Realizm açısından:Yakup Kadri'nin romanlarında üslup

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 80-Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğluİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Özal'ın elini öpen dekana tepki

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 47-Turgut ÖzalUnutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010

Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinylphosphonic acid) for proton exchange membranes in fuel cells

Vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) was polymerized at 80 ºC by free radical polymerization to give polymers (PVPA) of different molecular weight depending on the initiator concentration. The highest molecular weight, Mw, achieved was 6.2 x 104 g/mol as determined by static light scattering. High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to gain microstructure information about the polymer chain. Information based on tetrad probabilities was utilized to deduce an almost atactic configuration. In addition, 13C-NMR gave evidence for the presence of head-head and tail-tail links. Refined analysis of the 1H NMR spectra allowed for the quantitative determination of the fraction of these links (23.5 percent of all links). Experimental evidence suggested that the polymerization proceeded via cyclopolymerization of the vinylphosphonic acid anhydride as an intermediate. Titration curves indicated that high molecular weight poly(vinylphosphonic acid) PVPA behaved as a monoprotic acid. Proton conductors with phosphonic acid moieties as protogenic groups are promising due to their high charge carrier concentration, thermal stability, and oxidation resistivity. Blends and copolymers of PVPA have already been reported, but PVPA has not been characterized sufficiently with respect to its polymer properties. Therefore, we also studied the proton conductivity behaviour of a well-characterized PVPA. PVPA is a conductor; however, the conductivity depends strongly on the water content of the material. The phosphonic acid functionality in the resulting polymer, PVPA, undergoes condensation leading to the formation of phosphonic anhydride groups at elevated temperature. Anhydride formation was found to be temperature dependent by solid state NMR. Anhydride formation affects the proton conductivity to a large extent because not only the number of charge carriers but also the mobility of the charge carriers seems to change.Vinylphosphonsäure (VPA) wurde bei 80 °C durch freie radikalische Polymerisation polymerisiert. Es wurden Polymere (PVPA) mit verschiedenen Kettenlängen erhalten. Das höchste Molekulargewicht, Mw, das erreicht wurde, war 6.2x104 g/mol, das mittels statischer Lichtstreuung bestimmt wurde. Hochauflösende NMR-Spektroskopie wurde verwendet, um Informationen über die Mikrostruktur der Polymerketten zu erhalten. Die Analyse der verschiedenen Tetraden ergab, daß die hochmolekularen Polymere eine ataktische Struktur aufweisen. 13C-NMR Untersuchungen zeigten die Gegenwart von Kopf-Kopf und Schwanz-Schwanz Verknüpfungen. Der Anteil dieser Verknüpfungen wurde mit 23.5 % durch eine detallierte Analyse der 1H-NMR Spektren bestimmt. Die Analyse der Polymeren ergab ferner, daß es sich um eine Zyklopolymerisation des Vinylphosphonsäureanhydrids als Zwischenprodukt handelt. Mittels Titrimetrie wurde bestimmt, daß sich hochmolekulare PVPA wie eine monoprotische Säure verhält. Protonenleiter mit Phosphonsäuregruppen sind vielversprechend, weil sie eine hohe Konzentration an Ladungsträgern besitzen, thermische Stabilität aufweisen und oxidationsstabil sind. Mischungen und Copolymeren von PVPA sind in der Literatur bekannt, jedoch wurde PVPA bisher nicht ausreichend charakterisiert. Deswegen haben wir das protonenleitende Verhalten einer gut charakterisierten PVPA-Probe erforscht. Grundsätzlich ist PVPA leitend, wobei allerdings der Wassergehalt der Probe eine wesentliche Rolle spielt. Die Phosphonsäuregruppe neigt bei höheren Temperatur zur Kondensation. Es enstehen Phosphonsäureanhydride. Die Bildung dieser Gruppen wurde mittels Festkörper-NMR detektiert. Die Bildung der Anhydride beeinflußt die Protonenleitfähigkeit der PVPA erheblich, da nicht nur Ladungsträger verloren gehen, sondern wahrscheinlich auch deren Mobilität reduziert wird

