288 research outputs found

    Socio-economic status and the duration of pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms in women treated at the Mazovian Treatment Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases in Otwock

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    Wstęp: Chorobowość na gruźlicę zależy od czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych, takich jak migracje ludności, bezdomność, niedożywienie, bezrobocie, złe warunki bytowe, starzenie się społeczeństw. Celem pracy była ocena występowania gruźlicy u kobiet leczonych w Mazowieckim Centrum Leczenia Chorób Płuc i Gruźlicy w Otwocku (MCLChPiG) z określeniem statusu demograficznego, zawodowego i społecznego oraz z oceną czasu trwania choroby i rozległości zmian radiologicznych.Materiał i metody: Praca miała charakter retrospektywny. Oceniono dokumentację medyczną 100 kobiet w wieku 20–92 lat, hospitalizowanych w MCLChPiG w latach 2005–2006 z powodu potwierdzonej bakteriologicznie gruźlicy płuc.Wyniki: Większość kobiet chorych na gruźlicę mieszkała w miastach (65%), podczas gdy ze wsi pochodziło 32%, a 3% stanowiły osoby bezdomne. Wśród badanych kobiet 1/3 nie przekroczyła 40. rż., a 1/3 ukończyła 60. rż. Tylko 29% chorych kobiet było czynnych zawodowo, a 25% stanowiły kobiety bezrobotne. W badanej grupie 60% kobiet było niezamężnych. Opiekę nad dziećmi sprawowało jedynie 35% chorych na gruźlicę kobiet, a 7% porzuciło swoje dzieci. Czas trwania objawów klinicznych do chwili rozpoznania choroby wahał się od zera, gdy zmiany radiologiczne wykryto przypadkowo u osób bezobjawowych, aż do dwóch lat. U ponad 1/3 chorych kobiet objawy gruźlicy trwały ponad pół roku. Niewielkie zmiany radiologiczne obejmujące 1–2 pola płucne obserwowano u 40% chorych, natomiast u 26% stwierdzono rozległe zmiany obejmujące 5–6 pól płucnych.Wnioski: Większość prątkujących kobiet na Mazowszu to osoby samotne, niepracujące zawodowo mieszkanki dużych miast, które ukończyły 40. rż. Objawy kliniczne występowały u 30% z nich ponad pół roku przed ustaleniem rozpoznania, a u 40% zmiany radiologiczne były bardzo rozległe obejmujące 4–6 pól płucnych.Introduction: The prevalence of tuberculosis depends on various factors such as migration, homelessness, malnutrition, unemployment, bad life conditions and the aging of a society. The aim of this study was to evaluate tuberculosis in females treated at the Mazovian Treatment Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (Mazowieckie Centrum Leczenia Chorób Płuc i Gruźlicy) in Otwock, regarding the context of demographic, social and professional status of female patients. The duration of the illness and the extent of radiographic changes were also taken into consideration.Material and methods: The study was carried out retrospectively. The medical documentation that was evaluated concerned 100 women, aged between 20 and 92, hospitalized at the Mazovian Treatment Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases in Otwock in the years 2005 and 2006 due to bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis.Results: Most women with tuberculosis lived in cities (65%), 32% of the evaluated patients lived in villages and 3% were homeless. 1/3 of females were under 40 years of age, and 1/3 were over 60 years of age. Only 29% of the women were professionally active and 25% were unemployed. 60% of women were not married. 35% of women with tuberculosis were bringing up children and 7% had abandoned their offspring. More than 1/3 of women had had tuberculosis symptoms for more than half a year before tuberculosis was diagnosed. 40% of women with tuberculosis had small radiological changes (1 to 2 lung fields); however, 26% of them had extensive changes covering 4 to 6 lung fields.Conclusions: The majority of women with tuberculosis in the Mazovian district are single, over 40 years old, unemployed inhabitants of cities. 30% of women in the study group had had symptoms for more than 6 months before tuberculosis was diagnosed. 40% of women with tuberculosis had very extensive radiological changes covering 4 to 6 lung fields

    Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Occupational Stress and Anxiety of Nurses Caring for Patients With COVID-19 in Tehran

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    Background: This research aims to evaluate the impact of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the occupational stress and the anxiety of nurses. Methods: This was an experimental study with pre-test post-test design with a control group. We included all nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in governmental hospitals in Tehran during six months of 2020. Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Steinmetz Occupational Stress Questionnaire were used for data collection. Results: Box’s test (P=0.225) showed that the covariance-variance matrices were homogeneous. Levine’s test also indicated that the assumption of variance equality was observed. The amounts of ETA square root showed that 66.3% of the anxiety variance and 51.3% of the occupational stress variance could be predicted in the posttest through ACT. Conclusion: The rate of occupational stress and anxiety of the test group significantly decreased compared with the control group after the intervention. Therefore, ACT could decrease the occupational stress and anxiety of nurses and the therapists could use this approach for improving the mental health of nurses

