The Brazilian Economy Position on the Investment Development Path

The hypothesis that inward and outward FDI positions of a country are related to the level and structure of economic development in relation to other economies, was first showed by Dunning (1979. The IDP suggests that countries tend to pass through five main development stages and that these phases can be classified according to the propensity of countries to host and/or invest abroad. This article attempts to measure the position of Brazil in the IDP. The investment by Brazilian firms abroad, in relation to emerging countries, was the first until 90s. However, Brazil's outward FDI increased substantially from 2000. In 2006 the Outward FDI exceeded inward FDI for the first time in the history of the country. Nowadays, the Brazilian economy seems to be in phase 2 and give signs of entry to stage 3, and some signs of evolution to phases 4 and 5. This paper intends to measure the Brazilian economy position on IDP especially between emerging countries context and the importance of a new stage of Brazilian economy: the systematic internationalization of domestic firms. This paper has the following structure: an evolution of FDI in recent years; after that we explain the phases of Investment Developmet Path Theory and measure de Brazilian economy position on IDP. Finally, the final considerations are related

Paracoccidioidomicose genital feminina. Descrição de um caso clínico

A paracoccidioidomicose é doença sistêmica que atinge mais o sexo masculino do que o feminino. Modelos experimentais mostram maior sensibilidade dos machos do que as fêmeas à dsseminação da doença. A literatura médica é rica em relatos de casos de Pbmicose do trato genital masculino. A raridade da Pbmicose sistêmica na mulher devido à ação hormonal tornou inusitada a descrição de um caso com envolvimneto genital. Paciente de 57 anos, branca, procedente de Conchas (SP), queixando-se de dor abdominal há 10 anos, difusa, seguida de eólica periumbelical periódica, com diarréia e obstipação alternadas. Piorou desse quadro e evoluiu para abdome agudo cirúrgico. O anátomo patológico revelou Pbmicose no epiplon e ovário direito. A biópsia do endométrio mostrou endometrite crônica granulomatosa. A radiologia e a planigrafia revelaram nódulo parahilar direito. Os achados clínicos e laboratoriais permitiram explicar a provável origem do envolvimento genital

The effects of different doses of caffeine on performance, rating of perceived exertion and pain perception in teenagers female karate athletes

ABSTRACT The present study set to examine the effects of different doses of caffeine on performance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and pain perception in female teenager athletes of karate. Ten female karate athletes (16.8±1.23 years; height 1.59±0.28 m; body-mass 57.73±8.33 kg; BMI 22.71±3.05 kg/m2) participated in the study. A double-blind, randomized, and crossover counterbalanced design was used. In three sessions (with an interval of seven days'), ten female karate athletes ingested low dose (2 mg/kg), moderate dose (5 mg/kg) caffeine, and placebo. Sixty minutes after consumption, they performed the tests as below: one repetition maximum and 60% of one repetition maximum in the leg press, explosive power test, and anaerobic RAST test. After the tests, the participants' RPE (6-20 scale) and pain perception (0-10 scale) were recorded using various categorical scales. The results showed that caffeine ingestion at moderate dose significantly reduced RPE and pain perception values compared with the placebo during muscular endurance test (P=0.0001 and P=0.039, respectively). The findings suggest that caffeine dose of 5 mg/kg body mass appears to improve RPE and pain perception in female teenager athletes of karate. The dose of 2 mg/kg body mass does not confer any additional improvement in performance

The Brazilian Economy Position on the Investment Development Path

The hypothesis that inward and outward FDI positions of a country are related to the level and structure of economic development in relation to other economies, was first showed by Dunning (1979. The IDP suggests that countries tend to pass through five main development stages and that these phases can be classified according to the propensity of countries to host and/or invest abroad. This article attempts to measure the position of Brazil in the IDP. The investment by Brazilian firms abroad, in relation to emerging countries, was the first until 90s. However, Brazil's outward FDI increased substantially from 2000. In 2006 the Outward FDI exceeded inward FDI for the first time in the history of the country. Nowadays, the Brazilian economy seems to be in phase 2 and give signs of entry to stage 3, and some signs of evolution to phases 4 and 5. This paper intends to measure the Brazilian economy position on IDP especially between emerging countries context and the importance of a new stage of Brazilian economy: the systematic internationalization of domestic firms. This paper has the following structure: an evolution of FDI in recent years; after that we explain the phases of Investment Developmet Path Theory and measure de Brazilian economy position on IDP. Finally, the final considerations are related

