Traffic engineering IP/GMPLS over WDM

Internet has very much impacted our life and daily activities. With rapid growth in the numbers of users especially from the industries as well as the development in optical technology, the need of better network with guaranteed quality of service is highly demanded. One potential solution is to adapt Internet with GMPLS network over WDM and is currently widely researched. The GMPLS over WDM network is seen as the most promising network in servicing the users with the capability of providing high quality of service in terms of the information throughput and transfer speed. The project investigates the performance of an IP with GMPLS network over WDM with a constraint, i.e. the availability of lambda. This is conducted using simulation. The simulation work is done using a powerful open sourced network simulator, known as NS-2. A GMPLS WDM network was modeled and a performance study based on the throughput, end-to-end delay, jitter and lambda utilization of the network are presented in this thesis

Real-timeClinical System

The objective of the study is to develop a system that can help the users, in this context, the doctors, attendant and also the patient, to manage the data effectively, communicate efficiently, save time and also, most important is cost. Besides that, it is to apply LAN technology into clinical system, allow communication between two or more parties and sharing information in the organization. The methodology will be divided into two major parts, research methodology and design methodology. For the research methodology, questionnaire and observation will be used as tools. Meanwhile, for design methodology, 'Waterfall' methodology that consists of five different stages which are analysis, design, development, testing and evaluation will be implemented. In order to have full understanding ofthis project, two main areas need to be covered first, real-time communication and clinical management system. This is necessary in order to develop a good clinical system. As a conclusion, Real - time Clinical System is anew way to the users, patient especially to get better service and improved the management at the clinics. And I hope this product will be used in the clinics and it will contribute something good to the society in advance future. i

ANALISIS PERFORMA AES128-SHA DAN DES-CBC-SHA PADA PROTOKOL OPENSSL

Keamanan dalam berinternet menjadi masalah yang sangat diperhatikan dewasa ini. Hal ini terjadi karena marak terjadi kejahatan dunia maya atau cyber crime. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu mekanisme keamanan saat menggunakan internet. Salah satunya menggunakan Virtual Private Network (VPN). Dengan menggunakan VPN maka keamanan saat menggunakan internet akan meningkat, karena VPN melakukan enkripsi pada data yang lewat dalam internet. Sehingga data – data yang lewat melalui internet tidak mudah untuk dilihat atau dicuri oleh orang yang tidak berhak untuk mengetahuinya. Selain aman, kecepatan pengiriman data juga menjadi hal yang perlu diperhatikan karena VPN sudah banyak digunakan oleh perusahaan besar. Sehingga kecepatan pengiriman data juga perlu diperhatikan namun tetap tidak melupakan keamanan data. SoftEther VPN merupakan salah satu software VPN yang menyediakan berbagai macam jenis enkripsi di dalamnya. Dari permasalahan tersebut diusulkan penelitian analisis performa enkripsi AES128-SHA dengan DES-CBC-SHA. Untuk mengetahui enkripsi mana yang lebih unggul dalam hal kecepatan melalui pendekatan network performance

