Evaluation of Solid Medical Waste Management at Public Health Center in Magetan-East Java Province

Public Health Center (PHC) is a technical implementation unit of the District Health Office / City who has responsibility for organizing health development in their working area. Public Health Center produces medical waste from treatment room, general clinic, dental clinic, laboratory, and pharmacy. These medical waste can cause injury and infection for everybody, especially the person who works with the medical waste. This research aimed to evaluate the management of solid medical waste at Public Health Centre in Magetan – East Java. This research is an observational descriptive study. The study was conducted in two inpatient public health centers with PONED in Magetan, namely Karangrejo and Maospati. The sample of each health center is 7 respondents consisting of public health center manager, nurse / midwifery, laboratory officer, pharmacist, two people sanitarian, and 1 janitor.The results showed that from 17 variables were assessed in the management of solid medical waste for public health center Karangrejo obtain a score of 41,17% with a value scale enough. Public health center Maospati obtain a score of 35,29% with a value scale less. Public health center Karangrejo had seven variables that qualified. The variables were resources (quantity personnel, facilities, organization), the variable process of implementation (source of waste, waste minimization and sorting). While Public health center Maospati had 6 variables, namely variable resources (quantity of energy, organization), implementation of the process variable (source of waste, waste minimization, segregation and collection). This results indicate that some variables ratings do not meet the requirements, so the Health Department should conduct training / training management of solid medical waste, by inviting the head of the health center, medical personnel, sanitarian and cleaners (cleaning service). Beside that, they had to taking notes mop reports, complete SOP documents, and budgeting for facilities yet exist. Build commitment at the health center to dosorting well, building a temporary storage area representative, handed external transport stage to the stage of final disposal to a third party who has obtained permission solid medical waste treatment from the Ministry of Environment

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT TRAY DRYER SISTEM HYBRID UNTUK PENGERINGAN IKAN ASIN (Uji Kinerja Alat BerdasarkanEfisiensiTermal)

Ikan merupakankomoditas yang mudahmengalami proses kemunduranmutu dan pembusukanselamapascatangkap. Proses pengeringan yang dilakukanmasihdengancaratradisional dan menimbulkanmasalahdalamkebersihanatauhigienitas ikan asin yang dikeringkan. Kekurangantersebutdapatdiatasidenganalatpengeringenergisuryamemanfaatkanenergi yang dapatdiperbarui. Penelitianinibertujuanuntukmembuatprototipealatpengering ikan asintipetray sistemhybrid, menghasilkan ikan asin yang memenuhistandarkadar air berdasarkanSNI No. 01-2721-2009, menentukanefisiensitermaldarialattray dryersistemhybriddan menentukankinerjaalattray dryersistem hybridberdasarkankadar air dan efisiensitermaldalam proses pengeringan ikan asin sepat. Diawalidengandesainstrukturalalat yang akandibuat, menganalisiskadar air ikan asin sepat dan menganalisissistemtermaldengan parameter yang diukur di antaranyalajualirudara dan temperaturpengeringandenganvariasitemperaturset point 60oC, 70oCdan80oC sertawaktupengeringanselama 60 menit, 120 menit, 180 menit, 240 menit, 300 menit.Berdasarkanhasilperhitungankadar air, semakin lama waktupengeringan dan semakintinggitemperaturset point makakadar air yang terkandungdalam ikan asin sepat semakinmenurun. Penurunankadar air paling tinggiterjadi pada temperaturset point 80oC menurunkankadar air sebesar 24,5% darikadar air awalsebesar 78,3%.Berdasarkanhasilperhitunganefisiensitermalpengeringanuntukmengeringkan ikan asin sepat, semakin lama proses pengeringanmakasemakinrendahefisiensitermal yang dihasilkan. Semakintinggitemperatur yang digunakanuntukmengeringkanbahantidaksecaraotomatismenghasilkankalorpenguapan dan efisiensitermal yang besar pula.Efisiensitermal paling tinggiyaitutemperaturset point 60oC selama 60 menitsebesar 84,53 %. Pada rancangbangunalattray dryer hybridinidapatdilihatkinerjanyatelah optimal untukmengeringkan ikan asin sepat karenamampumenguapkanH2O sebesar 47,71%, memilikiefisiensitermal yang cukupbaiksertaproduk yang dihasilkanberupa ikan asin sepat dengan lama pengeringan yang singkatsertamemilikikadar air maksimal 40% wt. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkanbahwakondisipengeringan optimum yaituterdapat pada pengeringandenganwaktupengeringan 240 menitdengantemperaturset point 70oC, kadar air sebesar 36,9%, sertaefisiensitermalsebesar 76,43%

Faktor Personal Hygiene dengan Keberadaan Escherichia coli pada Makanan di Jasaboga Asrama Haji Surabaya

