Search for Effect of Influence from Future in Large Hadron Collider

We propose an experiment which consists of drawing a card and using it to decide restrictions on the running of Large Hadron Collider (LHC for short) at CERN, such as luminosity, and beam energy. There may potentially occur total shut down. The purpose of such an experiment is to search for influence from the future, that is, backward causation. Since LHC will produce particles of a mathematically new type of fundamental scalars, i.e., the Higgs particles, there is potentially a chance to find unseen effects, such as on influence going from future to past, which we suggest in the present paper.Comment: 18pp, comments added, change of title and corrections of main text; v4:minor typos correcte

Chemical composition, fibre types and enzymes activates of longissimus thoracis muscle of the one humped camel

Thirty samples of Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle were collected from 2-3 years old male camels slaughtered according to seasons of the year (winter, summer and autumn). The samples were then subjected to chemical analysis to study the chemical composition, fibre types and metabolic enzymes activities and variations among seasons. The results showed that chemical composition, ultimate pH (pHu) and calor were significantly influenced by season. Enzymes activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) were higher during autumn season compared to summer and winter (2.7 and 1.8 uml/min per g muscle, respectively). Quantification of muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms by SOS-PAGE electrophoresis and image analysis indicated higher proportions rn winter for type I muscle fibres and in autumn for type I la muscle fibres. Positive correlation was observed (0.84) between the proportion of fibre type I and lsocitrate Dehydrogenase (ICDH) enzyme activity. These findings indicated that muscle characteristics in camels are highly regulated by season. (Résumé d'auteur

Impact of management practices, dam age and parity on growth rate of camel calves under farming system

Farming system is a new technique for Camel production in arid and semi-arid regions, two experiments were conducted on sixteen camel calves, each experiment included eight calves, they were selected after calving directly Camel Research Centre and Zakiet Modern Farm in Khartoum, Sudan. To investigate on new technique of restricted suckling of calves in order to evaluate technical effect on daily weight gain of calves for sixteen weeks under semi-intensive system, in addition to assess the impact of dam age and parity on calves growth rate from birth to four months of age under intensive system. The difference of birth weight between calves of two experiments not significantly (P0.05). High weight gain (P0.05) was observed in fourth week of restricted calves compared to that freely calves that attributed to early adaptability of restricted calves on feed concentrated. In the end of experiment, the technique of restricted suckling was not effect (P0.05) on daily weight gain of calves. Whereas, no effect of dam age and parity on growth rate of calves have been observed in this study. However, camel farming system was appreciated for improve camel productivity and reduces age of maturity. (Résumé d'auteur

Sampling considerations when analyzing micrometric-sized particles in a liquid jet using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

International audiencePollution of water is a matter of concern all over the earth. Particles are known to play an important role in the transportation of pollutants in this medium. In addition, the emergence of new materials such as NOAA (Nano-Objects, their Aggregates and their Agglomerates) emphasizes the need to develop adapted instruments for their detection. Surveillance of pollutants in particulate form in waste waters in industries involved in nanopartide manufacturing and processing is a telling example of possible applications of such instrumental development. The LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) technique coupled with the liquid jet as sampling mode for suspensions was deemed as a potential candidate for on-line and real time monitoring. With the final aim in view to obtain the best detection limits, the interaction of nanosecond laser pulses with the liquid jet was examined. The evolution of the volume sampled by laser pulses was estimated as a function of the laser energy applying conditional analysis when analyzing a suspension of micrometric-sized particles of borosilicate glass. An estimation of the sampled depth was made. Along with the estimation of the sampled volume, the evolution of the SNR (signal to noise ratio) as a function of the laser energy was investigated as well. Eventually, the laser energy and the corresponding fluence optimizing both the sampling volume and the SNR were determined. The obtained results highlight intrinsic limitations of the liquid jet sampling mode when using 532 nm nanosecond laser pulses with suspensions

Estimating the burden of malaria in Senegal : Bayesian zero-inflated binomial geostatistical modeling of the MIS 2008 data

The Research Center for Human Development in Dakar (CRDH) with the technical assistance of ICF Macro and the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) conducted in 2008/2009 the Senegal Malaria Indicator Survey (SMIS), the first nationally representative household survey collecting parasitological data and malaria-related indicators. In this paper, we present spatially explicit parasitaemia risk estimates and number of infected children below 5 years. Geostatistical Zero-Inflated Binomial models (ZIB) were developed to take into account the large number of zero-prevalence survey locations (70%) in the data. Bayesian variable selection methods were incorporated within a geostatistical framework in order to choose the best set of environmental and climatic covariates associated with the parasitaemia risk. Model validation confirmed that the ZIB model had a better predictive ability than the standard Binomial analogue. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods were used for inference. Several insecticide treated nets (ITN) coverage indicators were calculated to assess the effectiveness of interventions. After adjusting for climatic and socio-economic factors, the presence of at least one ITN per every two household members and living in urban areas reduced the odds of parasitaemia by 86% and 81% respectively. Posterior estimates of the ORs related to the wealth index show a decreasing trend with the quintiles. Infection odds appear to be increasing with age. The population-adjusted prevalence ranges from 0.12% in Thille-Boubacar to 13.1% in Dabo. Tambacounda has the highest population-adjusted predicted prevalence (8.08%) whereas the region with the highest estimated number of infected children under the age of 5 years is Kolda (13940). The contemporary map and estimates of malaria burden identify the priority areas for future control interventions and provide baseline information for monitoring and evaluation. Zero-Inflated formulations are more appropriate in modeling sparse geostatistical survey data, expected to arise more frequently as malaria research is focused on eliminatio

Tuareg ethnoveterinary treatments of camel diseases in Agadez area (Niger)

peer reviewedFor generations, nomadic herders have been learning to manage herd health, particularly in dromedaries because of their great value. Owing to the unavailability of veterinary services, camel herders in remote areas have been developing their own pharmacopoeia and veterinary techniques. The bleeding of sick animals is a common treatment, as Tuareg herders believe that 'tainted blood' (izni) is the cause of many conditions. Several surgical techniques are also used, such as excision of calcified sublingual cord. The remedies mentioned in this survey are derived from Maerua crassifolia, Boscia senegalensis, Acacia raddiana, Cucumis prophetarum, Calotropis procera, Ricinus communis, Citrullus colocynthis, green tea, millet, tobacco and onions. Artificial elements are also used for treatment of animals: Powders collected from batteries, various haircare or skincare creams, crushed glass, insecticides or motor oil belong to their pharmacopoeia. This broadmindedness allows the introduction of modern veterinary medicine. Factors such as the lack of real production objectives constitute limits to this progress, however

Apparition d'encéphalomyélite aviaire au Sénégal

Des cas d'encéphalomyélite aviaire ont été mis en évidence sur des poussins, poulettes futures pondeuses, en novembre 1997. C'était la première fois que cette maladie était diagnostiquée au Sénégal. Les lésions classiques de cette virose révélées lors du diagnostic histologique ont confirmé sa présence. La vaccination contre l'encéphalomyélite n'était pas obligatoire et certains couvoirs ne vaccinaient pas leurs reproducteurs. L'existence de cette pathologie semble imposer dorénavant une vaccination de tous les reproducteurs du Sénégal. Parallèlement, se pose aussi le problème de la vaccination des poulettes, futures pondeuses. En effet, le syndrome de chute de ponte sévit à l'heure actuelle sur le territoire et le laboratoire doit, en premier lieu, effectuer un diagnostic différentiel avec la maladie de Newcastle et la bronchite infectieuse avant de proposer des recommandations précises. La technique Elisa doit être utilisée pour cela. (Résumé d'auteur