Path generation analysis of flexible manipulators

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Izmir, 2008Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 33)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishviii, 33 leavesBy the improving technology, usage of robotic manipulators has been increased a lot in last decades. Robotic manipulators are usually used in continuous production and dangerous operations. General industries, medical applications and space missions are the most important usage areas for these manipulators. In these applications, the manipulator faces to deviation of the end effecter which depends on many reasons like friction, vibration, elastic and plastic deformations. However, the robotic calculations made, as the links of the manipulator are rigid and other effects are neglected.The aim of this thesis is to improve a path generation analysis method for the three link flexible planer manipulator. The three link manipulator is considered to investigate the flexibility effect of links on path generation. Firstly the problem and solution method is introduced then the inverse kinematic analysis is applied for the three link rigid planer manipulator. The finite element model of the three link flexible planer manipulator is developed by using the plane frame element. The general equations of the tip point displacements of the three link flexible planer manipulator are expressed and Matlab program is coded. Finally, the library robots made by aluminum and steel are chosen for numerical examples. In conclusion the results of numerical example are shown for each position of the manipulator and discussed

An Analysis of the Failure of the Peace Process (2013-2015) with PKK through the Ripeness Theory

Turkey has experienced a protracted conflict with the PKK since 1984. Over the history of almost 30 years of the violent conflict, the first comprehensive and overt peace attempt was launched by Turkish government in 2013. It had lasted for two years with great optimism and high expectations on reaching a political settlement before it failed in July 2015. This article aims to explore the reasons of the failure of 2013-2015 negotiations and examines whether conditions were suitable for launching a ‘peace process’ in 2013 to resolve Turkey’s conflict with the PKK. It draws on three main elements of Zartman’s Ripeness theory: mutually hurting stalemate (MHS), a formula for a way out and valid spokespersons. It is argued in the article that the conflict in Turkey was not in fact ripe enough for negotiations which were initiated and conducted hastily without any formula for way out and with problematic spokespersons

Karşıyaka Coastal Renovation Project: A process-based approach to urban design

As the mobility and the fluidity in the society have increased and the economicactivities have been globalized for the last few decades, the contemporary city hasemerged as a rapidly changing dynamic phenomenon. Similar to the landscape,the city is an evolving, complex and layered system built as a result of naturaland cultural processes. In this current conjuncture, a static image of the urbansystem like figure-ground maps sounds archaic. Therefore, imagining the city asa landscape not only helps to reformulate the conceptual relationships betweenlandscape, architecture and the city but also provides new insights into how toorganize the urban space. This paper invites Landscape Architecture Theory to introducedynamic systems into urban practices that could contribute to the analysisand understanding of the contemporary city. Since the 1960s, landscape architecturetheory investigates spatial organization of dynamic systems through theecological models as a process-based design approach. Karşıyaka Urban CoastalRenovation Project (2012) in Izmir, discussed in this paper, is an urban designproject produced for renovation of Karşıyaka coastal area. The project approachedthe city as a landscape where natural and social self-organizing processes are expectedto transform the site. Therefore, the focus of the project was individuals’interaction with the environment at the social level and self-organizing nonhumanfactors as a living system as the natural phenomena. Rather than searching afixed and rigid spatial frame, the project investigated how self-organizing systemsgenerate a process based design approach to urban planning

An Investigation into Motivational Self-Systems of Turkish English Language Learners in Higher Education

Motivational self-systems have been researched in various educational settings including the English language teaching environment. However, motivational self-systems in the Turkish educational context still need to be investigated more due to the scarcity of studies in the local context, specifically with relation to the majors of the language learners. The current mixed-methods sequential explanatory study focuses on Turkish language learners' motivational self-systems and their correlation with the major of the learners. The quantitative data were collected from 118 participants in the Fall Term of 2019-2020 Academic Year based on convenience sampling at a language preparatory school of one of the state universities in Adana, Turkey through an adapted questionnaire. The qualitative data were gathered from 40 participants through reflective papers the participants were asked to keep at the beginning and end of the semester. The quantitative data were analyzed via SPSS 21 and the qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings indicated that there was no dominant L2MSS of Turkish language learners. The findings implied that the ideal L2 self of Turkish learners did not strongly correlate with their majors while their ought-to L2 self-had a strong correlation for some of the majors. Keywords: ELT, L2 motivational self-systems, ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, Turkish language learners. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-34-02 Publication date: December 31st 202

Symbol length in positive characteristic

We show that any central simple algebra of exponent $p$ in prime characteristic $p$ that is split by a $p$-extension of degree $p^n$ is Brauer equivalent to a tensor product of $2\cdot p^{n-1}-1$ cyclic algebras of degree $p$. If $p=2$ and $n\geq3$, we improve this result by showing that such an algebra is Brauer equivalent to a tensor product of $5\cdot2^{n-3}-1$ quaternion algebras. Furthermore, we provide new proofs for some bounds on the minumum number of cyclic algebras of degree $p$ that is needed to represent Brauer classes of central simple algebras of exponent $p$ in prime characteristic $p$, which have previously been obtained by different methods.Comment: 10 page