PERTUMBUHAN KEPITING BAKAU Scylla olivacea DENGAN RASIO JANTAN-BETINA BERBEDA YANG DIPELIHARA PADA KAWASAN MANGROVE

Budidaya kepiting bakau untuk penggemukan potensial untuk dikembangkan pada kawasan mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan rasio jantan dan betina yang tepat pada budidaya penggemukan kepiting bakau (Scylla olivacea) yang dipelihara pada kawasan mangrove. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kawasan mangrove Kabupaten Pangkep, Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah kepiting bakau (S. olivacea) jantan dan betina berukuran bobot 250 ± 10 g yang ditebar dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/kurungan. Wadah yang digunakan adalah kurungan bambu berukuran panjang, lebar, dan tinggi masing-masing 1,0 x 1,0 x 1,0 m3 yang ditempatkan di kawasan mangrove. Pakan yang digunakan adalah ikan-ikan rucah dosis 10% dari biomassa kepiting dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan 2 kali sehari yakni pagi dan sore hari sebesar  30% dan 70%. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Sebagai perlakuan adalah rasio kepiting jantan dan betina, yaitu: 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6 dan 3:7 ekor/kurungan. Hasil analisis ragam memperlihatkan bahwa rasio jantan dan betina tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) pada sintasan kepiting, akan tetapi berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,01) pada pertumbuhan mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan harian kepiting bakau (S. olivacea). Sintasan yang dihasilkan berkisar 93,33-100%, pertumbuhan mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan harian kepiting tertinggi dihasilkan pada rasio jantan dan betina 7:3 dan 6:4 ekor/kurungan yakni 56,99 g dan 1,35%; 56,25 g dan 1,36%/hari sedangkan terendah pada rasio 3:7 ekor/kurungan yakni 28,97 g dan 0,73%/hari

Pengaruh Kombinasi Dosis dan Frekuensi Pemberian Pakan Terhadap Rasio Konversi Pakan Juvenil Udang Vaname di Tambak

Produksi udang vaname di Indonesia mengalami perkembangan yang pesat dalam satu dasa warsaterakhir. Salah satu masalah pokok dalam budidaya udang vaname di tambak adalah tingginyapenggunaan pakan buatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kombinasi dosis dan frekuensipemberian pakan terhadap rasio konversi pakan (FCR) pada budidaya udang vaname di tambak.Juvenil udang vaname dipelihara di dalam hapa berukuran 1 m x 1 m x 1 m yang ditempatkan didalam tambak. Pakan yang digunakan adalah pakan dengan sumber karbohidrat tepung jagungyang disubstitusi dengan tepung ubi jalar sebanyak 50%. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakanadalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola Faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah dosis 3%, 6% dan 9% danfaktor kedua frekuensi pemberian pakan 3, 4 dan 5 kali per hari. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diberiulangan masing-masing 3 kali sehingga jumlah satuan percobaan sebanyak 27 unit. Pemeliharaanudang dilakukan selama 8 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan yang diterapkanmemberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap parameter uji. FCR terbaik sebesar 1.02-1.12diperoleh pada kombinasi perlakuan dosis 3% dan frekuensi pemberian 3 dan 5 kali per hari.Kata kunci: dosis, frekuensi pakan, FCR, kombinasi, vaname

MIKROFLORA SALURAN PENCERNAAN IKAN GURAME (Osphronemus gouramy Lacepede)

