Impact of Chromosomal Rearrangements on the Interpretation of Lupin Karyotype Evolution

Plant genome evolution can be very complex and challenging to describe, even within a genus. Mechanisms that underlie genome variation are complex and can include whole-genome duplications, gene duplication and/or loss, and, importantly, multiple chromosomal rearrangements. Lupins (Lupinus) diverged from other legumes approximately 60 mya. In contrast to New World lupins, Old World lupins show high variability not only for chromosome numbers (2n = 32–52), but also for the basic chromosome number (x = 5–9, 13) and genome size. The evolutionary basis that underlies the karyotype evolution in lupins remains unknown, as it has so far been impossible to identify individual chromosomes. To shed light on chromosome changes and evolution, we used comparative chromosome mapping among 11 Old World lupins, with Lupinus angustifolius as the reference species. We applied set of L. angustifolius-derived bacterial artificial chromosome clones for fluorescence in situ hybridization. We demonstrate that chromosome variations in the species analyzed might have arisen from multiple changes in chromosome structure and number. We hypothesize about lupin karyotype evolution through polyploidy and subsequent aneuploidy. Additionally, we have established a cytogenomic map of L. angustifolius along with chromosome markers that can be used for related species to further improve comparative studies of crops and wild lupins

Superscaling in dilute Fermi gas and its relation to general properties of the nucleon momentum distribution in nuclei

The superscaling observed in inclusive electron scattering is described within the dilute Fermi gas model with interaction between the particles. The comparison with the relativistic Fermi gas (RFG) model without interaction shows an improvement in the explanation of the scaling function $f(\psi ')$ in the region $\psi ' < -1$, where the RFG result is $f(\psi ') = 0$. It is found that the behavior of $f(\psi ')$ for $\psi ' < -1$ depends on the particular form of the general power-law asymptotics of the momentum distribution $n(k)\sim 1/ k^{4+m}$ at large $k$. The best agreement with the empirical scaling function is found for $m\simeq 4.5$ in agreement with the asymptotics of $n(k)$ in the coherent density fluctuation model where $m = 4$. Thus, superscaling gives information about the asymptotics of $n(k)$ and the NN forces.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review

Event Generators for Bhabha Scattering

The results obtained by the "Event Generators for Bhabha Scattering" working group during the CERN Workshop "Physics at LEP2" (1994/1995) are presented.Comment: 70 pages, PostScript file. To appear in the Report of the Workshop on Physics at LEP2, G. Altarelli T. Sjostrand and F. Zwirner ed

Constraining the Hadronic Contributions to the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment

The mini-proceedings of the Workshop on "Constraining the hadronic contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment" which included the "13th meeting of the Radio MonteCarLow WG" and the "Satellite meeting R-Measurements at BES-III" held in Trento from April 10th to 12th, 2013, are presented. This collaboration meeting aims to bring together the experimental e+e- collider communities from BaBar, Belle, BESIII, CMD2, KLOE, and SND, with theorists working in the fields of meson transitions form factors, hadronic contributions to (g-2)_\mu and effective fine structure constant, and development of Monte Carlo generator and Radiative Corrections for precision e+e- and tau physics.Comment: 45 pages, 17 contributions. Editors: P. Masjuan and G. Venanzon

The influence of zinc-methionine bioplex supplementation to pregnant and lactating sheep on selected wool parameters

The most important nutrients affecting wool production include sulfur amino acids, such as methionine, and minerals, such as zinc, and their deficiency may cause wool production decrease. The aim of this study was to evaluate an effect of zinc and methionine chelate addition on the qualitative characteristics of Merino ewes wool and zinc content in wool fibers and on their surface. Histological evaluation of fibers was also performed. The study included 22 Polish Merino ewes divided into two groups: control and experimental (0.4&thinsp;g chelates daily per head). The experiment lasted for 4 months (3.5 months of pregnancy and 2 weeks of early lactation). The length, thickness and breaking force of wool fibers were higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Higher content of zinc in wool of sheep from the experimental group was also demonstrated. The histological structure of fibers from both groups did not differ, as the content of zinc on their surface. It can be concluded on the basis of the obtained results that the addition of chelates favorably influenced the thickness compensation of wool fibers and amount of wool obtained from sheep during pregnancy and early lactation, as well as mechanical features of wool.</p