    Socio-economic status and duration of TB symptoms in males treated at the Mazovian Treatment Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases in Otwock

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    Introduction: The incidence of tuberculosis depends on many factors, not only on health issues but also on socioeconomic factors. The aim of this study was to assess the duration of symptoms and the extent of radiological changes in men with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in relation to their socioeconomic status. Material and methods: This was a retrospective study based on the analysis of 300 hospital records of patients hospitalised in 2004–2006 in the male ward of the Mazovian Treatment Centre of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis in Otwock. In all patients, the diagnosis of tuberculosis was bacteriologically confirmed. We evaluated the duration of symptoms prior to hospitalisation, the extent of radiological changes and socioeconomic status. We also took into account the place of residence, professional activity, age and marital status. Results: Among patients with TB hospitalised in the Mazovia Region, 74% were professionally inactive persons and 57% were unemployed. Patients population in cities and villages were similar, but as much as 10% of the patients hospitalised who were actively spreading bacilli in Mazovia Region were homeless. In the study group, 60% of the men were unmarried. In 63% of the patients symptoms of tuberculosis were present for more than two months. Chronic symptoms were reported more often in the unemployed (60%) and in single patients. As much as 81% of the patients at the initiation of treatment, had extensive radiological changes in 3 or more lung fields. Quite often sweeping pulmonary changes were observed in the homeless, unemployed and pensioners. Sputum smear-positive tuberculosis, was demonstrated in 87% of the examined patients. Conclusions: The incidence of tuberculosis observed in the Mazovia Region was especially observed in the unemployed, disabled and pensioners. Among these patients, many were homeless. The majority of patients in Mazovia Region at the start of treatment already had very extensive radiological changes and the symptoms were present with them for several weeks.Wstęp: Zapadalność na gruźlicę zależy od wielu czynników, nie tylko zdrowotnych, lecz również społeczno-ekonomicznych. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena czasu trwania objawów choroby oraz rozległości zmian radiologicznych u mężczyzn chorych na potwierdzoną bakteriologicznie gruźlicę płuc, w powiązaniu z ich statusem społeczno-ekonomicznym. Materiał i metody: Praca miała charakter retrospektywny i była oparta na analizie dokumentacji 300 chorych hospitalizowanych w latach 2004–2006 na oddziale męskim Mazowieckiego Centrum Leczenia Chorób Płuc i Gruźlicy w Otwocku. U wszystkich badanych rozpoznanie gruźlicy potwierdzono bakteriologicznie. Oceniano czas trwania objawów przed hospitalizacją, rozległość zmian radiologicznych oraz status społeczno-ekonomiczny z uwzględnieniem miejsca zamieszkania, aktywności zawodowej, wieku i stanu cywilnego. Wyniki: Spośród prątkujących chorych hospitalizowanych na Mazowszu 74% stanowiły osoby nieaktywne zawodowo, w tym aż 57% było bezrobotnych. Liczba mieszkańców miast i wsi była zbliżona, ale aż 10% prątkujących chorych hospitalizowanych na Mazowszu to osoby bezdomne. W badanej grupie 60% mężczyzn było nieżonatych. U 63% prątkujących chorych objawy gruźlicy występowały dłużej niż 2 miesiące. Częściej zgłaszały je osoby bezrobotne (60%) i stanu wolnego (61%). Aż u 81% chorych w chwili rozpoczęcia leczenia stwierdzono rozległe zmiany radiologiczne obejmujące 3 i więcej pól płucnych. Szczególnie często obserwowano je u bezdomnych, bezrobotnych oraz u emerytów i rencistów. U 87% badanych stwierdzono prątki gruźlicy w preparacie bezpośrednim. Wnioski: Gruźlica na Mazowszu występuje szczególnie często u osób bezrobotnych oraz u emerytów i rencistów. Wśród badanych chorych stosunkowo dużo było osób bezdomnych. Zdecydowana większość prątkujących chorych na Mazowszu w chwili rozpoczęcia leczenia ma już bardzo rozległe zmiany radiologiczne, a objawy występują u nich od wielu tygodni

    Is the Artificial Intelligent? A Perspective on AI-based Natural Language Processors

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    The issue of the relation between AI and human mind has been riddling the scientific world since ages. Being the mother lode of research, AI can be scrutinised from a plethora of perspectives. One of them is a linguistic perspective, which encompasses AI’s capability to understand language. Having been an innate and exclusive faculty of human mind, language is now manifested in a countless number of ways, transcending beyond the human-only production. There are applications that can not only understand what is meant by an utterance, but also engage in a quasi-humane discourse. The manner of their operating is perfectly organised and can be accounted for by incorporating linguistic theories. The main theory used in this article is Fluid Construction Grammar, which has been developed by Luc Steels. It is concerned with parsing and segmentation of any utterance – two processes that are pivotal in AI’s understanding and production of language. This theory, in addition with five main facets of languages (phonological, morphological, semantic, syntactic and pragmatic) provides a valuable insight into the discrepancies between natural and artificial perception of language. Though there are similarities between them, the article shall conclude with what makes two adjacent capabilities different. The aim of this paper is to display the mechanisms of AI natural language processors with the aid of contemporary linguistic theories, and present possible issues which may ensue from using artificial language-recognising systems