Ikan gurame (Osphronemus gouramy, Lacepede) adalah ikan asli Indonesia (Bardach\ud et al., 1972), memiliki nilai ekonomis cukup tinggi, berukuran besar, dan berpotensi\ud tumbuh cepat. Kemampuan pertumbuhannya telah dibuktikan melalui hasil penelitian\ud kebutuhan nutrien pakan ikan gurame oleh beberapa peneliti (Mokoginta et al., 1996 dan\ud 1999; Mubin, 1999; Jusadi et al., 2000; dan Suprayudi et al., 2000). Dengan demikian,\ud budidaya ikan gurame berpotensi untuk dikembangkan.\ud Berdasarkan kebiasaan makanannya, ikan gurame adalah ikan omnivora yang\ud bertendensi herbivora. Oleh karena itu, di alam ikan gurame dapat mengkonsumsi sumber\ud pakan yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan. Disamping itu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan\ud proteinnya ikan gurame juga dapat memanfaatkan detritus yang berasal dari dasar perairan.\ud Hasil penelitian Mason (1975); Wiernicki (1984); Jones (1990); Brown (1995) dalam Xue\ud et al. (1999) menunjukkan bahwa detritus banyak mengadung jasad renik dan\ud mikroorganisme yang ikut berperan dalam menyumbangkan enzim pencernaan eksogen\ud untuk mendegradasi nutrien pakan yang dikonsumsi oleh ikan. Jasad renik dan\ud mikroorganisme tersebut juga merupakan sumber nutrien tambahan bagi ikan.\ud Jasad renik dan mikroorganisme yang termakan oleh ikan akan membentuk koloni\ud dalam saluran pencernaan dan disebut dengan mikroflora. Mikroflora adalah\ud mikroorganisme yang secara alamiah menghuni saluran pencernaan makhluk hidup.\ud Mikroflora terdiri atas berbagai mikrob dalam jumlah besar, dengan aktivitas dan kapasitasmetabolik yang sangat beragam, serta yang dapat memberi pengaruh positif maupun negatif\ud pada fungsi fisiologis saluran pencernaan. Pelczar dan Chan (1988) mengemukakan bahwa\ud mikroflora asli saluran pencernaan mempunyai hubungan mutualisme dengan inangnya,\ud yaitu memanfaatkan inang sebagai tempat hidupnya. Keuntungan bagi inang adalah\ud umumnya mikrob memakan sisa atau menggunakan bahan buangan, banyak bakteri usus\ud dapat mensintesis vitamin, mensekresi enzim, dan membantu pencernaan nutrien, dan\ud kehadiran mikrob asli cenderung menekan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen sehingga dapat\ud melindungi inang terhadap penyakit serta merangsang fungsi kekebalan tubuh. Melihat\ud peranan mikroflora yang sangat besar bagi pencernaan dan kesehatan, penelitian untuk\ud mengubah mikroflora saluran pencernaan ke arah yang menguntungkan baik untuk tujuan\ud kesehatan maupun pertumbuhan bagi manusia dan hewan terestrial terutama ruminansia\ud telah banyak dilaporkan. Saat ini telah dibuat suatu produk yang telah dikomersilkan yang\ud disebut dengan istilah ???Probiotik???\ud Penelitian mikroflora pada saluran pencernaan ikan telah banyak dilaporkan (Clarke\ud dan Bauchop, 1977; Das dan Tripathi, 1991; Nakayama et al., 1994; Opuszynski dan\ud Shireman, 1994; Hoshsino et al., 1997; Xue et al., 1999; Robertson et al., 2000;\ud Spanggaard et al., 2000; Jankauskiene, 2002; Tae, 2003; Al-Harbi dan Uddin, 2005).\ud Namun demikian, khususnya ikan gurame belum ditemukan. Oleh karena itu perlu\ud dilakukan penelitian mikroflora saluran pencernaan ikan gurame guna menambah informasi\ud tentang mikroflora saluran pencernaan ikan.The objectives of this experiment was to find out micro flora that have proteolitic and\ud amylolytic activity in the intestine giant gouramy. Isolated in aerobe and anaerobe condition eighth\ud Tripticase Soy Broth (TSB, Merck) as a culture medium added NaCl 1% with casein as an energy\ud source for proteolitic and starch for amylolitic, pH 7 and incubation temperature 29??C. Isolate\ud purified is done with 102 to 1010 dilution series, than transfer to Tripticase Soy Agar (TSA).\ud Identified pure isolate in a physiology and biochemistry manner. The intestine giant gouramy\ud obtained 12 isolate consist 4 isolate aerob proteolitic microbe (Staphylococcus sp., Clostridium sp.,\ud Bacillus sp. and Moraxella sp.), 2 anaerob proteolitic microbe isolate (Nitrococcus sp. dan\ud Aeromonas sp.), 3 aerob amylolitic microbe isolate (Mycobacterium sp. Lactobacillus sp. dan\ud Aeromonas sp.), and 3 anaerob amylolitic microbe isolate (Carnobacterium sp., Citrobacter sp.\ud and Streptococcus sp.)