Hygiene and sanitation are important in determining food quality, where Escherichia coli is an indicator of food pollution that can cause foodborne illness. The purpose of this study is to analyze the personal hygiene factors of food handlers by contamination of Escherichia coli in the food provided in Surabaya haj boarding services. The method used was observational with a cross-sectional approach. The research subjects were 57 food handlers and 57 food samples in Surabaya hajj boarding services. The statistical test used is the chi-square test. There was a personal hygiene relationship between food handlers and the presence of Escherichia coli in food at Jasaboga Hajj Dormitory Surabaya (p = 0.001;

Performance Assessment in STEM-EDP Project for High School Students: Validity Aspect

Performance assessment is an assessment with written, action, and assignments that can provide better feedback on student performance and skills. The purpose of this research is to produce a valid performance assessment to be used in the assessment of STEM-EDP activity for global warming subjects. This research is an earlier stage of development research using the ADDIE development model with three stages, that is Analysis, Design, Development, while the implementation will be conduct as follow-up research. The performance assessment that has been developed is tested by expert judgement. The results of the validity test by two Physics Education lecturers at Mulawarman University and one teacher at SMA Negeri 5 Samarinda obtain that aspects of readability, aspects of suitability, aspects of construction, and aspects of product usability, each scored obtaining 88%, 82%, 85%, and 87% respectively that indicates that the four aspects are in the very good category. Based on these results, the STEM-EDP performance assessment of global warming subjects are suitable to use in implementation stage.

Analysis of PM2.5 cement dust levels, temperature and humidity in limestone burning home industry Tuban Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Background of this research is one of the parameters of air pollution that are harmful to human health is PM2.5. The main source of PM 2.5 is in the process of limestone burning. In the process of limestone burning, limestone is burned by using wood powdered fuel so that from the burning process, PM2.5 dust can be obtained which can affect the health of workers. The purpose of the study was to analyze the exposure of PM2.5, temperature and humidity in the limestone burning home industry workers in Tuban Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The research method was a quantitative approach with a total population of 18 people in the burning section. PM2.5 cement dust levels were measured using EPAM 5000. Temperature and humidity were measured with a thermohygrometer. The results showed that measurement results of PM2.5 cement dust levels is at point I with a value of 12,610 mg/m3, point II was obtained at 4,248 mg/m 3. Working environment temperature in the production area on point I and point II were quite high, namely 32.4°C and 31.1°C. Humidity at point I and point II obtained was 42% and 43% with standard of 65%-95%. PM2,5 and physical environment has not met the quality standards set on Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia Regulation No. 5 of 2018 about Safety and Health of the Work Environment in limestone burning so that it can be said limestone burning workers feel uncomfortable. Conclusions and Recommendations of the study was that the amount of dust PM2.5 measured mostly in limestone burning place on the first and second location is above the safe category, although none exceeds quality standards. Decent environmental management should be done and management such as the use of appropriate APD such as masks. Water around the burning location and plant trees so that dust is not easily breathed by workers

RANCANG BANGUN TRAY DRYER SISTEM HYBRID (SURYA-HEATER) UNTUK PENGERINGAN IKAN ASIN

Drying process on salted fish is one of the factors that determine the quality of the products produced. Conventional drying has many weaknesses, namely fluctuating heat, poor hygiene and requires a large enough space and can affect product quality. One of alternatives in drying salted fish is using a hybrid system tray dryer with a solar energy source with additional electrical energy (heater). This study aimed to design a tray dryer with hybrid system (solar-heater), obtained the performanced of the dryer based on drying rate, heat transfer and heat efficiency of the hybrid system tray dryer (solar-heater), and obtained salted fish that met the water content standards based on SNI No. 01-2721- 2009. The treatments varied were drying time of 60 minutes, 120 minutes, 180 minutes, 240 minutes and 300 minutes and the variations of drying temperature of 60oC, 70oC and 80oC. The results showed that the optimum drying conditions were drying using temperature of 70oC with a drying time of 300 minutes, a moisture content of 31.2%, a drying rate of 0.1492 kg/hour m2, a conduction heat transfer rate is 52.01 J, a convection heat transfer rate is 71.15 J, a radiation heat transfer rate is 0.048 J and heat efficiency of 53.28%

Analysis of characteristics and pulmonary function status of garlic crackers home industry workers in Sidoarjo East Java Indonesia

Background this research showed that flour dust has the potential on pulmonary function impairment. The basic material for making garlic crackers came from flour, flour dust had the potential on the worker's pulmonary function status. Purpose of the research was to analyze the characteristics and measure the pulmonary function status of garlic crackers home industry workers in Sidoarjo Regency East Java Indonesia. Research method was cross sectional design, the sample was a total sampling of 15 workers. The measurement of pulmonary function was carried out using a Spirometry tool by officers of UPT Occupational Safety and Health Surabaya. Data analysis used analysis of the results of a cross tabulation (crosstab). Time of the research was March to December 2019. Results of the research from the measurement of pulmonary function, 33.3% had an abnormal status, with details of 20% of workers had a light restriction category and 13.3% a light obstruction category. The results of the cross tabulation of characteristics of respondents with pulmonary function status showed that there was a relationship between age and pulmonary function status with a coefficient contingency value of 0.442. Male sex with pulmonary function status with a coefficient contingency value of 0.577, smoking habits with a pulmonary function status with a coefficient of contingency value of 0.577, working period over 10 years with a pulmonary function status with a contingency coefficient value of 0.106. The type of effects of respiratory impairments from flour dust exposure were affected by the dose and duration of exposure. Mask (Personal Protective Equipment) with pulmonary function status with a coefficient contingency value of 0.186. There was a relationship between flour dust and pulmonary function status with contingency coefficient value of 0.408. Conclusion Increasing age and long working period need to protect pulmonary function for workers in the potential environment of flour dust by increasing obedience to using masks (Personal Protective Equipment), and stopping smoking habits especially for male workers. Workers who experienced pulmonary function impairments should take further treatment so it would not get worse and get proper treatment so it would not reduce productivity while working