    Loneliness, friendship, and facebook intrusion. A study in Poland, Slovakia, Syria, Malaysia, and Ecuador

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    With the increasing popularity of Facebook, a new social phenomenon connected with its extensive use has appeared: namely, Facebook intrusion. The main aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of loneliness in the relation between friendships and Facebook intrusion. We analyzed data from five countries: Poland (N = 399), Slovakia (N = 266), Syria (N = 475), Ecuador (N = 327), and Malaysia (N = 241). The total sample consisted of 1731 participants who had Facebook accounts; 61% of the participants were women. We administered the Facebook Intrusion Scale, the Loneliness Scale, and the Friendship Scale. The results indicated differences in the role of loneliness and friendship in Facebook intrusion, depending on the country. Among young Polish people, friendship decreases loneliness and loneliness decreases Facebook intrusion. Whereas among Ecuadorians friendship decreases loneliness, while loneliness increases Facebook intrusion

    The Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation in Relationship Between Narcissism and Cyberbullying

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    Along with the growing role of new technological solutions, we are becoming more and more exposed to the negative consequences of electronic forms of contact. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between cyberbullying, both from the perpetrators’ and victims’ perspectives, and emotion regulation strategies and narcissism. It was hypothesized that cyberbullying correlates positively with emotion suppression and narcissistic rivalry and negatively with cognitive reappraisal and narcissistic admiration. Within cybervictimization, a positive relationship was predicted with emotion suppression and narcissistic rivalry, and a negative relationship with narcissistic admiration. Additionally, a model assuming moderation of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between cyberbullying perpetration and narcissistic rivalry was analyzed. Students aged 19–26 years (N = 208, 49.5% female) participated in the study and completed the following online questionnaires: the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire, and the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire. The results indicated that cybervictimization was positively related to emotion suppression, and that narcissistic rivalry was positively related to cyberbullying and cybervictimization. The tested model of moderation was not validated for both emotion regulation strategies. The results of the research have practical implications and confirm the need for further research in this field

    Altered Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptors Expression in Human Endometrial Cancer

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    Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to a family of nuclear hormone receptors acting as transcriptional factors, recently involved also in carcinogenesis. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the presence and subcellular localization of different PPAR isoforms (α, β, γ) in healthy endometrial tissue (n = 10) and endometrial carcinoma (FIGO I, endometrioides type, G1, n = 35). We sought to analyze PPARs mRNA content as well as protein immunohistochemical expression that was further quantified by Western Blot technique. For both PPARα and PPARβ, protein expression was significantly higher in endometrial cancers compared to normal endometrial mucosa. In opposite, PPARγ protein expression was lower in endometrial cancer cells. In each case, immunohistochemical reaction was confined to the perinuclear and/or nuclear region. At the transcriptional level, the content of mRNA of all PPAR subunits did not follow the protein pattern of changes. These results provide evidence for altered PPAR's protein expression and disregulation of posttranslational processes in endometrial cancers

    Critical Life Events and Their Impact on Seniors’ Biographies

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    The article presents the preliminary results of a wider intergenerational study on critical life events. A background analysis of theoretical works on critical life events has led to the selection of criteria (such as the unexpectedness of an event, unpredictability of its effects, its equivocation, type and the nature of life changes it causes) that were used to review the collected narratives of the respondents. The authors attempt to reconstruct critical life events that are the most typical and significant in the biographies of seniors. The seniors’ temporal perspective (decline of life, time of summaries) encourages a more reflective narration that unveils the rich exemplification of potential effective and ineffective life strategies, the subjective quality of life, and the basis of life wisdom.Artykuł przedstawia wyniki stanowiące część szerszych badań międzypokoleniowych na temat ważnych, znaczących wydarzeń biograficznych. Narracje osób badanych zostały poddane analizie przez pryzmat wyłonionych w literaturze kryteriów odnoszących się do tzw. krytycznych wydarzeń życiowych (m.in. nagłość zdarzenia i nieprzewidywalności jego skutków, potencjalna dwuwartościowość, rodzaj i charakter zmian życiowych, jakie są efektem zmagania z tym zdarzeniem). Autorki podejmują próbę zrekonstruowania najbardziej typowych krytycznych wydarzeń życiowych i ich znaczenia w biografiach seniorów. Perspektywa temporalna (schyłek życia, czas podsumowań) służy refleksyjnej narracji i czyni ją tym samym wartościową dla egzemplifikacji możliwych (potencjalnych) skutecznych i nieskutecznych strategii życiowych, poczucia jakości życia oraz podstawę budowania mądrości życiowej
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