A comparative study of the problem of the admissibility of improperly obtained evidence

This thesis provides a comparative analysis of the rules governing the admissibility of improperly obtained evidence in Turkish and English law. The main objective is to consider how the issue in question can most appropriately be solved under the different legal circumstances of both countries and how the positive law of each country may benefit from each other on this particular problem. The first chapter, which is the introduction, deals with a brief account of the object, the reasons, the goal and the method of the study. In order to place the issue in the context of the entire criminal justice systems, general comparison of Turkish and English law is subjected to examination in the second chapter. In Chapter Three, attention is turned to the theoretical issues associated with the problem of admissibility of improperly obtained evidence. Obviously, if the nature and justification of possible solutions to the issue is understood correctly, the treatment of improperly obtained evidence may be better evaluated. It is argued that the most appropriate solution is to adopt a flexible approach, which requires a certain amount of discretion to be given to the judiciary, rather than a rigid one. The legitimacy of the verdict principle is argued to be the most appropriate principle to guide the exercise of the discretion. In Chapter Four, attention is drawn to the fact that, with regard to the admissibility of improperly obtained evidence, Turkey and England have shared similar legislative activities in recent years: the 1992 Amendment to the Code of Criminal Procedure for Turkey and the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 for England. Both legislations include two operative provisions; one is a general provision for any evidence and one a specific provision for confessions. As far as the general provisions are concerned, evidence may be excluded in England if it has an adverse effect upon the fairness of the proceedings whereas in Turkey, where evidence is secured "hukuka aykiri olarak" (unlawfully), it required to be suppressed. The amount of evidence excluded under these provisions may or may not be similar depending on how the Turkish and English judges interpret the key words. Although the exact determination of what circumstances must exist before the fairness of the proceedings is adversely affected or before the lawfulness of a procedure is breached will undoubtedly require decades of jurisprudence, it is submitted that they may be interpreted quite similarly. In Chapter Six, it is argued there is a clear consensus between Turkish and English laws as to the fact that involuntariness is the decisive criterion for the admissibility of improperly obtained confessions. In the Next Chapter, the possibility of whether the same amount of evidence will be excluded by the operation of "unlawfulness" and "unfairness" concepts has been tested in the context of evidence obtained in breach of safeguards designed to protect the suspect. In the final chapter, it is concluded that there are, to a great extent, similarities in the ways the two countries deal with the issue, despite the fact that they do not share the same legal tradition. This finding contributes to deepen the belief in the existence of a unitary sense of criminal justice

Investigation of the views of teachers toward the use of smart boards in the teaching and learning process

This study was carried out to determine the teachers' views on the usability of the smart board in the classroom and their needs to adapt it in the teaching process. Case study method was adopted in the study. The study was conducted on 10 different middle school branch teachers who were working at public schools in a northern province of Turkey. As data collection tool, a semi-structured interview form which is used commonly in qualitative research methods was established. The data obtained were evaluated within the context of content and descriptive analysis techniques. The results revealed that although teachers expressed a positive opinion on smart board practices, they stated that they were insufficient in the use of smart boards and that they needed more practice-oriented in-service courses. Depending on the results, some suggestions have been made about smart board applications and seminars to be given to teachers

A comparative study of the problem of the admissibility of improperly obtained evidence

