HUBUNGAN ANTARA UKURAN TUBUH DAN SIKAP KERJA DENGAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PADA PETANI PENGUPAS KELAPA DI KELURAHAN GUNUNG WOKA KECAMATAN LEMBEH UTARA KOTA BITUNG

Keluhan muskuloskeletal dirasakan mulai dari keluhan ringan sampai dengan keluhan berat yang dikarenakan bekerja secara berulang dalam waktu yang lama. Sikap kerja tidak alamiah seperti;pergerakan tangan terangkat, punggung terlalu membungkuk dan kepala terangkat dapat menyebabkan keluhan sistem muskuloskeletal.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara ukuran tubuh dan sikap kerja dengan keluhan MSDs. Dilakukan dengan penelitian survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pelaksanaan Penelitian di Kelurahan Gunung Woka Kecamatan Lembeh Utara Kota Bitung, dari bulan September sampai Desember 2019. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 68 responden. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map dan pengukuran menggunakan Metode The Rapid Entire Body Assessment, timbangan berat badan dan microtoise. dengan mengunakan uji korelasi spearman. Hasil uji statistik antara ukuran tubuh dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan dengan nilai p = 0,525 dan nilai r =0,097, dan ada hubungan antara sikap kerja dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal dengan nilai r = 0,388 dan  p = 0,008 yang memiliki hubungan keeratan searah dan lemah. Kata kunci: Keluhan Muskuloskeletal, Ukuran Tubuh, Sikap Kerja ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal complaints are felt ranging from minor complaints to serious complaints due to repeated work for a long time. Unnatural work attitudes such as; hand movements raised, back bent too much and head raised can cause complaints of the musculoskeletal system. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between body size and work attitude with MSDs complaints. Conducted by analytic survey research with a cross sectional approach. Research implementation in Gunung Woka Village, Lembeh Utara District, Bitung City, from September to December 2019. The research sample was 68 respondents. Collecting data through interviews using a Nordic Body Map questionnaire and measurement using The Rapid Entire Body Assessment Method, weight scales and microtoise. by using the Spearman correlation test. The results of statistical tests between body size and musculoskeletal complaints showed that there was no relationship with p = 0.525 and r = 0.097, and there was a relationship between work attitude and musculoskeletal complaints with a value of r = 0.388 and p = 0.008 which had a unidirectional and weak relationship. Keywords: Musculoskeletal Complaints, Body Size, Work Attitud

Photopolymer Resins with Biobased Methacrylates Based on Soybean Oil for Stereolithography

The accessibility of renewable materials that are both sustainable and competitive is essential to accommodate the rapid growth in consumption of 3D printing materials. We have developed biobased photopolymer resins based on modified soybean oil for application in commercial stereolithography printers. First, soybean oil methacrylates with various functionalities were successfully synthesized from epoxidized soybean oil as an alternative to commercially available soybean oil acrylate. A library of photoresins was created by mixing up to 80% of the biobased (meth)acrylate oligomers with biobased diluents and a photoinitiator. The resin composition was optimized to achieve a maximum biobased content and a low viscosity. The manufactured parts demonstrated complete layer fusion and accurate print quality. Stiffness and toughness can be tuned by altering the chemical composition or the number of functional groups per oligomer. These biobased materials can be employed to reduce the environmental impact of additive manufacturing while being competitive with current fossil-based resins from commercial manufacturers

Abrupt environmental and climatic change during the deposition of the Early Permian Haushi limestone, Oman

During the late Sakmarian (Early Permian), the Haushi limestone was deposited in a shallow embayment of the Neotethys Ocean covering what is now north Oman and parts of southeast Saudi Arabia. The sea persisted through the late Sakmarian, but by the time of the deposition of the ?Artinskian Middle Gharif Member, limestone deposition had ceased and generally arid fluvial and minor lacustrine palaeonvironments in a low accommodation space setting had become established. Analysis of three subsurface cored boreholes and other surface sections of the Haushi limestone shows an upward change in microfacies from bryonoderm to molechfor associations reflecting the passage from heterozoan to photozoan communities. The biotic turnover indicates cooler climate and eutrophy in the lower parts of the unit and an upward trend towards warmer climate and more oligotrophic conditions in the upper part. Common autochthonous algal palynomorphs and high δ13Corg in the lower part suggest that high nutrient levels were due to greater fluvial runoff, while allochthonous pollen assemblages indicate that the climate of the hinterland became more arid through the deposition of the unit, causing upward increasing seawater trends in δ18Ocarb. Several extraneous factors are likely to have contributed to this palaeoenvironmental change, which was more abrupt than in other parts of post glacial Early Permian Gondwana. First, the Haushi sea, being an embayment partially isolated by Hawasina rift shoulder uplift, was more vulnerable to changes in rainfall and runoff than an open sea. Second, continued post glacial global warming and small northward movement of Gondwana may have contributed to temperature increase. Aridity may have been caused by the onset of monsoons and the influence of rift shoulders to the northeast and southeast