The Brazilian Economy Position on the Investment Development Path

The hypothesis that inward and outward FDI positions of a country are related to the level and structure of economic development in relation to other economies, was first showed by Dunning (1979. The IDP suggests that countries tend to pass through five main development stages and that these phases can be classified according to the propensity of countries to host and/or invest abroad. This article attempts to measure the position of Brazil in the IDP. The investment by Brazilian firms abroad, in relation to emerging countries, was the first until 90s. However, Brazil's outward FDI increased substantially from 2000. In 2006 the Outward FDI exceeded inward FDI for the first time in the history of the country. Nowadays, the Brazilian economy seems to be in phase 2 and give signs of entry to stage 3, and some signs of evolution to phases 4 and 5. This paper intends to measure the Brazilian economy position on IDP especially between emerging countries context and the importance of a new stage of Brazilian economy: the systematic internationalization of domestic firms. This paper has the following structure: an evolution of FDI in recent years; after that we explain the phases of Investment Developmet Path Theory and measure de Brazilian economy position on IDP. Finally, the final considerations are related

New dimensions of Brazilian economy internationalization: Portugal as a strategic location for Embraer’s investments and their impact on the regional economy

The success of the Real Plan enabled an increasing number of Brazilian companies to invest abroad, particularly in the 2000s. EMBRAER, the world’s third largest aircraft constructor, is one good example of this trend. This paper analyzes the motivations of EMBRAER/OGMA, and its investments in Portugal, the second in importance outside Brazil, including an interview with the local company board in 2011. First, we address the current stage of development in the aircraft industry. Second, we present FDI theories. Third, we describe the EMBRAER’s global expansion. Fourth, we focus on its motivations for investing in Portugal. Finally we draw some remarks stressing the impact of these investments on the economy through, for example, the creation of clusters.As novas dimensões da internacionalização da economia brasileira: Portugal como uma localização estratégica para os investimentos da EMBRAER S/A e seu impacto na economia regional” - O Plano Real permitiu o aumento do número das empresas brasileiras que investem no exterior, especialmente a partir do ano 2000. A EMBRAER, uma das três maiores construtoras de aeronaves do mundo, é um exemplo disso. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as motivações para investir da Embraer/OGMA em Portugal, a segunda localização em importância fora do Brasil, através de uma entrevista com a diretoria local da empresa em 2011. Primeiro, abordar-se-á a situação atual da indústria aeronáutica. Em segundo lugar, o enquadramento teórico sobre o IDE. Em terceiro lugar, descrever-se-á a expansão global da EMBRAER. Logo após, concentraremos a nossa atenção nas motivações da EMBRAER para investir em Portugal. A concluir, refletir-se-á sobre o impacto desses investimentos na economia através, por exemplo, da formação de clusterinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

As Novas Dimensões da Internacionalização da Economia Brasileira: Portugal Como uma Localização Estratégica para os Investimentos da Embraer S/A e seu Impacto na Economia Regional

O Plano Real permitiu o aumento do número das empresas brasileiras que investem no exterior, especialmente a partir do ano 2000. A EMBRAER, uma das três maiores construtoras de aeronaves do mundo, é um exemplo disso. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as motivações para investir da Embraer/OGMA em Portugal, a segunda localização em importância fora do Brasil, através de uma entrevista com a diretoria local da empresa em 2011. Primeiro, abordar-se-á a situação atual da indústria aeronáutica. Em segundo lugar, o enquadramento teórico sobre o IDE. Em terceiro lugar, descrever-se-á a expansão global da EMBRAER. Logo após, concentraremos a nossa atenção nas motivações da EMBRAER para investir em Portugal. A concluir, refletir-se-á sobre o impacto desses investimentos na economia através, por exemplo, da formação de clusters.</jats:p

World centralities for political, demographic and market purposes

The aim of this paper is to analyse the political, demographic and market centralities of the world through distance-type models. The concept of world central ities to be used is based on the theory of central places. The explanatory variables of the political model are the physical distances between countries. The explanatory variables of the demographic model are the physical distances between countries and the population. The explanatory variables of the market model are the physical distances between countries, their incomes, and an indicator of closeness. The empirical findings have been quite expressive in each case. Interestingly, the world political centre is located between Rome and Athens, the world demographic centre is in the Middle East (mainly its eastern part), and the world market centre is still in the USA, although big emergent countries seem to be closing the gap. The paper shows the potential of the analytical instruments of spatial theory when applied to the world level.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio