Physics Opportunities of e+e- Linear Colliders

We describe the anticipated experimental program of an e+e- linear collider in the energy range 500 GeV -- 1.5 TeV. We begin with a description of current collider designs and the expected experimental environment. We then discuss precision studies of the W boson and top quark. Finally, we review the range of models proposed to explain the physics of electroweak symmetry breaking and show, for each case, the central role that the linear collider experiments will play in elucidating this physics. (to appear in Annual Reviews of Nuclear and Particle Science)Comment: 93 pages, latex + 23 figures; typos corrections + 1 reference adde

The supersymmetric prediction for the muon transverse polarization in the K+←π0μ+νμK^+ \leftarrow \pi^0 \mu^+ \nu_\mu decay

The muon transverse polarization in the $K^+ \leftarrow \pi^0 \mu^+ \nu_\mu$ decay will be measured at the $10^{-4}$ level in forthcoming experiments. We compare the phenomenological perspectives with the theoretical predictions in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model. In the minimal extension, CP-violating phases lead to a non-zero transverse polarization, that however is too small to account for a positive experimental signal. The problems that one encounters when departing from minimal assumptions are discussed. An observable effect is possible if the hypothesis of R-parity conservation is relaxed, but only at the price of assuming a very special pattern for the R-parity breaking couplings.Comment: latex, 18 pages, 1 latex figur

Tradition and Change in Marriage Payments in Vietnam, 1963-2000

Trends and determinants of marriage payments have rarely been examined at the population level despite their plausible implications for the welfare of family and the distribution of wealth across families and generations. In this study, we analyze population-based data from the Vietnam Study of Family Change to document prevalence and directions of marriage payments in Vietnam from 1963 to 2000. We investigate the extent to which structural and policy transformations (particularly market reform and the socialist policy that banned brideprice) influenced the practice of marriage payments as well as estimate how societal changes indirectly impacted payments via their effects on population characteristics. Results indicate that marriage payments surged following market reform but also reveal more nuanced trends and regional differences during earlier years. While the socialist attempts to eradicate brideprice appear to have been moderately successful in the North prior to economic renovation the evidence suggests they were largely unsuccessful in the South. Results suggest that structural and policy change explained most of the observed variations in marriage payments and that changing characteristics of the individuals who married mattered relatively little. We interpret the reemergence of marriage payments as attesting to resilience of traditional values and the unraveling of the socialist agenda, especially in the North, but also as a reflection of economic prosperity associated with market reform

Possible Associations between Bovine Growth Hormone Gene Polymorphism and Reproductive Traits

The polymorphism of the bovine growth hormone gene (bGH) was studied in 211 Nellore pure breed males for association with reproductive traits. Scrotal circumference and testosterone concentrations were collected monthly from 10 until 16 months of age. Additionally, testicular growth rates were calculated. DNA was amplified by PCR and digested using Msp I and Hae III restriction enzymes. Every polymorphism presented two alleles. The predominant alleles were D (0.85) and F (0.98), respectively, and genotype EE - bGH/Hae III was missing. Significant association (P<0.05) between bGH/Msp I polymorphism, scrotal circumference and testicular growth after puberty, as well as between bGH/Hae III and testosterone concentrations at puberty were detected. The results suggested that these association could be useful for selection, since bGH/Msp I and bGH/Hae III polymorphisms could be considered as markers for testicular development after puberty and onset of puberty, respectively.<br>Em 211 machos da raça Nelore, PO, foi estudada a associação entre os polimorfismos do gene do hormônio de crescimento bovino (bGH) e características reprodutivas. Para o estudo foram realizadas medições mensais da circunferência escrotal e concentração de testosterona dos 10 aos 16 meses de idade e, ainda foi calculada a taxa de crescimento testicular. O DNA foi amplificado por PCR e digerido com as enzimas de restrição Msp I e Hae III. Cada um dos polimorfismos obtidos apresentou dois alelos. Os aleleo D (0,85) e F (0,98) predominaram na população estudada. Não foram encontrados animais portadores do genótipo EE do polimorfismo bGH/Hae III. Houve associação significativa (P<0,05) entre o polimorfismo bGH/Msp I, a circunferência escrotal e o crescimento testicular após a puberdade e, ainda, entre o polimorfismo do bGH/Hae III e a concentração da testosterona na puberdade. Os resultados sugerem que os polimorfismos bGH/Msp I e bGH/Hae III poderiam ser considerados marcadores do desenvolvimento testicular e o aparecimento da puberdade. Pela importância das observações, em função do reduzido tamanho da amostra, os estudos devem prosseguir