systems for Sea Floor Studies

Approximately 71% of our planet is covered with oceans. It is also known that oceans are the last frontiers for the mankind’s survival and therefore it becomes pertinent that they are studied in great details. It has been found that the exploration of the oceans can be done more precisely using acoustics as one of the methods, as the acoustic waves can propagate over large distances and also using a broad spectrum of frequencies various issues of the ocean studies can be addressed more effectively than many of the other methods, both in terms resolution (using high frequency components) of measuring parameters and over large ranges (using low to very low frequency components). Currently with the technological advancement and improved computing algorithms, we have state of art systems for ocean exploration, which can provide information about the sea floor, sub-surface including ocean floor classification. These could be projected in 2-D and 3-D visualization to a great accuracy. Also available are acoustical methods wherein one can obtain an extremely important information about water column properties (both in terms of bioinformation and physical properties), and has great importance as this water column is the medium for transmission of all kind of energies(acoustic for short, medium and long ranges and some time light source for exploration over a very short distance) that are used for exploration on the oceans. It will therefore be interesting to understand the progress of underwater acoustics from its very primitive stage, where acoustic transmission through water medium was used for first time to the present day highly complex but very advanced acoustic sea-floor surveying systems. It will also be interesting to know, with a very old maritime history of using seas for transportation, as to what were the methods used by early time seafarers to understand depths of the oceans they were sailing. It has taken almost a century in developing an acoustic system to arrive at the present day advancement. An attempt has been made to present a perspective of evolution and advancement in underwater acoustics and related electronic, material and computational advancement, starting from the early attempts to the modern day acoustic equipments

Simulations for Event-Clock Automata

Event-clock automata are a well-known subclass of timed automata which enjoy admirable theoretical properties, e.g., determinizability, and are practically useful to capture timed specifications. However, unlike for timed automata, there exist no implementations for event-clock automata. A main reason for this is the difficulty in adapting zone-based algorithms, critical in the timed automata setting, to the event-clock automata setting. This difficulty was studied in [Gilles Geeraerts et al., 2011; Gilles Geeraerts et al., 2014], where the authors also proposed a solution using zone extrapolations. In this paper, we propose an alternative zone-based algorithm, using simulations for finiteness, to solve the reachability problem for event-clock automata. Our algorithm exploits the ?-simulation framework, which is the coarsest known simulation relation for reachability, and has been recently used for advances in other extensions of timed automata

What cardiologists need to know about cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is increasingly used in the evaluation of patients with cardiac and aortic disease. The ability to characterise myocardial tissue, function and anatomy (in any plane) without any exposure to ionising radiation are the main advantages over other imaging modalities used in cardiology. In this article we discuss the principles underlying the imaging technique, safety issues, indications and strengths of CMR. It aims to provide a concise, practical overview for the general cardiologist

Schwinger-Dyson operator of Yang-Mills matrix models with ghosts and derivations of the graded shuffle algebra

We consider large-N multi-matrix models whose action closely mimics that of Yang-Mills theory, including gauge-fixing and ghost terms. We show that the factorized Schwinger-Dyson loop equations, expressed in terms of the generating series of gluon and ghost correlations G(xi), are quadratic equations S^i G = G xi^i G in concatenation of correlations. The Schwinger-Dyson operator S^i is built from the left annihilation operator, which does not satisfy the Leibnitz rule with respect to concatenation. So the loop equations are not differential equations. We show that left annihilation is a derivation of the graded shuffle product of gluon and ghost correlations. The shuffle product is the point-wise product of Wilson loops, expressed in terms of correlations. So in the limit where concatenation is approximated by shuffle products, the loop equations become differential equations. Remarkably, the Schwinger-Dyson operator as a whole is also a derivation of the graded shuffle product. This allows us to turn the loop equations into linear equations for the shuffle reciprocal, which might serve as a starting point for an approximation scheme.Comment: 13 pages, added discussion & references, title changed, minor corrections, published versio

Highly Sensitive Electrospun Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Embedded Zinc Oxide Nanowire Based Interface for Label Free Biosensing

We demonstrate synthesis of Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MW CNTs) embedded highly oriented Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanowires targeted towards development of ultrasen sitive electrochemical nanobiosensors using electrospinning method. The synthesized composite nanowires combines advantages of ZnO such as biocompa tibility, electrostatic affinity towards biomolecules with the excellent conductivity and surface functi onalization capabilities of MWCNTs. Calcinatio n temperature is optimized so as to ensure MWCNTs are present in their original form and at the same time highly crystalline ZnO is obtained. The key advantage o f this process is that there is no separate functionalization pr ocess is required to create functional groups on MWCNTs. Furthermore, the electrochemical activity of MWCNTs embedded ZnO nanowires is much higher as compared to pure ZnO nanowires. We have demonstrated the performance of electrochem ical nanobiosensor using Biotin -streptavidin interaction as model system. The sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity in the range 10 μ gmL -1 - 0.5 fgmL -1 of streptavidin with 0.5fgmL -1 limit of detection

Stress analysis in 3D IC having Thermal Through Silicon Vias (TTSV)

TTSV is proposed for the removal of heat from between the IC layers as these TTSVs carries heat down to the sink. However, it may generate stress in Silicon. In the present paper, thermal-stress simulation of stack consists of three IC layers bonded face up is performed using finite element modeling tools. We also analyzed the stress generated in 3D IC containing TTSV. Further we proposed a method for lower stress around the TTSV. The method proposed decreases the Von Misses Stress by a value of 40Mpa on average considering all the IC layers. Thus by achieving this, functionality of the chip becomes more reliable