First Order Static Excitation Potential: Scheme for Excitation Energies and Transition Moments

We present an approximation scheme for the calculation of the principal excitation energies and transition moments of finite many-body systems. The scheme is derived from a first order approximation to the self energy of a recently proposed extended particle-hole Green's function. A hermitian eigenvalue problem is encountered of the same size as the well-known Random Phase Approximation (RPA). We find that it yields a size consistent description of the excitation properties and removes an inconsistent treatment of the ground state correlation by the RPA. By presenting a hermitian eigenvalue problem the new scheme avoids the instabilities of the RPA and should be well suited for large scale numerical calculations. These and additional properties of the new approximation scheme are illuminated by a very simple exactly solvable model.Comment: 15 pages revtex, 1 eps figure included, corrections in Eq. (A1) and Sec. II

The present theoretical error on the Bhabha scattering cross section in the luminometry region at LEP

The results concerning the theoretical evaluation of the small-angle Bhabha Scattering cross section obtained during the Workshop on Physics at LEP2 (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995) by the Working Group ``Event Generators for Bhabha Scattering'' are summarized. The estimate of the theoretical error on the cross section in the luminometry region is updated

Scaling violations: Connections between elastic and inelastic hadron scattering in a geometrical approach

Starting from a short range expansion of the inelastic overlap function, capable of describing quite well the elastic pp and $\bar{p}p$ scattering data, we obtain extensions to the inelastic channel, through unitarity and an impact parameter approach. Based on geometrical arguments we infer some characteristics of the elementary hadronic process and this allows an excellent description of the inclusive multiplicity distributions in $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ collisions. With this approach we quantitatively correlate the violations of both geometrical and KNO scaling in an analytical way. The physical picture from both channels is that the geometrical evolution of the hadronic constituents is principally reponsible for the energy dependence of the physical quantities rather than the dynamical (elementary) interaction itself.Comment: 16 pages, aps-revtex, 11 figure

Determination of Matter Surface Distribution of Neutron-rich Nuclei

We demonstrate that the matter density distribution in the surface region is determined well by the use of the relatively low-intensity beams that become available at the upcoming radioactive beam facilities. Following the method used in the analyses of electron scattering, we examine how well the density distribution is determined in a model-independent way by generating pseudo data and by carefully applying statistical and systematic error analyses. We also study how the determination becomes deteriorated in the central region of the density, as the quality of data decreases. Determination of the density distributions of neutron-rich nuclei is performed by fixing parameters in the basis functions to the neighboring stable nuclei. The procedure allows that the knowledge of the density distributions of stable nuclei assists to strengthen the determination of their unstable isotopes.Comment: 41 pages, latex, 27 figure

Winter Bird Assemblages in Rural and Urban Environments: A National Survey

Urban development has a marked effect on the ecological and behavioural traits of many living organisms, including birds. In this paper, we analysed differences in the numbers of wintering birds between rural and urban areas in Poland. We also analysed species richness and abundance in relation to longitude, latitude, human population size, and landscape structure. All these parameters were analysed using modern statistical techniques incorporating species detectability. We counted birds in 156 squares (0.25 km2 each) in December 2012 and again in January 2013 in locations in and around 26 urban areas across Poland (in each urban area we surveyed 3 squares and 3 squares in nearby rural areas). The influence of twelve potential environmental variables on species abundance and richness was assessed with Generalized Linear Mixed Models, Principal Components and Detrended Correspondence Analyses. Totals of 72 bird species and 89,710 individual birds were recorded in this study. On average (±SE) 13.3 ± 0.3 species and 288 ± 14 individuals were recorded in each square in each survey. A formal comparison of rural and urban areas revealed that 27 species had a significant preference; 17 to rural areas and 10 to urban areas. Moreover, overall abundance in urban areas was more than double that of rural areas. There was almost a complete separation of rural and urban bird communities. Significantly more birds and more bird species were recorded in January compared to December. We conclude that differences between rural and urban areas in terms of winter conditions and the availability of resources are reflected in different bird communities in the two environments