Management Of The Zakat In Baitul Mal : Relation De-Welfare Improvement With Subulussalam Muslims In Aceh Province Year 2009-2012

Zakat is social security in shariah Islamic state, poor and needy through charity will be able to expand once observed ter quality resource Muslims. Channeling zakat alms giver understanding of Islam can be channeled to charity staff (Baitul Mal), which is believed to distribute the zakat recipients. However, sometimes less effective in improving the standard of living of Muslims, such as Baitul Mal Subulussalam, writer look less bless the Muslims, but still a post simply distributor, no construction skills recipient charity, but even if there is no control, construction, and finally evaluation remains a recipient of zakat recipients in the following year. From the above discussion, the researcher interested to investigate further how the actual management of zakat in the Baitul Mal Subulussalam for the welfare of Muslims so the authors formulate a thesis title: "Zakat In Baitul Mal; Relation to Increased Welfare Muslims in Aceh Province Subulussalam Year 2009-2012 ". Formulation of the problem here is how the provisions of zakat management in the province, how the management of zakat in the Baitul Mal Subulussalam, and how the factors supporting and inhibiting management of zakah in Baitul Mal Subulussalam? The research method in this thesis is a field study, which the authors attempt to collect data from interviews, observations, and documents in the Baitul Mal Subulussalam as a primary source, Law no. 38 Year 1999 on Zakat as a secondary source, and other books relating to the management of zakat as a tertiary source. The findings in this thesis: (1) the management of zakat in Aceh refer to the Act. No.. 38 Year 1999 on Zakat, (2) management of zakat in the Baitul Mal Subulussalam still not lead to productive consumption. (3) the realization of the work program Baitul Mal Subulussalam is inseparable from the support of the Government of the Act. No.. 38 Year 1999 has provided a space for each region to institute zakat, the Muslim community, and Agencies-Agencies in Subulussalam. Whereas inhibitors in Baitul Mal Subulussalam is less coordination, no priorities, lack of professionalism, and lack of funds

Evaluation Of Competitiveness Of The Indonesian Food Manufacturing Industry

The development of the Indonesian food manufacturing industry has experienced a rapid growth. Its performance is very encouraging primarily in the aspects of the structural deepening, the diversification and the market orientation. However, the industry has faced an inefficient use of productive resources accumulation, low efficiency and productivity growth as well as small share in the international market. The objective of this study is to evaluate the competitiveness of the Indonesian food manufacturing industry. At the production level, the social profitability indicators such as the Domestic Resource Cost (DRC), the Net Social Profit (NSP) and the Social Cost Benefit (SCB) were applied to estimate the comparative advantage. In measuring efficiency and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist index were used. To assess a market share, the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and the Relative Trade Advantage (RTA) indicators were employed. The secondary data of inputs-output and trade data in the form of pooled data were collected. The study focused on three different industrial trade policy regimes (imports substitution, exports oriented and emerging and supporting industries). There are 54 sub sectors involved in the comparative advantage analysis, 55 and 42 sub sectors in the efficiency and productivity growth analyses for the total and medium scales and the large scale industries respectively, and 55 sub sectors in the market share analysis. All data are in the form of an international standard industrial classification (ISIC) code at 5 digits. The period of study covered was from 1996 to 2002. Then it was grouped into two sub periods i.e. two years before the economic crisis (1996/1997) and five years after the economic crisis (1998/2002). The result shows that the Indonesian food manufacturing industry has a comparative advantage and is economically efficient in resource allocation, particularly for the import substitution and export oriented industries. However, under the emerging and supporting industry, only the malt liquors and malt sub sector had a comparative disadvantage. In the period of 1996/1997, 14 of the 54 sub sectors had a comparative disadvantage but the situation improved in the period of 1998/2002 where only three sub sectors were comparatively disadvantageous. It suggests that the industry in the subsequent period was economically efficient in the production process and had a declining trend in their production costs. The result of the sensitivity analysis shows that the import substitution industry was very sensitive to the increase in the production costs. Meanwhile, the export oriented and the emerging and supporting industries were sensitive to the decrease in the output border price and the shadow exchange rate appreciation respectively. The most efficient industry was found to be the copra sub sector for the total industry, while for the large and the medium scales, the sub sectors of cooking oil made from palm oil, peeling and cleaning roots and copra were fully efficient. It seems that the import substitution and large scale industries were more efficient throughout the period of analysis. The total industry had positive 9.00 percent of the average annual mean TFP growth rate. For large and medium scale industries, 25 and 15 percent TFP growth rates were respectively achieved. The copra sub sector had the highest positive TFP growth. Overall, the large scale industry performed better than did the medium and total scale industries in TFP growth. The technological change has been the main driving force of TFP growth for all industrial categories. The large scale industry in the period of 1997/1988 was successful in achieving technological mastery. The technological mastery for the total industry was generated from the sub sectors of copra and cooking oil made of coconut oil. In the large scale industry it was contributed by the sub sectors of granular sugar and processing and preserving of fruits and vegetables. In the medium scale industry, it was contributed by the sub sectors of wheat flour, tapioca, granular sugar, sago, bakery products, frozen fish and other similar products, crude palm or vegetable and animal cooking oil, cooking oil made of coconut oil and brown sugar. In market share estimation, under the import substitution industry, all sub sectors had a comparative disadvantage. Under the exports oriented industry, it seems that many food sub sectors were very competitive. However, most of them were intermediate products. Lastly, the sub sectors under the emerging and supporting industry show a decline in their RCA indices in the subsequent period