Dinamika Kondisi Oseanografi di Perairan Spermonde pada Musim Timur

Perairan Spermonde merupakan perairan yang mengelilingi pulau-pulau Spermonde dengan dangkalan yang berada di sebelah barat daya Sulawesi Selatan dan terpisah dari dangkalan Sunda yang terletak di seberang Selat Makassar. Kawasan perairan kepulauan ini meliputi bagian selatan Kabupaten Takalar, Kota Makassar, Kabupaten Pangkep, hingga Kabupaten Barru pada bagian utara pantai Barat Sulawesi Selatan (Jalil, A.R., 2013). Letaknya yang berada di Selat Makassar, sehingga kondisi perairannya dipengaruhi selat tersebut, serta segala aktifitas yang terjadi di dalamnya.Kabupaten yang memiliki pulau – pulau terbanyak di perairan Spermonde adalah Kabupaten Pangkep dengan jumlah 117 pulau (Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Pangkep, 2007). Mayoritas Penduduknya bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan. Aktifitas penangkapan ikan dipengaruhi oleh keadaan musim, dan juga kegiatan yang tidak ramah lingkungan, menyebabkan hasil tangkapan ikan nelayan menjadi berkurang yang berimbas pada kondisi perekonomian rumah tangga.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu bertujuan memberikan gambaran kondisi oseanografi khususnya pada musim timur di perairan Spermonde di kabupaten Pangkep dan kabupaten Takalar pada bulan Juni-Juli 2019. Parameter yang diukur antara lain suhu, salinitas, pH, phosphate, nitrat, Do, dan Co2. Hasil kajian ini menjadi basis data system informasi kelautan dalam memanfaatkan kondisi oseanografi untuk kegiatan yang memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat nelayan pada saat tidak dapat melaut akibat kondisi lingkungan.Kata kunci: dinamika, oseanografi, Spermonde, musim timu

Comparison of physical-chemical conditions for seaweed cultivation in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia

Seaweed cultivation is one of the alternative livelihoods that could support the economy of the small island communities. However, the good growth of seaweed is intrinsically linked to the physicalchemical conditions of the seaweed cultivation area. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess and compare the physical-chemical conditions of seaweed farming areas and their relationship with seaweed growth in the Spermonde Archipelago, one of the major seaweed cultivation areas in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The physical-chemical parameters measured in the field or through laboratory analysis included temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphate (PO4), nitrate (NO3), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Data were collected from June to September 2019 from the waters around the islands of Balang Caddi (BC), Polewali (Pw), and Laiya (Ly), and in the coastal areas of Bonto Pannu (BP) and Punaga (Pg) villages. Data on seaweed growth was collected from seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) farming trials using different culture methods (longlines, polyethylene nets, and baskets) at two sites (BC and Ly Islands) starting in June with further monthly planting from July to September. The physicalchemical parameters were similar for all sites and in general, met the acceptance criteria for K. alvarezii growth; however, seaweed growth was affected by the cultivation method applied. The growth of seaweed cultivated with the longline method was constrained by the presence of epiphytes attached to the thallus. However, with the polyethylene net and basket methods, the epiphytes were much reduced, resulting in improved growth and bright green seaweed thalli

EFFECTIVITY OF MICROBE Bacillus sp. AND Carnobacterium sp. ON REARING OF JUVENILE GIANT GOURAMY, Osphronemus Gouramy Lacepede

