Hippocampus size does not correlate with body mass index in bipolar disorder

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Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Cognitive Reserve Assessment Scale in Health

Cognitive reserve; Cognition; Validation studyReserva cognitiva; Cognición; Estudio de validaciónReserva cognitiva; Cognició; Estudi de validacióOBJECTIVE: As the older population increases, it is important to identify factors that may reduce the risks of dementia in the general population. One such factor is the concept of cognitive reserve (CR). The present study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Reserve Assessment Scale in Health (CRASH) in the Brazilian population. This scale was originally developed to measure CR in individuals with severe mental illness. We also investigated the relationship between the CRASH and clinical or sociodemographic variables. METHODS: This study was conducted with 398 individuals. We assessed sociodemographic variables and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale [DASS-21]) using a web-based survey. We constructed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model in order to test the goodness of fit of the factor structure proposed in the original CRASH study. RESULTS: The McDonald's hierarchical ω for CRASH using CFA parameters was 0.61, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated good internal consistency when considering all items (alpha = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that CRASH can be used to assess CR in the general population in Brazil.This work has received financial support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and was financed in part by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES), Finance Code 001. SA has been supported by a Sara Borrell contract (CD20/00177) funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Social Fund "Investing in your future." EV has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PI15/00283; PI21/00787) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I and was co-funded by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), the Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del DIUE de la Generalitat de Catalunya to the Bipolar Disorders Group (2017 SGR 1365), and project SLT006/17/00357 from Pla Estratègic de Recerca i Innovació en Salut (PERIS) 2016-2020 (Departament de Salut), Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. DBS has received financial support from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS). JFG has received financial support from CAPES. ARR has received financial support from CNPq for the PQ 2019 productivity scholarship 302382/2019-4

Contribuições e principais intervenções da terapia cognitivo-comportamental no tratamento do transtorno bipolar

Este trabalho tem como objetivo averiguar as contribuições da Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental no tratamento do Transtorno Bipolar e focar em aspectos específicos das intervenções realizadas no tratamento. O trabalho consiste em uma revisão narrativa sobre este tema. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada através dos sites pubmed e google acadêmico. Os resultados mostraram que a Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental auxilia na prevenção de recaídas, em episódios de humor mais curtos, menor número de hospitalizações e menor variabilidade dos sintomas maníacos. Dentre as principais técnicas utilizadas, a psicoeducação parece ser a mais utilizada e eficaz no tratamento do Transtorno Bipolar. No entanto, a farmacoterapia ainda é considerada a principal escolha no tratamento

Cognition and functioning in bipolar depression

Objectives: Depressive symptoms are associated with worse outcomes in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). However, scarce data are available regarding neurocognitive profiles across different areas of functioning among BD patients with moderate and severe depression. Our objective was to assess cognition and global functioning in a group of patients with bipolar depression. Methods: Data were available for 100 patients with bipolar depression (78% female) and 70 controls (64% female) paired by age and education level. Cognitive function was assessed with a neuropsychological test battery. Functioning was assessed with the Functioning Assessment Short Test. Results: In patients, severe depression was associated with poorer cognitive performance on measures of executive function. Patients with severe depression showed worse global functioning than those with moderate depression (z = 2.54, p = 0.011). In patients with severe depression, lower global functioning was associated with lower scores in working memory (r = -0.200, p = 0.010), and executive function (r = -0.210, p = 0.007; and r = 0.293, p o 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest cognitive impairment and global functioning impairment are associated with the severity of depressive symptoms in bipolar depression. Intensive treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with BD is crucial to improve cognitive functioning and, consequently, functional outcomes