Degradability of bamboo fibre reinforced polyester composites

Fibre reinforced polymer composites made up of synthetic fibres such as glass and carbon have shown outstanding performance in civil engineering load bearing applications. Development in replacing these fibres with natural fibres from plants has recently gained much attention due to the promotion of green-technology. However, the current applications of natural fibre/polymer composites in civil engineering are mostly concentrated on non-load bearing indoor components due to their vulnerability to environmental attack. Their ease to biodegrade becomes a main challenge in the widespread use of these types of materials. In this study, fibre treatment through alkalisation and the application of commercial weather protection coating are suggested to enhance outdoor performance of natural fibre/polymer composite. Bamboo fibre reinforced polyester composites are selected for the current work due to their potential in civil applications. The study is divided into two stages: optimisation of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment on bamboo fibre/polyester composite and the degradability of bamboo fibre/polyester composite. The degradation study involves material exposure to heat, moisture and the combination of both heat and moisture to provide hygrothermal effect. The test samples comprised of untreated fibre/polyester composite, treated fibre/polyester composite, coated fibre/polyester composite and neat polyester. All composite samples were fabricated using vacuum bagging process on randomly oriented bamboo fibres. To study the optimum fibre treatment using NaOH, bamboo fibres were treated with 0, 4, 6 and 8 wt. % NaOH. Through tensile testing of both fibre and composite, as well as interfacial shear strength study, it was revealed that alkali treatment results in improvement in strength of fibres and fibre/matrix adhesion up to 6 wt. % NaOH concentration due to the decrease in microfibril angle and rougher fibre surface for better interlocking with neat polyester. At higher NaOH concentrations, fibrils were found damaged causing deterioration in these properties. Thus, the optimum concentration of NaOH for bamboo fibre treatment is considered to be at 6%, with 181% and 22% of improvement in fibre tensile strength and interfacial shear strength, respectively. The coating product selected is an acrylic-based weather protection coat, commercially available for outdoor use and it is applied on the optimised NaOH treated composite. The study has shown that the coating provided improved mechanical properties of the composite up to 15.5% for tensile strength and 5.5% for stiffness at room temperature as well as added durability against heat and moisture below 80⁰C. Generally, the thermal degradation study involves the use of thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermo-mechanical test. From the TGA, it was found that alkali treated fibres decomposed at lower temperatures than the untreated fibres due to the reduction in thermal stability of the cellulosic component of the fibres. For the composites, the decomposition temperature decreased by approximately 7.7% with the addition of the thermally less stable bamboo fibres in the neat polyester, but an approximately 90% increase in charring was observed. The glass transition temperature (Tg) for the composites is approximately 120⁰C obtained through DMA. The visco-elastic properties of the composites were found to be better than neat polyester above Tg as the bamboo fibres restrict the molecular movements of the softened resin. Similar findings were observed through the thermo-mechanical test, which was conducted at 40, 80 and 120⁰C. As the exposure temperature approaches Tg, the strength of the composites, although reduced, becomes better than neat polyester, with 331% higher for treated composite due to the presence of fibres which provide restriction to molecular movements of the resin. In comparison with the tensile behaviour of the composites at room temperature, the strength of the composites were found to improve up to 23% at 80⁰C, which through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, attributed this to better fibre/matrix adhesion. With the immersion of samples in water, the changes in physical and mechanical properties were observed. Without the addition of fibres into the neat polyester, the resin sample showed better resistance to moisture, with less than 1% of moisture absorption observed in 60 days. The voids observed on alkali treated fibres have influenced the increment on moisture absorption of individual bamboo fibres. However, with better interlocking with neat polyester, the moisture gain and absorption rate of the composites were found to decrease with NaOH treatment, whereby 6% NaOH treated composite achieved 60% less moisture gain than untreated composite. The thickness swelling of the untreated composites showed comparable result with treated composites but a notable improvement was observed with the application of the coating layer, providing 40% additional barrier against swelling. However, the strength of moisture degraded treated and untreated composites were comparable at 22 MPa, both approximately 2% higher than dry samples. This is due to the plasticising effect by free water molecules which was advantageous to the strength of cellulose fibres and also to the increased in interfacial shear strength by fibre swelling which filled the voids at the fibre/matrix interface. With the influence of both moisture and thermal exposure, the Tg was found to decrease which was attributed to the hydrolytic depolymerisation of neat polyester whereby the entanglement between the ester links were cleaved by chemical reaction with water, reducing its Tg from 112⁰C to 103⁰C. The rate of absorption and swelling were higher in hygrothermal condition for all samples while the strength experienced a 13.6% reduction compared to immersion at room temperature. Through SEM, this was explained by the presence of microcracks on the resin and deterioration of fibre/matrix adhesion. NaOH treatment and coating layer did not play a major role on the moisture absorption and swelling behaviour of the composites in hygrothermal condition. From this study, it can be concluded that alkali treatment of fibres has the potential to improve the resistance of bamboo fibre/polyester composites against the effects of heat and moisture, depending on how the degradation parameters alter the condition of the fibre/matrix interface. The presence of a good coating system may help increase the durability of the composite but it must be designed specifically for a certain exposure condition to ensure its effectiveness

The competitive advantage of getting tender: a case study of United Engineers Malaysia Berhad / Nurul Azwa Ismail

This case study explored the criteria used by United Engineers Malaysia Berhad (UEM) and also their competitors in terms of getting into tender. UEM has their own competitive advantage which is their subsidiaries. A competitive advantage exists when the firm is able to deliver the same benefits as competitors but at a lower cost, or deliver benefits that exceed those of competing products. The main issue is either the competitive advantage that UEM have can help them to get the tender compared to other competitors. This issue deeply explained in the report in order to be more clarifying for understanding of criteria to get into tender. Some of the suggestions have been explained to make sure UEM concern more about their competitive advantage

STATISTICAL STUDIES OF A REAL CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR (CSTR) BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL DATA