This thesis provides a comparative analysis of the rules governing the admissibility of improperly obtained evidence in Turkish and English law. The main objective is to consider how the issue in question can most appropriately be solved under the different legal circumstances of both countries and how the positive law of each country may benefit from each other on this particular problem. The first chapter, which is the introduction, deals with a brief account of the object, the reasons, the goal and the method of the study. In order to place the issue in the context of the entire criminal justice systems, general comparison of Turkish and English law is subjected to examination in the second chapter. In Chapter Three, attention is turned to the theoretical issues associated with the problem of admissibility of improperly obtained evidence. Obviously, if the nature and justification of possible solutions to the issue is understood correctly, the treatment of improperly obtained evidence may be better evaluated. It is argued that the most appropriate solution is to adopt a flexible approach, which requires a certain amount of discretion to be given to the judiciary, rather than a rigid one. The legitimacy of the verdict principle is argued to be the most appropriate principle to guide the exercise of the discretion. In Chapter Four, attention is drawn to the fact that, with regard to the admissibility of improperly obtained evidence, Turkey and England have shared similar legislative activities in recent years: the 1992 Amendment to the Code of Criminal Procedure for Turkey and the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 for England. Both legislations include two operative provisions; one is a general provision for any evidence and one a specific provision for confessions. As far as the general provisions are concerned, evidence may be excluded in England if it has an adverse effect upon the fairness of the proceedings whereas in Turkey, where evidence is secured "hukuka aykiri olarak" (unlawfully), it required to be suppressed. The amount of evidence excluded under these provisions may or may not be similar depending on how the Turkish and English judges interpret the key words. Although the exact determination of what circumstances must exist before the fairness of the proceedings is adversely affected or before the lawfulness of a procedure is breached will undoubtedly require decades of jurisprudence, it is submitted that they may be interpreted quite similarly. In Chapter Six, it is argued there is a clear consensus between Turkish and English laws as to the fact that involuntariness is the decisive criterion for the admissibility of improperly obtained confessions. In the Next Chapter, the possibility of whether the same amount of evidence will be excluded by the operation of "unlawfulness" and "unfairness" concepts has been tested in the context of evidence obtained in breach of safeguards designed to protect the suspect. In the final chapter, it is concluded that there are, to a great extent, similarities in the ways the two countries deal with the issue, despite the fact that they do not share the same legal tradition. This finding contributes to deepen the belief in the existence of a unitary sense of criminal justice

Interaction of GHK Tripeptide with Receptors Targeted in Some Cancer Studies: A Theoretical Approach with Molecular Docking

Cancer, defined as the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells, is a serious disease seen in many people around the world. For this reason, a lot of work has been done and continues to be done by scientists for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It is known that various receptors are targeted in studies on cancers. In this study, ER, PR, EGFR and HER2 receptors, which are among the most frequently used target receptors, were selected. GHK is a tripeptide that has important benefits such as increasing cancer resistance and reversing cancer cells. In this study, the complex structures formed by the most commonly used target receptors (ER, PR, EGFR and HER2) and the GHK tripeptide were examined. These complex structures were obtained by molecular docking method that is a molecular modeling method used to predict how a receptor interacts with small molecules. As a result of the study, binding affinities, close interactions, and interaction types of GHK and receptors were determined, and interaction profiles with various drugs (such as tamoxifen, erlotinib and neratinib) in the literature were examined comparatively. In the light of the findings obtained in the studies, it was determined that the GHK tripeptide gave similar interaction profiles with the drugs used in cancer treatment

Plasmacytoma: A Rare Case of Bone Malignancy

Solitary Plasmacytoma is a rare disease characterized by a localized proliferation of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cell, without evidence of systemic disease. It can be subdivided into solitary bone plasmacytoma if the lesion originates in bone, or solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma if the lesion involves a soft tissue. A 25-year-old male patient is admitted to our clinic with hip pain. In the biopsy performed from the left iliac bone, atypical cells with rounded nuclei, granular chromatin and eccentrically located, extensive cytoplasm, and plasma cell morphology were observed. Because of CD38 positivity and plasma cell morphology, kappa lambda examination performed by CISH showed kappa positive lambda negative. Plasmocytomas are easily recognizable on tissue sections if the plasma cells are not poorly differentiated (plasmoblastic or anaplastic). In poorly differentiated lesions, immunohistochemical staining or in situ hybridization studies of kappa and lambda light chains can be performed

Öğretmen adaylarının öfke düzeyi ve öfke tarzları

The aim of this study was to determine the anger and anger styles and the related variables of the anger on the teacher candidates. The participants of the study consist of 713 students of which 377 of them were first grade and 336 were fourth grade students. The range of participants was 17-27, with mean of 20.72 (Ss: 2.11). Data were collected with Trait Anger and Anger Styles Scale and Personal Information Form. According to findings, the anger and anger styles of the candidates were showed meaningful differences for major, gender and living place. However, there were no significant differences for the grade level, age and the income.Çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının bölüm, cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf, yerleşim birimi ve gelir düzeyi değişkenlerine göre öfke düzeylerini ve öfke tarzlarını incelemektir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, Eğitim Fakültesi’nin farklı bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 377 1. Sınıf, 336 4. Sınıf olmak üzere toplam 713 öğretmen adayından oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş aralığı 17-27, yaş ortalaması ise 20,72 (Ss:2,11)’dır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında Sürekli Öfke-Öfke Tarz Ölçeği (SÖÖTÖ) ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, bölüm ve cinsiyet değişkenleri açısından öfke düzeyi ve öfke tarzlarında anlamlı farklar olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sınıf, yaş, yaşamını geçirdiği yerleşim birimi ve gelir düzeyine göre ise anlamlı farklara rastlanmamıştır