Detection and molecular characterization of leptospira spp. from environmental samples in Kelantan

Leptospirosis is an important worldwide zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic leptospires. In Malaysia, Leptospira spp. have been detected in humans, livestock, environmental samples and rodents. Saprophytic species was usually associated with the environment. However, a novel pathogenic species, Leptospira kmetyi has been isolated from the soil in Malaysia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to isolate Leptospira spp. from the soil and water in selected environment, to detect the pathogenic isolates and to determine their genetic relationship. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Soil and water samples were collected from well known markets and recreational areas in Kelantan. All samples were filtered and inoculated into modified Ellinghausen and McCullough medium supplemented with additional 5-fluorouracil. The cultures were incubated at 30°C for 30 days and examined under dark field microscope. Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was performed to determine the serovar of the positive cultures. Positive cultures were then subjected to PCR using G1/G2, B64-I/B64-II and Sapro1/Sapro2 primers. The presence of virulence gene lipL32 was also determined. Partial sequences of 16S rRNA gene of the isolates were obtained for molecular identification of the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out to determine the genetic relatedness among isolates. A total of 144 samples comprised of water (market, n=36; recreational area, n=36) and soil (market, n=36; recreational area, n=36) were collected. Based on darkfield microscopic observations, 10% water and 36% soil cultures were positive for Leptospira spp. All isolates were negative for the hyperimmune sera tested in MAT. A total of 18 out of 33 cultures gave positive PCR assay results using G1/G2 and B64-I/B64-II primers. LipL32 gene was not detected in all of the isolates. 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that 31 out of 33 isolates were identified as Leptospira spp. There were one pathogenic species, Leptospira alstonii and eight intermediate species, L. wolffii (n=7), and L. licerasiae (n=1). Twenty two isolates were identified as nonpathogenic species, L. meyeri. The remaining two isolates were identified as species from other closely related genus, Leptonema illini. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the leptopsiral isolates were clearly separated to form three major clades namely pathogenic, intermediate and nonpathogenic clades. In conclusion, only one pathogenic leptospires, L. alstonii was isolated from environment in selected areas in Malaysia. The remaining isolates were intermediate and saprophytic groups. All isolates were found not to contain one of the highly conserve putative leptospiral virulence gene LipL32

Andalán : periódico quincenal aragonés: Número 183 - (15/09/78)

Acute pain triggers adaptive physiological responses that serve as protective mechanisms that prevent continuing damage to tissues and cause the individual to react to remove or escape the painful stimulus. However, an extension of the pain response beyond signaling tissue damage and healing, such as in chronic pain states, serves no particular biological function; it is maladaptive. The increasing number of chronic pain sufferers is concerning, and the associated disease burden is putting healthcare systems around the world under significant pressure. The incapacitating effects of long-lasting pain are not just psychological – reflexes driven by nociceptors during the establishment of chronic pain may cause serious physiological consequences on regulation of other body systems. The sympathetic nervous system is inherently involved in a host of physiological responses evoked by noxious stimulation. Experimental animal and human models demonstrate a diverse array of heterogeneous reactions to nociception. The purpose of this review is to understand how pain affects the sympathetic nervous system by investigating the reflex cardiovascular and neural responses to acute pain and the long-lasting physiological responses to prolonged (tonic) pain. By observing the sympathetic responses to long-lasting pain, we can begin to understand the physiological consequences of long-term pain on cardiovascular regulation

To study the influence of cooling holes in a combustor using CFD

Combustion process is the complex phenomena involving the principles of fluid dynamics, thermodynamics and the chemical kinetics, which occurs in the limited space available inside the combustor. Moreover, proper combustion is the essence to enhance overall combustor efficiency. Combustor liner is provided with the cooling slots i.e. Film cooling and effusion cooling, to accomplice complete combustion and giving optimum temperature gradient required by the turbine blade. These cooling procedures will protect vulnerable combustor liner from hot combusted gas. In order to evince the effect of cooling slots, approach has been made to analyze combustor geometry using the application of CFD tools