Reactor engineering is the most unique part of chemical engineering and its technology has gain tremendous applications in industry. Three ideal contacting patterns - batch, mixed flow and plug flow reactors are often studied and treated to make real reactors approach ideality as closely as possible. The three reacting patterns are easy to treat and simple to find their performance equation. Mixed flow reactor or Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) is a type of reactor that is widely used mainly in food and beverages production, chemical neutralization, and other industries. It is preferable compared to other reactors, depending on its application for the ease of cleaning and maintenance and requires less labor cost. The objective of the study is to conduct statistical studies on a real CSTR. CSTR is often treated as 'ideal reactor', in which this statement is untrue because in real life perfect mixing in CSTR is hardly to be achieved because of dead zone creation and channeling. This study consists of two main parts; the first part is conducting experiments to obtain the reaction rate constant from the concentration data and tracer analysis. The second part is to do simulation and calculation on the experimental data obtained by using Microsoft Excel and MATLAB. The experiment conducted is to determine the reaction rate constant of the saponification reaction. The experiments on determining the RTD value are also conducted. There are two methods on determining it - step and pulse input. The experiment is conducted using the CSTR dynamics equipment and experimental data are analyzed. From the study, it was proved that the conversion in an ideal reactor is higher compared to the conversion in real reactors due to dead zone creation and bypassing. The conversion for the ideal reactor is 0.496, and for the real reactor modeled which are segregation model, maximum mixedness model and real CSTR with dead-space and bypass model are 0.479, 0.470 and 0.480 respectively

ANALYSIS OF THE TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TIDES USING THE ADMIRALTY METHOD ON TWO RIVERS IN THE KUBU RAYA DISTRICT

A study of the tides in the river has been carried out in this paper. The rivers studied are the Jawi River (Kakap) and the Nipah River. The two rivers are located in Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan. This study aims to determine the type of tides and water level elevation in the two rivers. This study uses the Admiralty method to analyze existing tidal data. This method is commonly used in tide analysis. The results show that the tidal type of the Jawi River is a diurnal tide. The water level in the Jawi River is HHWL of 1.4 m (+0.86 m from MSL) and LLWL of –0.319 m (-0.859 m from MSL). Meanwhile, the tidal type of the Nipah River is a mixed tide prevailing diurnal. In addition, the water level is HHWL of 1.167 m (+0.82 m from MSL) and LLWL of –0.473 m (-0.82 m from MSL). This study is expected to be helpful as a reference for infrastructure development in the research area

The analysis and implementation of remote production monitoring system in manufacturing industries

The emergence of the fourth industrial revolution (IR4.0) turns manufacturing process into digital environment. In this transition, new technology especially the Internet of Things (IoT) play an important part in the global market rivalry. In order to shift manufacturing companies to the Internet of Things, it is crucial to connect their activities to the digital world using smart sensor systems. To overcome with this problem, this project presents a remote monitoring system for shop-floor and based on the IoT standard. This project is also about analyzing and developing a Remote Production Manufacturing System (PMS) framework and online tool condition monitoring system according to the Internet of things requirements (IR 4.0). The system is designed to establish a data acquisition and monitor the production shop floor remotely. For further processing, visualization and analyses, the monitored data are transferred to a cloud server using MDC�MAX solution. The developed system follows the IoT model to connect physical manufacturing with the cyber world and offer integration capabilities with existing industrial manual systems. Monitoring device installation is validated using a CNC milling machine on an industrial laboratory shop floor

The influence of Herzberg’s motivator factor on employees’ organizational citizenship behaviour / Noorlaila Yunus and Cairul Azwa Azimi.

Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) has been widely studied across the boarders especially in the western countries. This workplace voluntary behaviour is associated with many predictors that may bring whether major, minor or negative influence towards the engagement of employees’ OCB. Basically, this study is focusing on motivation as the predictor or independent variable that influence employees’ engagement on the OCB (altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy, civic virtue and sportsmanship) behaviour. Herzberg’s motivator factor (achievement, advancement, recognition and growth) has been chosen as the independent variable. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed conveniently to respondents. With 125 questionnaires returned, researcher was able to analyze the data based on the research questions and hypotheses developed. The findings showed moderate and weak, significant relationship between the variable excluding the relationship between independent variable and civic virtue and sportsmanship. Thus, Herzberg’s motivator factor was not a predictor to civic virtue and sportsmanship behaviour. However for the strongest predictor; achievement, growth and growth are strongly predicts the altruism, conscientiousness and courtesy behaviour respectively. However, with the absence of relationship between independent variable and civic virtue as well as sportsmanship, therefore the strongest predictor cannot be determined as the value recorded was below the criterion

Why can’t I have a choice of companion during labor? Barriers to implementation of companion presence

Companionship during labor gives comfort and reassurance to laboring women. Couples should experience this pivotal part of life together for its successful accomplishment. They bestow maternal support and ensure psychological wellbeing. However, there are some health care facilities who don’t permit the woman to bring a companion. The common barriers for not allowing companions during labor are: the utilization of traditional methods by companions, improper architectural layout, various ethnicities, and policies of hospitals. Thus, practical and realistic actions should be taken as discussed in the paper. Therefore, a laboring woman can utilize the choice of a companion during labor