Characterization of FcγRIa (CD64) as a ligand molecule for site-specific IgG1 capture: A side-by-side comparison with protein a

Fc γreceptors (FcγRs) are one of the structures that can initiate effector function for monoclonal antibodies. FcγRIa has the highest affinity toward IgG1-type monoclonal antibodies among all FcγRs. In this study, a comprehensive characterization was performed for FcγRIa as a potential affinity ligand for IgG1-type monoclonal antibody binding. The binding interactions were assessed with the SPR technique using different immobilization techniques such as EDC-NHS coupling, streptavidin-biotin interaction, and His-tagged FcγRIa capture. The His-tagged FcγRIa capture was the most convenient method based on assay repeatability. Next, a crude IgG1 sample and its fractions with different monomer contents obtained from protein A affinity chromatography were used to evaluate FcγRIa protein in terms of monoclonal antibody binding capacity. The samples were also compared with a protein A-immobilized chip (a frequently used affinity ligand) for IgG1 binding responses. The antibody binding capacity of the protein A-immobilized chip surface was significantly better than that of the FcγRIa-immobilized chip surface due to its 5 Ig binding domains. The antibody binding responses changed similarly with protein A depending on the monomer content of the sample. Finally, a different configuration was used to assess the binding affinity of free FcγRs (FcγRIa, FcγRIIa, and FcγRIIIa) to three different immobilized IgGs by immobilizing protein L to the chip surface. Unlike previous immobilization techniques tested where the FcγRIa was utilized as a ligand, nonimmobilized or free FcγRIa resulted in a significantly higher antibody binding response than free protein A. In this configuration, kinetics data of FcγRI revealed that the association rate (ka 50-80 × 105 M-1 s-1) increased in comparison to His capture method (1.9-2.4 × 105 M-1 s-1). In addition, the dissociation rate (kd 10-5 s-1) seemed slower over the His capture method (10-4 s-1) and provided stability on the chip surface during the dissociation phase. The KD values for FcγRIa were found in the picomolar range (2.1-10.33 pM from steady-state affinity analysis and 37.5-46.2 pM from kinetic analysis) for IgG1-type antibodies. FcγRIa possesses comparable ligand potential as well as protein A. Even though the protein A-immobilized surface bound more antibodies than the FcγRIa-captured surface, FcγRIa presented a significant antibody binding capacity in protein L configuration. The results suggest FcγRIa protein as a potential ligand for site-oriented immobilization of IgG1-type monoclonal antibodies, and it needs further performance investigation on different surfaces and interfaces for applications such as sensing and antibody purification

AHŞAP MALZEME RESTORASYONUNDA YÜZEY TEMİZLEME YÖNTEMLERİ

Tarihi ahşap yapı, donatı elemanları ve mobilyaların orijinal görünümüne tekrar kavuşturmak amacıyla uygulanan restorasyon çalışmaları, ahşap malzemenin gelecek nesillere korunarak aktarılmasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Restorasyon çalışmalarında, ahşap malzeme üzerindeki toz, kir, yağ ve boya/vernik uygulamalarının temizlenmesi dikkat gerektiren aşamalarından birisidir. Restorasyon sırasında farklı kimyasallar uygulanarak tahrip olmuş ve kirlenmiş bölgeler ahşap malzeme yüzeylerinden kaldırılmaktadır. Yüzey temizleme işleminde kullanılan bir kısım kimyasallar,  kokusuz, yanmaz, suda çözünebilen, sağlığa zararlı gaz çıkışı olmayan ve gıda kalitesinde olduğu için FDA (Federal Drug Administration) ve USDA belgelerine sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, restorasyon esnasında ahşap malzeme yüzeylerinden kirli ve tahrip olmuş bölgeyi uzaklaştıracak, insan ve çevre sağlığını da esas alan yüzey temizleme yöntemlerinin tanıtılması amaçlanmıştır

Kamu yatırımlarının kuşaklar arası refah etkisi

TEZ2518Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1996.Kaynakça (s. 143-151) var.vi, 151 s. ; 30 cm.