10 research outputs found

    Réactivité et devenir des micropolluants dans le canyon sous-marin de Capbreton.

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    This work improved our knowledge about the marine pollution from anthropogenic activities in the submarine Canyon of Capbreton, a transfer zone of particulate matter from the continent to the deep sea. An inventory of the priority and emerging micropollutants has been performed from sediments of the first 25 kilometres of this canyon. Higher concentrations of micropollutants were observed in the canyon compare to the continental shelf suggesting that this canyon is both a trap for particles and micropollutants. Tracking of sources with isotopic tools demonstrated high contribution of runoff inputs for coastal sediments and a contribution of the hemipelagic inputs for the offshore sediments. Reactivity of emerging micropollutants and mercury was assessed by experiments under controlled conditions in order to identify transformations processes and Prokaryotes involved. Emerging micropollutants degradation is slow under anoxic condition and much higher under oxic condition. Thecapacity of degradation observed for bacteria isolated from those sediments suggests their implication for the organic micropollutants bioremediation in the marine environment. Mercury methylation and demethylation potentials demonstrated a high biomethylation in coastal anoxic sediments, linked to bacteria related to the sulphur cycle. This work confirm that Capbreton Canyon, likely as others submarine canyons, are important ecosystems for the transfer and micropollutants transformations processes.Ce travail a permis d’acquĂ©rir de nouvelles connaissances sur la pollution marine issue des activitĂ©s anthropiques dans le Canyon sous-marin de Capbreton, une zone de transfert de matĂ©riel particulaire du continent vers l’ocĂ©an profond. Un Ă©tat des lieux a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© sur la prĂ©sence de micropolluants prioritaires et Ă©mergents dans les sĂ©diments des 25 premiers kilomĂštres de ce canyon. Les sĂ©diments prĂ©levĂ©s dans le canyon prĂ©sentaient des concentrations de micropolluants plus importantes que dans les sĂ©diments prĂ©levĂ©s sur le plateau continental suggĂ©rant que le canyon est Ă  la fois un piĂšge Ă  particules et Ă  micropolluants. La dĂ©termination des sources par des outils isotopiques a dĂ©montrĂ© une forte contribution d’apports provenant des effluents cĂŽtiers pour les zones proches de la cĂŽte et une contribution d'apports pĂ©lagiques pour les zones plus Ă©loignĂ©es. La rĂ©activitĂ© de certains micropolluants Ă©mergents et du mercure a Ă©tĂ© examinĂ©e par des expĂ©riences en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es afin d'identifier les processus de transformation et les bactĂ©ries impliquĂ©es. La dĂ©gradation des micropolluants Ă©mergents est lente en condition anoxique et bien plus rapide en condition oxique. La capacitĂ© de dĂ©gradation observĂ©e pour des bactĂ©ries isolĂ©es de ces sĂ©diments suggĂšre leur potentielle implication dans les processus de biorĂ©mĂ©diation des micropolluants organiques dans le milieu marin. Les potentiels de mĂ©thylation et de dĂ©mĂ©thylation du mercure ont montrĂ© une forte biomĂ©thylation dans les sĂ©diments cĂŽtiers anoxiques, associĂ©e Ă  des bactĂ©ries du cycle du soufre notamment. Ces travaux confirment que le canyon de Capbreton, comme certainement d’autres canyons sous-marins, sont des zones importantes en terme de processus de transfert et de transformations des micropolluants