The giant gouramy is one type of freshwater fish. Based on the study of food habits in the wild of giant gouramy was reported that throughout his life experienced two phases of food habits, namely phase carnivores and omnivores (Affandi, 1993). The giant gouramy in the first month of life is classified belong of carnivorous fish, which water animals that small eating (Bittner et al., 1989). Generally larvae of giant gouramy consuming rotifers and infusoria (Jhingran, 1975; Ang et al., 1989). In the larger size fish juvenile of giant gouramy eat insect larvae, shrimps, and other macro-zooplankton (Ang et al ., 1989).\ud In cultivation, the giant gouramy known to have slow growth compared to other freshwater fish culture. The results of research is nutrition of giant gouramy fish (Mubin, 1994; Cahyoko, 1995; Mokoginta et al., 1997; Mokoginta et al., 1999; Jusadi et al., 2000; and Suprayudi et al., 2000) proved that the carp fish have high growth potential, if done at each stage culture of nutritional improvement, both the larvae and juvenile are classified as carnivores, and stages of enlargement to the size of consumption that are categorized as omnivores. However, it still needs to be done other than through the efforts of nutritional approaches to enhance the growth of giant gouramy, for more efficient use of artificial feed. Other problems encountered in the giant gouramy culture is low survival rate (Mokoginta, 1996), which only reached 50% (Arlia, 1994). The low survival rate is caused by stress and easily susceptible to pests and diseases.\ud The use of probiotics as a feed additive in fish feed giant gouramy is an alternative solution to these problems. This occurred because the probiotics play a role in several mechanisms, which inhibit reactions that produce toxins, stimulates the enzymatic reactions involved in detoxification processes materials of potential as a toxin derived either from outside or from within the body, stimulating the host enzyme involved in the process of digestion or replace the missing enzyme, and synthesis of essential vitamins or nutrients are less available in the diet (Fuller, 1992). The use of probiotics as feed additives to promote growth and survival of giant gouramy have been reported by Irawan (2000) and Murni (2004). However, the probiotic used was Bacillus sp. not derived from the normal microflora of fish digestive tract.\ud Bacillus sp. is microbial proteolytic and Carnobacterium sp. microbial amilolitik is isolated from the digestive tract of giant gouramy fish and potential as candidate probiotics. Bacillus sp. is a gram-positive bacteria that facultative, have the ability to hydrolyze polysaccharides, proteins, fats, and nucleic acid and convert it into products (Fardiaz, 1992). Carnobacterium sp. introduced by Collins et al. in 1987 in the classification of Lactobacillus carnis, L. divergens, and L. piscicola which is the stock of the isolat of bacteria in beef cattle by Thornley 1957. In 1993, The species Carnobacterium thrive with two types of species that have no biological relationship with lactobaccilus (C. alterfunditum and C. funditum). Based on a series of basic RNAr and phenotypic characters, Joborn et al. in 1999 proposed nomenclature C. inhibens for a stock that was isolated from the digestive tract Atlantic salmon (salmo salar). The species Carnobacterium showed a relationship with Carnobacterium sp. (Collins et al., 1999). Further explained that the Carnobacterium sp. very difficult to distinguish from species of Lactobacillus. One can note that the Carnobacterium sp. can not be cultured in medium rogosa, and can grow at high pH (likely to grow until at pH 9,1) compared with Lactobacillus sp. Aslamyah (2006) reported the Carnobacterium sp. also present in the digestive tract of milkfish. Through the application of feed effective to increase the efficiency of feed carbohydrate by milkfish.\ud The species and amount of microbial inoculum of Bacillus sp. and Carnobacterium sp. appropriate as a feed additive in juvenile of giant gouramy culture classified based on the food habits of carnivores phase, expected to increase the activity of digestive enzymes, improve digestibility and feed efficiency, improve the health and resilience to stress. Thus, the growth and survival juvenile of giant gouramy can be improved.Use of Bacillus sp. and Carnobacterium sp. as feed additive can be expected to overcome the low growth and high mortality in rearing juvenile of giant gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy, Lacepede). Using completely randomized design method, nine treatment with combination of microbe species (Bacillus sp.; Carnobacterium sp.; and mix of Bacillus sp. and Carnobacterium sp.) and inoculums level (108, 1010, and 1012 cfu/mL/100 g feed) were conducted in 50x40x35 cm3 recirculation aquarium. Ten organism/aquarium with 1.0 ?? 0.2 g of wet weight were used in this experiment. The feed frequency was three times a day at satiation. The results showed that the mix of Bacillus sp. and Carnobacteria sp. with inoculums of 1010 cfu/mL/100 g feed was significantly increased the activity of amylase and protease enzymes. Finally, it could increase the digestibility of carbohydrate and protein in the digestive tract of juvenile giant gouramy. Through the protein and fat retention parameters, those conditions could improve feed efficiency and growth rate of juvenile giant gouram

Fitness Analysis Of Water Suitability For Seaeed Cultivation Kappahycus Alvarezii In South Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi

Seaweed cultivation in Indonesia is more focused on the production of Kappaphycus alvarezii species as a carrageenan producer. Land suitability analysis is an important stage in the preparation of spatial planning for coastal areas. This study aims to determine the appropriate location of the waters based on physical and chemical parameters using GIS. The research method is survey methods to get actual data related to seaweed cultivation activities. The spatial analysis of land suitability was carried out with a geographic information system based on the results of the x-weight score. The results of the analysis show that the spatial distribution that can be used for seaweed cultivation in the Batauga sub-district is 280 ha (very suitable) and Sampolawa 519 ha (very suitable), 838 ha (suitable), 234 ha (unsuitable)