Dietary total antioxidant capacity: a novel indicator of diet quality in healthy young adults

Background: Overall diet quality measurements have been suggested as a useful tool to assess diet-disease relationships. Oxidative stress has been related to the development of obesity and other chronic diseases. Furthermore, antioxidant intake is being considered as protective against cell oxidative damage and related metabolic complications. Objective: To evaluate potential associations between the dietary total antioxidant capacity of foods (TAC), the energy density of the diet, and other relevant nutritional quality indexes in healthy young adults. Methods: Several anthropometric variables front 153 healthy participants (20.8 +/- 2.7 years) included in this study were measured. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire, which was also used to calculate the dietary TAG and for daily energy intake adjustment. Results: Positive significant associations were found between dietary TAG and Mediterranean energy density hypothesis oriented dietary scores (Mediterranean Diet Score, Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score, Modified Mediterranean Diet Score), non-Mediterranean hypothesis oriented dietary scores (Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index. Diet Quality Index-International, Diet Quality Index-Revised), and diversity of food intake indicators (Recommended Food Score, Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity in terms of total energy intake). The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index and Diet Quality Index scores (a Mediterranean and a non Mediterranean hypothesis oriented dietary score, respectively), whose lower values refer to a higher diet quality, decreased with higher values of dietary TAG. Energy density was also inversely associated with dietary TAG. Conclusion: These data suggest that dietary TAG, as a measure of antioxidant intake, may also be a potential marker of diet quality in healthy subjects, providing a novel approach to assess the role of antioxidant intake on health promotion and diet-based therapies

Roadmap for a sustainable circular economy in lithium-ion and future battery technologies

The market dynamics, and their impact on a future circular economy for lithium-ion batteries (LIB), are presented in this roadmap, with safety as an integral consideration throughout the life cycle. At the point of end-of-life (EOL), there is a range of potential options—remanufacturing, reuse and recycling. Diagnostics play a significant role in evaluating the state-of-health and condition of batteries, and improvements to diagnostic techniques are evaluated. At present, manual disassembly dominates EOL disposal, however, given the volumes of future batteries that are to be anticipated, automated approaches to the dismantling of EOL battery packs will be key. The first stage in recycling after the removal of the cells is the initial cell-breaking or opening step. Approaches to this are reviewed, contrasting shredding and cell disassembly as two alternative approaches. Design for recycling is one approach that could assist in easier disassembly of cells, and new approaches to cell design that could enable the circular economy of LIBs are reviewed. After disassembly, subsequent separation of the black mass is performed before further concentration of components. There are a plethora of alternative approaches for recovering materials; this roadmap sets out the future directions for a range of approaches including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, short-loop, direct, and the biological recovery of LIB materials. Furthermore, anode, lithium, electrolyte, binder and plastics recovery are considered in order to maximise the proportion of materials recovered, minimise waste and point the way towards zero-waste recycling. The life-cycle implications of a circular economy are discussed considering the overall system of LIB recycling, and also directly investigating the different recycling methods. The legal and regulatory perspectives are also considered. Finally, with a view to the future, approaches for next-generation battery chemistries and recycling are evaluated, identifying gaps for research. This review takes the form of a series of short reviews, with each section written independently by a diverse international authorship of experts on the topic. Collectively, these reviews form a comprehensive picture of the current state of the art in LIB recycling, and how these technologies are expected to develop in the future

Seguimiento ambiental del saneamiento integral de la bahía de Santander: alcance y primeros resultados

[ES] El presente trabajo describe la evolución de la calidad de las masas de agua de la bahía de Santander tras la entrada en funcionamiento del sistema de saneamiento integral de las aguas residuales urbanas, siguiendo las indicaciones de la Directiva (91/271/CEE). El análisis de las variaciones ocurridas en la calidad de las aguas se realizó con los datos obtenidos en tres campañas llevadas a cabo en el entorno de la Bahía; una antes del cese de los vertidos y dos tras el cese de los mismos. Se muestrearon 21 estaciones realizando medidas en continuo y puntuales a partir de muestras de agua recogidas en superficie y fondo, para el posterior análisis de las variables físicas, químicas y biológicas en el laboratorio. Dicho análisis mostró que a los 15 días del cese de los vertidos, las estaciones próximas a los efluentes de mayor caudal, las concentraciones de sólidos, fosfatos, amonio y aceites y grasas, disminuían en un 98-99%. Por otro lado, las masas de agua del interior de la Bahía mostraban una progresiva recuperación de la calidad, aunque menos drástica, debido al mayor tiempo de residencia de las aguas y a fallos en la conexión de los colectores en esta zona.Echavarri, B.; Juanes, J.; Puente, A.; García-Castrillo, G.; Morante, L. (2007). Seguimiento ambiental del saneamiento integral de la bahía de Santander: alcance y primeros resultados. Ingeniería del agua. 14(1):37-46. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2007.2901OJS374614

Seguimiento ambiental del saneamiento integral de la bahía de Santander: alcance y primeros resultados.

El presente trabajo describe la evolución de la calidad de las masas de agua de la bahía de Santander tras la entrada en funcionamiento del sistema de saneamiento integral de las aguas residuales urbanas, siguiendo las indicaciones de la Directiva (91/271/CEE). El análisis de las variaciones ocurridas en la calidad de las aguas se realizó con los datos obtenidos en tres campañas llevadas a cabo en el entorno de la Bahía; una antes del cese de los vertidos y dos tras el cese de los mismos. Se muestrearon 21 estaciones realizando medidas en continuo y puntuales a partir de muestras de agua recogidas en superficie y fondo, para el posterior análisis de las variables físicas, químicas y biológicas en el laboratorio. Dicho análisis mostró que a los 15 días del cese de los vertidos, las estaciones próximas a los efluentes de mayor caudal, las concentraciones de sólidos, fosfatos, amonio y aceites y grasas, disminuían en un 98-99%. Por otro lado, las masas de agua del interior de la Bahía mostraban una progresiva recuperación de la calidad, aunque menos drástica, debido al mayor tiempo de residencia de las aguas y a fallos en la conexión de los colectores en esta zona.Peer Reviewe