Perbedaan karakteristik individu antara desa belum ODF dengan desa ODF di Surabaya

Pemahaman akan lingkungan tidak bersih akan mendatangkan penyakit umum dipahami oleh masyarakat. akan tetapi, jarang yang mengetahu bahaya penyakit apa yang akan menyerang mereka dengan buang air besar sembarangan (babs). dalam proses implementasinya, pemerintah masih mengalami kesulitan untuk meratakan wilayah sehat berstatus open defecate free (odf). penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan karakteristik individu terhadap praktik buang air besar antara desa odf (kelurahan ketintang) dengan desa belum odf (keluarahan jagir) di kota surabaya. penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional. populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat yang bertempat tinggal di bantaran rel kereta api di desa kelurahan ketintang dan di bantaran sel kereta api di desa kelurahan jagir. sample dalam penelitian ini adalah 68 orang dari desa belum odf dan 60 orang dari desa odf yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode probablility sampling dengan teknik proportional random sampling. data diperoleh dengan cara observasi lapangan, penyebaran kuisioner dan wawancar. analisis data menggunakan uji mann-whitney u test. perbedaan tingkat pendidikan ada hubungan dengan desa yang belum odf dan sudah odf (p=0.000). tingkat pendapatan ada hubungan dengan desa belum odf dan desa sudah odf (p=0.000). status kependudukan tidak ada hubungan dengan desa belum odf dan desa odf (p=0,306). kesimpulannya adalah terdapat hubungan antara perbedaan karakter individu terhadap praktik buang air besar dengan desa yang sudah odf dan yang belum odf

Ethyl acetate partition obtained from the methanol extract of Muntingia calabura leaf exerts effective in vitro antiproliferative activity against the HT-29 colon cancer

Methanol extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaf (MEMCL) has been shown to exert the antiproliferative activity against the HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma) cell line. To further investigate on the medicinal potential of this plant, MEMCL was sequentially partitioned to obtain the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and aqueous partitions, which was then tested against the HT-29 cell line and also subjected to the in vitro anti-inflammatory study. The most effective partition was also subjected to the phytoconstituents analysis using the UHPLC-ESI-MS. Findings showed that the ethyl acetate partition (EAP) exerts the most effective antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 58.0 ± 12.9 µg/mL) without affecting the 3T3 normal fibroblast cells, exhibits the highest anti-inflammatory effect when assessed using the lipoxygenase (> 95%) and xanthine oxidase (> 70%) assays, and contained various types of polyphenolics. In conclusion, M. calabura exerts apoptotic-mediated antiproliferative activity, partly via the anti-inflammatory action and synergistic action between the polyphenolics

Liver protective effect of chloroform extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves is attributed partly to its antioxidant action and the presence of flavonoids

Context: Bauhinia purpurea L. (Fabaceae) is used in the Ayurvedic system to treat various oxidativerelated ailments (e.g., wounds, ulcers etc.). Therefore, it is believed that the plant also has the potential to alleviate oxidative-related liver damage. Objective: This study elucidates the hepatoprotective activity of chloroform extract of B. purpurea leaves (CEBP) in paracetamol (PCM)-induced liver injury (PILI) rats. Materials and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n ¼ 6) were pre-treated once daily (p.o.) with CEBP (50–500 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days before being administered (p.o.) a hepatotoxic agent, 3 g/kg PCM. Liver enzyme levels were determined from the collected blood, while the collected liver was used to determine the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and for histopathological examination. CEBP was also subjected to radical scavenging assays and phytochemical analysis. Results: CEBP significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the toxic effect of PCM by increasing the serum levels of AST and ALT, and the activity of endogenous catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) while reducing the liver weight/body weight (LW/BW) ratio. Other than low TPC value and radical scavenging activity, CEBP had a high antioxidant capacity when evaluated using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. UHPLC-ESI-MS analysis of CEBP showed the presence of flavonoids. Discussion and conclusions: CEBP exerts its hepatoprotective activity through a non-free radical scavenging pathway that involves activation of the endogenous enzymatic antioxidant defense system. Further study is needed to identify the responsible bioactive compounds before the plant can be developed as a future alternative hepatoprotective medicament for clinical use