    Reactivity and fate of micropollutants in submarine canyon of Capbreton

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    Ce travail a permis d’acquĂ©rir de nouvelles connaissances sur la pollution marine issue des activitĂ©s anthropiques dans le Canyon sous-marin de Capbreton, une zone de transfert de matĂ©riel particulaire du continent vers l’ocĂ©an profond. Un Ă©tat des lieux a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© sur la prĂ©sence de micropolluants prioritaires et Ă©mergents dans les sĂ©diments des 25 premiers kilomĂštres de ce canyon. Les sĂ©diments prĂ©levĂ©s dans le canyon prĂ©sentaient des concentrations de micropolluants plus importantes que dans les sĂ©diments prĂ©levĂ©s sur le plateau continental suggĂ©rant que le canyon est Ă  la fois un piĂšge Ă  particules et Ă  micropolluants. La dĂ©termination des sources par des outils isotopiques a dĂ©montrĂ© une forte contribution d’apports provenant des effluents cĂŽtiers pour les zones proches de la cĂŽte et une contribution d'apports pĂ©lagiques pour les zones plus Ă©loignĂ©es. La rĂ©activitĂ© de certains micropolluants Ă©mergents et du mercure a Ă©tĂ© examinĂ©e par des expĂ©riences en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es afin d'identifier les processus de transformation et les bactĂ©ries impliquĂ©es. La dĂ©gradation des micropolluants Ă©mergents est lente en condition anoxique et bien plus rapide en condition oxique. La capacitĂ© de dĂ©gradation observĂ©e pour des bactĂ©ries isolĂ©es de ces sĂ©diments suggĂšre leur potentielle implication dans les processus de biorĂ©mĂ©diation des micropolluants organiques dans le milieu marin. Les potentiels de mĂ©thylation et de dĂ©mĂ©thylation du mercure ont montrĂ© une forte biomĂ©thylation dans les sĂ©diments cĂŽtiers anoxiques, associĂ©e Ă  des bactĂ©ries du cycle du soufre notamment. Ces travaux confirment que le canyon de Capbreton, comme certainement d’autres canyons sous-marins, sont des zones importantes en terme de processus de transfert et de transformations des micropolluants.This work improved our knowledge about the marine pollution from anthropogenic activities in the submarine Canyon of Capbreton, a transfer zone of particulate matter from the continent to the deep sea. An inventory of the priority and emerging micropollutants has been performed from sediments of the first 25 kilometres of this canyon. Higher concentrations of micropollutants were observed in the canyon compare to the continental shelf suggesting that this canyon is both a trap for particles and micropollutants. Tracking of sources with isotopic tools demonstrated high contribution of runoff inputs for coastal sediments and a contribution of the hemipelagic inputs for the offshore sediments. Reactivity of emerging micropollutants and mercury was assessed by experiments under controlled conditions in order to identify transformations processes and Prokaryotes involved. Emerging micropollutants degradation is slow under anoxic condition and much higher under oxic condition. Thecapacity of degradation observed for bacteria isolated from those sediments suggests their implication for the organic micropollutants bioremediation in the marine environment. Mercury methylation and demethylation potentials demonstrated a high biomethylation in coastal anoxic sediments, linked to bacteria related to the sulphur cycle. This work confirm that Capbreton Canyon, likely as others submarine canyons, are important ecosystems for the transfer and micropollutants transformations processes

    Mercury and methylmercury concentrations, sources and distribution in submarine canyon sediments (Capbreton, SW France): Implications for the net methylmercury production

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    International audienceSubmarine canyons are important stocks of commercial interest fish, whose consumption is one of the main monomethymercury (MeHg) exposure to humans. Currently, biogeochemistry of mercury in those biologically productive system is unknown. In this work, inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) and organic mercury (MeHg) distributions were measured in sedimentary accumulative zones (slopes and terraces) against adjacent continental shelf sediments. Hg compound concentrations in these sediments show a huge range of concentrations (Hg(II) ranging from 18 to 973 ng g−1 and MeHg ranging from 0.07 to 2.03 ng g−1) exhibiting factors 50 and 20 fold, respectively. Higher values of mercury compounds were observed in canyon locations suggesting a high accumulation of mercury associated with higher values of clay fraction and organic matter content. The reactivity of mercury was investigated in sediment of three locations along Capbreton submarine canyon axis using slurry incubations experiments and isotopic tracers. Specific methylation and demethylation rate constants (kM and kD) were calculated. Results clearly showed that MeHg concentrations in these sediments are controlled by competing and simultaneous methylation and demethylation reactions mainly mediated by biotic process. Mercury reactivity was found higher in coastal stations compared to the offshore station due to more labile organic matter which may stimulate microbial activities. However, higher net MeHg production was estimated for the offshore station due to high Hg(II) concentrations suggesting a potential MeHg source for such marine environments

    Microbial degradation of hydrophobic emerging contaminants from marine sediment slurries (Capbreton Canyon) to pure bacterial strain

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    Despite emerging contaminants (ECs) are more and more monitored in environmental matrices, there is still lack of data in marine ecosystems, especially on their fate and degradation potentials. In this work, for the first time, the degradation potential of synthetic musks (galaxolide and tonalide), UV filters (padimate O and octo-crylene) and a pharmaceutical compound (carbamazepine) was studied in marine sediment samples, under laboratory conditions using sediment slurry incubations under biotic and abiotic conditions. Minimum half life times under biotic conditions were found at 21 days, 129 days and 199 days for padimate O, galaxolide and carbamazepine, respectively. Enrichments conducted under anoxic and oxic conditions demonstrated that degradations after one month of incubation either under both biotic and abiotic conditions were limited under anoxic conditions compared to oxic conditions for all the contaminants. Novel aerobic bacteria, able to degrade synthetic musks and UV filters have been isolated. These novel strains were mainly related to the Genus Bacillus. Based on these results, the isolated strains able to degrade such ECs, can have a strong implication in the natural resilience in marine environment, and could be used in remediation processes

    Priority and emerging micropollutants distribution from coastal to continental slope sediments: A case study of Capbreton Submarine Canyon (North Atlantic Ocean)

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    International audienceIncising continental margins, submarine canyons are key issue for understanding shelf/deep sea exchange of particulate pollutant, impact on marine ecosystem and global geochemical cycling. The occurrence and distribution of 100 priority and emerging micropollutants were investigated in sediments within the first 25 km of the Capbreton submarine area. The most predominant compounds were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), trace metals and metalloid (TMs) (e.g. mercury, lead and arsenic), synthetical musks (e.g. musk ketone, galaxolide), UV filters (e.g. octocrylene and 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, EHMC) as well as some pharmaceuticals (e.g. azithromycin, acetaminophen). Highest concentrations were measured in submarine canyon sediments, distant from the coast and were correlated with both organic carbon and fine fraction contents, where PAHs, EHMC and musk ketone concentrations up to 7116, 32 and 7 ng g−1 dry weight, respectively. Those results likely demonstrate, that atmospheric inputs of pyrogenic PAHs, and both trapping and transporting of polluted particles along the continuum shore/deep sea by the Capbreton Canyon, might lead to an accumulation of anthropogenic micropollutants. The ecological risk assessment indicates that priority pollutants raise a potentially high risk for benthic organisms (e.g. PAHs, TMs). This might raised a specific concern about how the human can impact this ecosystem

    Priority and emerging micropollutants in sediments of Capbreton Canyon (SW France)

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    International audiencePriority substances set by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) are of major interest to evaluate the quality of coastal and marine systems, the final receptors for pollutant emissions. Emerging substances not regulated by the WFD, i.e. personal care products and pharmaceuticals, are of high concern since only scarce information of their occurrence, reactivity and impact are available in themarine environment.A large screening of micropollutants has been achieved in surface sediments collected in the Canyon of Capbreton (Gulf of Biscay). Twenty-four stations have been sampled within the first 30 km of the canyon in July 2017. Occurrence andconcentrations of priority (PAHs, PCBs, OCPs and trace metal) and emerging micropollutants (synthetic musks and sunscreens compounds) have been determined. In addition, sediments collected at three different depths were used to perform incubation experiments with a synthetic musk (HHCB) or a sunscreen compound (OD-PABA). Experiments have been performed at 12°C in the dark, controls have been also conducted with sterilized sediments. Some priority substances were lower than the detection limits whereas PAHsand PCBs exhibited high concentration levels ranging from 199 to 7,116 ng.g-1 and from 0.1 to 18.6 ng.g-1, respectively. Emerging micropollutants were measured at low concentrations. Musk compounds (HHCB, AHTN and MK) concentrations were up to 3.6, 2.3 and 7.0 ng.g-1, respectively. Sunscreens (3-BC, 4-MBC, EHMC and OC) concentrations were up to 6.2, 9.2, 31.8 and 29.2 ng.g-1, respectively. Highest concentrations were observed for offshore stations. Sediments from terraces or slopes of the canyon exhibited higher levels compared to those from the continental shelf. Degradation potentials have been only observed under biotic condition for OD-PABA suggesting the involvement of biologically mediated mechanism

    Rapport de campagne HaPoGĂ© 12-19 juillet 2017

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    The HaPoGĂ© survey was planned due to a scientific opportunity tender for the HROV Ariane, it follows the test AtlantHrov campaign technique, which took place from May 26 to June 9, 2017. HaPoGĂ© is the first scientific cruise of the HROV Ariane in Atlantic ocean, aboard a coastal vessel the “CĂŽtes de la Manche”. It took place from July 12 to July 19, 2017. The HROV dives were located in the Capbreton canyon. This survey involved scientist from Ifremer, Bordeaux and Pau universities. It had several objectives: i) to know the morphology of rockfall and sediment areas, ii) to sample in situ the rocky outcrops and characterize the benthic communities and iii) to determine the nature, levels of concentrations and distribution of contaminants in sediments and the water column. A part of the samples for pollutants (water, sediment) will be analyzed in the MICROPOLIT project of the UPPA. Ifremer team was in charge of the biology data collection and pre-processing of video and photo pictures recorded from HROV Ariane. In the MSFD context, these data enhance knowledge for the southern Bay of Biscay where a knowledge deficit has been clearly identified.La campagne HaPoGĂ© (Habitats, Polluants, GĂ©ologie du canyon de Capbreton) a Ă©tĂ© programmĂ©e suite Ă  un appel d’offres scientifique d’opportunitĂ© relatif au HROV Ariane de la Commission Nationale de la Flotte CĂŽtiĂšre. Elle fait suite Ă  la campagne d’essai technique AtlantHrov qui s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e du 26 mai au 9 juin 2017. HaPoGĂ© est la premiĂšre campagne opĂ©rationnelle scientifique du HROV Ariane en Atlantique, Ă  bord d’un navire cĂŽtier, le CĂŽtes de la Manche. Elle s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e du 12 au 19 juillet 2017 au niveau du canyon de Capbreton. Cette campagne a associĂ© les Ă©quipes de l’Ifremer Anglet, de l’universitĂ© de Bordeaux et de l’universitĂ© de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (UPPA). Elle avait plusieurs objectifs : i) connaitre la morphologie des zones Ă  tombants rocheux et Ă  sĂ©diment, ii) Ă©chantillonner in situ les affleurements rocheux et caractĂ©riser les communautĂ©s benthiques de macro/mĂ©gafaune et halieutiques associĂ©es et iii) dĂ©terminer la nature, les niveaux de concentrations et la distribution en contaminants dans les sĂ©diments et la colonne d’eau. Le traitement d’une partie des prĂ©lĂšvements relatifs aux polluants (eau, sĂ©diment) sera valorisĂ© dans le cadre du projet MICROPOLIT de l’UPPA. L’Ifremer est intervenu pour la partie biologie/habitat. Le travail consistait Ă  rĂ©aliser des enregistrements vidĂ©o, photographies et des prĂ©lĂšvements de la faune benthique sur des zones sĂ©lectionnĂ©es par les gĂ©ologues. Ces donnĂ©es constituent des Ă©lĂ©ments d’informations dans le cadre de la DCSMM oĂč un dĂ©ficit de connaissances a Ă©tĂ© clairement identifiĂ© pour le sud du golfe de Gascogne (dont le canyon de Capbreton)

    Projet Micropolit. SynthĂšse sur l’évaluation des impacts sur les diffĂ©rents sites ateliers en matiĂšre de biodiversitĂ© et de bioaccumulation. Compartiment biote

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    Le projet Micropolit a eu pour objectif de dĂ©crire et de suivre l'Ă©volution de la qualitĂ© du milieu littoral sud aquitain avec une approche pluri-disciplinaire, spatiotemporelle et en considĂ©rant plusieurs compartiments (eau/sĂ©diment/biote). Ce document a vocation de synthĂ©tiser pour chaque biote les sites concernĂ©s, les molĂ©cules recherchĂ©es et les principaux rĂ©sultats obtenus. Chaque fiche est indĂ©pendante. Pour de plus amples dĂ©tails, se reporter aux publications ou aux autres livrables (dont celui sur les protocoles de collecte, mesures, prĂ©paration et stockage des Ă©chantillons biologiques en vue de leurs analyses chimiques). Un bilan synthĂ©tique des productions pour ce volet biote est prĂ©sentĂ© en fin de document. Échantillons biologiques considĂ©rĂ©s : I.   EspĂšces commerciales (poissons et crevettes avec parasites dans le cas du merlu) II.  EspĂšce amphihaline (anguille europĂ©enne) III.  Zooplancton IV. GoĂ©land leucophĂ©e V.  Taxons biodiversitĂ© benthique VI. Microorganismes procaryote

    Contamination polymétallique des Lacs AQuitains et impacts Humains (CLAQH)

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    En 2013, une Ă©tude de l'ANSES sur la contamination par le mercure (Hg) de la chair des poissons des quatre plus grands lacs aquitains -Hourtin-Carcans (HC), Lacanau (L), Cazaux-Sanguinet (CS) et Parentis-Biscarrosse (PB)- a montrĂ© que des concentrations dĂ©passant les recommandations de consommation (0,5 mg Hg.kg-1 poids frais) des poissons carnivores des lacs HC et L ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es chez le sandre (Sander Lucioperca). Cette contamination pouvant constituer un risque pour la santĂ© humaine, un arrĂȘtĂ© prĂ©fectoral a interdit la consommation de sandres pĂ©chĂ©s dans ces lacs. Par ailleurs, cette premiĂšre Ă©tude a mis en Ă©vidence un gradient de contamination nord-sud, les poissons pĂȘchĂ©s dans les lacs mĂ©docains (HC et L) Ă©tant plus contaminĂ©s que ceux pĂȘchĂ©s dans les lacs landais (CS et PB). Les rĂ©sultats du projet CLAQH ont confirmĂ© ce gradient dĂ©croissant nord-sud dans la chair des poissons carnivores. Les concentrations en mercure atmosphĂ©rique mesurĂ©es ponctuellement ou accumulĂ©es dans les mousses vĂ©gĂ©tales autour des lacs sont caractĂ©ristiques d’environnements dits « Ă©loignĂ©s et vierges » de toutes sources significatives de contamination. D'autres facteurs pouvant expliquer ce gradient de contamination chez les poissons ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s, tels que la structure de la chaĂźne alimentaire et le rĂŽle potentiel des plantes aquatiques dans la mĂ©thylation du Hg, la forme mĂ©thylĂ©e du mercure Ă©tant la forme la plus disponible pour les organismes biologiques et la plus toxique. Aucun des facteurs Ă©tudiĂ©s ne peut expliquer ces diffĂ©rences nord-sud. En revanche, un important gradient dĂ©croissant de concentrations en sulfate nord-sud a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ© dans les eaux et les sĂ©diments des 4 lacs. L’enrichissement en sulfate des lacs mĂ©docains provient des zones agricoles du bassin versant du lac de Hourtin-Carcans. La prĂ©sence de ces sulfates favorise le dĂ©veloppement de bactĂ©ries sulfato-rĂ©ductrices, localisĂ©es principalement au niveau du biofilm des plantes aquatiques et du sĂ©diment, responsables de la production de mĂ©thylmercure. Cette production accrue de mĂ©thylmercure dans les lacs de Hourtin-Carcans et de Lacanau est responsable de la forte accumulation de ce mĂ©tal dans les poissons carnivores de ces lacs. Cette Ă©tude prĂ©conise de ne pas consommer les poissons carnivores issus de ces deux lacs pour les personnes les plus vulnĂ©rables (femmes enceintes et enfants). Par ailleurs, douze autres Ă©lĂ©ments traces mĂ©talliques ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s dans les muscles des poissons et aucun risque pour la santĂ© et l'environnement n'a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©celĂ© pour les mĂ©taux rĂ©glementĂ©s (Cd, Pb) et non rĂ©glementĂ©s (Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Co, V, Cr, Se, Ag, Al) par la Commission europĂ©enne
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